This training report summarizes the Panipat Thermal Power Station, which has a total generation capacity of 1360MW constructed in 5 stages from 110MW units to 250MW units. It describes the basic process of electricity generation including coal feeding, pulverization, combustion in the boiler, steam generation, superheating, steam turbine generation, and condensing. It provides details on the key elements of the plant including the deaerator, boiler feed pump, economizer, air preheater, boiler, superheater, turbine, and condenser. It also summarizes the instrumentation used for temperature, pressure, and process control.

1. TRAINING REPORT ON
PANIPAT THERMAL POWER STATION
MOHIT VERMA
EL/11/314

2. INTRODUCTION
The plant has been constructed in five stages as
given below:
Stage 1: Unit-1 110 MW
Unit-2 110 MW
Stage 2:Unit-3 110MW
Unit-4 110MW
Stage 3:Unit-5 210MW
Unit-6 210MW
Stage 4:Unit-7 250MW
Unit-8 250MW
Total Generation Capacity 1360MW

3. Basic Idea of Electricity
Generation
Coal is unloaded by electric traction system at Coal Yard
Coal is crushed to finer pieces of order 20 mm
Pulverization of Coal
Coal is send to furnace with the help of FD fan
Steam is generated at 540°C and 135 kg/sq.m
Steam is send to Super heater
Superheated steam is send to turbine
Production of Electricity by the generator coupled with

5. Elements Of Thermal Power
Station
 DM Plant
 Deaerator
 Boiler feed pump
 Economizer
 Air Pre-Heater
 Boiler
 Super heater
 Turbine
 Condenser

6. COAL FEEDING SYSTEM
Conveyor Coal Hopper
Coal is conveyed through rail wagon from out side of
plant and through conveyor system collected in
hopper and ground to a very fine powder by large
metal spheres in the pulverised fuel mill.
Wagon Tippler
Pulverised Mill

7. COAL FEEDING SYSTEM
Air Pre-heater Forced Draft Fan
Then it is mixed with preheated air driven by the forced draught fan. The hot air-fuel
mixture is forced at high pressure into the boiler.

8. BOILER
A boiler or steam generator is a device used to
create steam by applying heat energy to water.
The steam generator or boiler is an integral component of a steam engine when
considered as a prime mover; The boiler is a furnace on a side. Its walls are
made of a web of high pressure steel tubes.
Pulverized coal is air-blown into the furnace from fuel nozzles at the four corners
and it rapidly burns, forming a large fireball at the center. The thermal radiation of
the fireball heats the water that circulates through the boiler tubes near the boiler
perimeter. The water circulation rate in the boiler is three to four times the
throughput and is typically driven by pumps. As the water in the boiler circulates
it absorbs heat and changes into steam at 700 °F (371 °C) and 3,200 psi . It is
separated from the water inside a drum at the top of the furnace.

9. BOILER FEED PUMP
NDE BEARING DE BEARING
SLEEVE
SOLE PLATE
(BASE PLATE)
KEY
FOUNDATION BOLT
9 PMI Revision 00 28 August 2014
18

10. ASH HANDLING SYSTEM
At the bottom of the furnace, there is a hopper for collection of bottom ash. This
hopper is always filled with water to quench the ash and clinkers falling down
from the furnace. Some arrangement is included to crush the clinkers and for
conveying the crushed clinkers and bottom ash to a storage site.

11. SUPER HEATER
Superheated steam is steam at a
temperature higher than water's boiling
point. If saturated stream is heated at
constant pressure, it increases toward
100% Dry Saturated Steam. Continued
heat input will then generate
superheated steam. This will occur if
saturated steam contacts a surface with
a higher temperature. The steam is then
described as superheated by the number
of degrees it has been heated above
saturation temperature
In a power plant, after the steam is conditioned by the drying equipment inside
the steam drum, it is piped from the upper drum area into tubes inside an area of
the furnace known as the super heater, which has an elaborate set up of tubing
where the steam vapor picks up more energy from hot flue gases outside the
tubing and its temperature is now superheated above the saturation temperature.
The superheated steam is then piped through the main steam lines to the valves
before the high pressure turbine.

12. STEAM TURBINE
A steam turbine is a mechanical device
that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam, and converts it into
rotary motion.
The steam turbine is a form of heat
engine that derives much of its
improvement in thermodynamics
efficiency through the use of multiple
stages in the expansion of the steam.
The hot reheat steam is conducted to the intermediate pressure turbine where it
falls in both temperature and pressure and exits directly to the long-bladed low
pressure turbines and finally exits to the condense

14. ROTORS

15. CONDENSER
Water Cooled Condenser Air Cooled Condenser
Condenser is a device or unit used to condense a substance from its gaseous to
its liquid state, typically by cooling it.
The exiting steam from steam turbine, now a little above its boiling point, is
brought into thermal contact with cold water (pumped in from the cooling tower)
in the condenser. where it condenses rapidly back into water, creating near
vacuum-like conditions inside the condenser chest.

16. COOLING TOWER
Natural Draft Cooling
Tower
Cooling towers are heat removal devices used to transfer process waste heat
to the atmosphere. Cooling towers either use the evaporation of water to
remove process heat and cool the working fluid or in the case of closed circuit
dry cooling towers rely solely on air to cool the working fluid.

17. DE AREATOR
De Areator
A deaerator is a device that is widely
used for the removal of air and other
dissolved gases from the feed water to
steam-generating boiler.
The condensed water is then passed by a feed pump through a deaerater.

18. ECONOMISER
Economiser
Economizer are mechanical devices
intended to reduce energy consumption, or to
perform another useful function like
preheating a fluid.
Pre-warmed water first enter in a feed heater
powered by steam drawn from the high
pressure set, and then in the economiser
Economizer is a flue gas to water heat exchanger. Usually it is located below the
LPSH in the boiler and above Air pre heater. Outside surface of the economizer
tubes are heated by flue gases leaving the superheater and reheater which
subsequently transfer heat to feed water flowing inside the tubes.
Advantages of Economizer include
1) Fuel economy: – used to save fuel and increase overall efficiency of boiler
plant.
2) Reducing size of boiler: – as the feed water is preheated in the economizer and
enter boiler tube at elevated temperature. The heat transfer area required for
evaporation reduced considerably.

19. CHIMNEY
A chimney is a structure for venting hot
gases or smoke from a boiler, furnace or
fireplace to the outside atmosphere.
A chimney is a vertical structure for venting
hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler to the
outside atmosphere by means of the stack
effect. The space inside a chimney is called
aflue. The height of chimneys plays a role in
their ability to transfer flue gases using
stack effect. The dispersion of pollutants at
higher altitude helps to ease down its
influence on surroundings and reduces their
concentrations in compliance with
regulatory limits.
Exhaust gas from electrostatic precipitator vented through the chimney tack.

20. SWITCHYARD
A switch yard is a part of an electrical generation, transmission,
system. Switchyard transform voltage from high to low,
or the reverse, or perform any of several other important functions.

21. CONTROL ROOM
A control room is a room serving as a centre where a large physical
facility or physically dispersed service can be monitored and controlled.

22. Instrumentation In Thermal
Power
Plant
When the balance is disturbed, all the process variables
deviate
from their normal values thus creating the necessity for the
following:-
i)Instruments : To measure and indicate the amount of
deviation.
ii)Automatic Control: To correct the deviation and bring
back
system to normal
iii) Annunciation : To warn about the excessive
deviations, if
any.
iv) Protection : To isolate the equipments process from
dangerous operating conditions cause due to such
excessive

23. Temperature
The degree of hotness and coldness measured
on the definite scale.
 Methods of Temperature Measurement
 Resistance Temperature Detector(R.T.D)
 Thermocouple

24. Resistance Temperature
Detector
 Resistance of certain metals
changes as the
 temp. changes as per formula
given below :-
 Rt=Ro(1+wt)
 Where Rt=Resistance at temp. to
be measured. Ro=Resistance at 0
degree C.
 w=Temp. coefficient of res.
Thermometer metal
 t=Temp. to be measured.
 Mainly three metals copper, nickel
and platinum are used as RTD.

25. Thermocouple
It consists of a pair of wire
of different materials.
Wires are joined at both
ends one junction is
kept at a high
temp.called hot junction
and the
other is kept at a fixed at
lower temp. called cold
junction. Due to which
emf is setup in the ckt
known as Thermo emf.

26. Pressure
Units for pressure
measurement are
Newton/m2
, Kg/cm2, mm of water
column & mm of
mercury
column.
Devices for Pressure
Measurement
Bourden Tube Pressure
Gauge
Manometer

27. Control Valve

28. Furnace Starting Assembly

29. Thank you