Legal and official requirement of container, packaging Dheeraj Saini
Here we discuss, the following subject topics
1. Official and legal requirements of container
2. Types of packing
3. Material used in packing or container
4. Label
5. Labelling techniques
Umang pharmaceutical packaging..b.k.mody goverment pharmacy college rajkotumang971991
pharmaceutical packaging and packaging materials and it also contains the evaluation of all the pharmaceuticals packaging materials with the regulatory guidelines..
Packaging of pharmaceuticals, glass, plastic, rubber , metal as a container, ...RajkumarKumawat11
Packaging of pharmaceuticals, glass, plastic, rubber , metal as a container, aerosol and aerosol packaging, pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical packaging, Packaging chapter for pharma students, rajkumar kumawat
Packaging is the art of science & technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution , storage, sale & use.
Packaging is the process by which the pharmaceuticals are suitably placed so that they should retain their therapeutic effectiveness from the time of their packaging till they are consumed.
Legal and official requirement of container, packaging Dheeraj Saini
Here we discuss, the following subject topics
1. Official and legal requirements of container
2. Types of packing
3. Material used in packing or container
4. Label
5. Labelling techniques
Umang pharmaceutical packaging..b.k.mody goverment pharmacy college rajkotumang971991
pharmaceutical packaging and packaging materials and it also contains the evaluation of all the pharmaceuticals packaging materials with the regulatory guidelines..
Packaging of pharmaceuticals, glass, plastic, rubber , metal as a container, ...RajkumarKumawat11
Packaging of pharmaceuticals, glass, plastic, rubber , metal as a container, aerosol and aerosol packaging, pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical packaging, Packaging chapter for pharma students, rajkumar kumawat
Packaging is the art of science & technology of enclosing or protecting products for distribution , storage, sale & use.
Packaging is the process by which the pharmaceuticals are suitably placed so that they should retain their therapeutic effectiveness from the time of their packaging till they are consumed.
Pharmaceutical Packaging is very important chapter for Packaging of Pharmaceutical product .
In this we learn about how to pack the Pharmaceutical dosage form like tablet ,capsule , and material use for pharmaceutical dosage form
Basic principles of compounding and dispensing (Containers and closures for d...Imran Nur Manik
Weight, measure and units calculation for compounding and dispensing. Fundamental operation in compounding. Good pharmaceutical practices in compounding and dispensing. Containers and closures for dispensed products. Responding to prescription, labeling of dispensed medications.
Criticisms of orthodox medical ethics, importance ofsupriyawable1
ethics is a very large and complex field of study with many branches .medical ethics is the branch of ethics that deals moral issues in medical practice. principles of medical ethics - autonomy ,beneficence ,confidentiality,do not harm,equity .importance of communication .
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
2. INTRODUCTION
Packaging is the science, art and technology of
enclosing or protecting products for distribution,
storage, sale, and use.
Packaging also refers to the process of design,
evaluation, and production of packages.
3. Pharmaceutical packaging can be defined a
technology and science which deals with the
study of materials and methods used to pack the
product and also the knowledge of the
machinery used for packing the product.
4. WHAT IS PACKAGE ?
A Package consist of :
The container in which the product is placed.
The closure which is used to seal the container
and to protect oxygen ,moisture,bacteria and
prevent the loss of product through evaporation.
The carton or outer cover which is made variety
of material such as cardboard ,plastic and
polymer and its give the protection against
mechanical and environmental hazrds.
5. The box in which products are packed.the box
usually contains suitable shock absorbers ,in
order to protect the products from mechanical
shock.
6. Materials selected for packaging must have
following characteristics:
They must product from enviromental condition
such as temperature ,humidity,oxygen and light.
They must not reactive with product or
ingredients .
They must not impart any odour or taste .
7. They must be non toxic .
They must be approved by food and drugs
administration.
They must be tempor-resistant.
They should be suitable for commonly used
packaging equipments and machines .
8. PHARMACEUTICAL PACKAGE
1.container : is the devic that hold the drug .
It have direct contact with the drug
2. Closure : is the part of package which can open
and closed to facilitate access to the content and
removal of products .
3.Liner : is a material which inserted in a cap to
effect perfect seal between a the closure and
container .
10. 1.Light resistant container :
it protects the contents from the effects of light.
2.Well – closed container
it is one which protects the contents from
extraneous solids and from the loss of a drug under
normal or ordinary conditions of handling ,storage and
distribution .
11. 3.Tight container( tightly closed container):
a tight container protects the contents from
contamination by extraneous solids or vapours ;from loss
of drug due to effervescence and evaporation under
ordinary conditions of handling ,storage and distribution
.
12. 4.Hermatic container ( Hermatically sealed
container )
It is impervious to air and other gases
under normal condition of handling ,storage and
distribution .
5.Single dose container
these types of containers contain only a single
dose for one use .it is closed in such a manner
that the contents can be removed without
destruction of the closures ,as the contents are
intendes for single use only.
13. 6.Multiple dose container
is a container ,which permits the
withdrawl of successive portions of the contents
,without changing the strenght ,quality or purity
of the contents .
15. GLASS
Glass has been widely used as a drug packaging
material.
Advantages
1. They are transparent.
2. They have good protection power.
3. They can be easily labelled.
4. Economical
5. Variety of sizes and shapes
16. 6. Chemically inert ...it does not react with not chemicals .
7.Glass can be sterlised by any sterlisation method .
7.It is approved by food and drug administration.
17. Disadvantages
1. Glass is fragile so easily broken.
2.Release alkali to aqueous preparation.
3.Glass is heavier than other packaging material
4.Transportation is not easy .
18. COMPOSITION OF GLASS
Sand (silicon dioxide) Soda ash (sodium carbonate)
Limestone (calcium carbonate) Cullet (broken glass) -
aluminium, boron, potassium, magnesium, zinc,
barium,
Amber: light yellowish to deep reddish brown, carbon
and sulphur or iron and manganese dioxide
Yellow: Compounds of cadmium and sulphur
Blue: Various shades of blue, cobalt oxide or
occasionally copper (cupric) oxide
Green: iron oxide, manganese dioxide and chromium
dioxide
19. MANUFACTURE OF GLASS:
The four basic processes used in the production of
glass are:
1.Blowing uses compressed air form the molten glass in
the cavity of metal mold.
2.In drawing , molten glass is pulled through dies or
rollers that shape the soft glass.
3. In pressing mechanical force is used to press the
molten glass against the side of a mold.
4. Casting uses gravity or centrifugal force to cause
molten glass to form in the cavity of mold.
20. TYPES OF GLASS
Type I—Highly resistant borosilicate glass
Type II—Treated soda lime glass
Type III—soda lime glass
NP—soda glass (non parenteral usage)
21. Type I-borosilicate glass
Alkalinity is removed by using boric oxide to neutralized the
oxide of potassium and sodium
It is highly resistant glass.
It has high melting point so can with stand high temperatures.
It is more chemically inert than the soda lime glass
It can resist strong acids,alkalies and all types of solvents.
Reduced leaching action.
USES:
Laboratory glass apparatus.
For injection and water for injection.
22. Type II-treated soda lime glass
Type II containers are made of commercial soda lime
glass that
has been dealkalized or treated to remove surface alkali
The de-alkalizing process is know as sulphur treatment.
Sulfur treatment neutralizes the alkaline oxides on the
surface, rendering the glass more chemically resistant.
Uses: Used for alkali sensitive products. Infusion fluids,
blood and plasma.
Large volume container.
23. Type III or regular soda lime glass is commericla soda
lime glass of average chemical resistence .
Type IV or NP glass as the name indicates is not for
parentral products and is made of soda lime glass .this
type of glass is used for oral or topical used.
24. PLASTICS
Plastics may be defined as any group of
substances, of natural or synthetic origins,
consisting polymers of high molecular weight
that can be moulded into a shape or form by heat
and pressure.
25. Advantages
1. Less weight than glass,
2. flexible
3.Variety of sizes and shapes
4.Essentially chemically inert, strong, rigid Safety use,
high quality, various designs.
5.Extremely resistant to breakage.
27. TYPES OF PLASTICS
Thermosetting type –
When heated they may become flexible but they do
not become liquid
e.g. Urea formaldehyde (UF),Phenol formaldehyde
,Melamine
formaldehyde (MF), Epoxy resins (epoxides),
Polyurethanes (PURs)
28. Thermoplastic type
On heating they are soften to viscous fluid which harden
again on cooling. e.g. Polyethylene{HDPE – LDPE},
Polyvinylchloride(PVC),Polystyrene Polypropylene,
Nylon(PA), Polyethylene terepthalate(PET)
,Polyvinylidene chloride(PVdC), Polycarbonate
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene(ABS)
29. RUBBER
Rubber is used mainly for the construction of
closure meant for vials, transfusion fluid bottles,
dropping bottles and as washers in many other
types of product
30. Butyl rubber
Merits
permeability to water vapour .
Water absorption is very low.
They are relatively cheaper compared to other synthetic
rubbers.
Demerits:
Slow decomposition takes place above 130 ▫ C.
Oil and solvent resistance is not very good.
31. Nitrile rubber
Merits
Resistant due to polar nitrile group.
Heat resistant.
Demerits :
Absorption of bactericide and leaching of
extractives are considerable
chloroprene rubbers
Merits -oil resistant. heat stability is good
32. Silicon rubber
Merits
Heat resistance.
Extremely low absorption and permeability of water.
Excellent aging characteristic.
Demerits :
They are very expensive.
33. AEROSAL PACKAGING
"Aerosol is a pressurized dosage forms
containing one or more therapeutic active
ingredients which upon actuation emit a fine
dispersion of liquid and/or solid materials in a
gaseous medium".
34. Aerosol principle
the simple principle upon which the
mechanicm is based is that a compressed or
liquefied gas exrerts a force upon the internal
surface of the container in which the gas is
enclosed .
The pressure of an aerosol system refers to the
pressure exerted by the vapour within the
container.
35. COMPONENTS OF AEROSOL PACKAGING
1.propellants
2.containers
3.valve and actuator
4.product concentrate
36. 1.Propellants
it is responsible for developing the pressure within the
container and expels the product when the valve is opened .
Classes of propellants ;
liquefied gases :
a.fluorinated hydrocarbons
b.hydrocarbons –butane , isobutane ,propane
Compressed gases
a. insoluble in water… e.g nitrogen ,argon ,
b.Soluble in water e.g carbondioxide ,nitrous oxide
37. 2.Container :
various materials have been used for the
manufacture of aerosol containers , which
withstand pressure as high as 140 to 180 psig at
130 degree F.
types of containers
1.metal
2.glass
3.Synthetic resind and plastic
4.valves
38. Advantages of aerosols
1. Convenience ,sped and ease of application
2. Efficient dispersion of medicament
3. A dose can be removed without contamination of the
remaining material .
4. Direct local application
5. Absence of manual contact of medicament
39. Disadvantages
1.It damages the ozone layer of the earth ,causing increase
of UV radiation leading to skin cancer .