The document provides an overview of educational policies in Pakistan from 1992-1998 regarding school education. Some key points: - The 1992 National Education Policy aimed to achieve universal primary education and adult literacy. It established primary education as a basic right and targeted increasing primary enrollment from 66.3% to 99.1% by 2002. - The policy focused on improving primary education quality by training teachers and developing curricula and textbooks. It also aimed to expand facilities through new schools and improving existing infrastructure. - The 1998 policy revised and extended goals to 2010, integrating primary and middle school as elementary education and increasing enrollment at both levels. It planned to expand facilities through new schools and upgrading existing primary schools.

1. Educational policy & planning

2. Topic:
overview of educational policies
1992-98 with respect of school
education

3. Historical Overview
 The seventh five year plan (1988-93)
envisioned that every child ages 5 years and
above would have assess to either a primary
school or a comparable, less comprehensive
mass school.
 This goal was not achieve because of financial
constraints and inadequate infrastructure.
 In 1990 the picture of Pakistan with reference
to literacy rate looks like very bleak as almost
two-thirds the countries‘ was illiterate.

4. Cont…
 The world conference on education for all
(EFA),agreed to universalize primary education
and reduce illiteracy before the end of the
decade.
 As a result, variety of new challenges and
social needs made it imperative for the
government to formulate and implement a
new education policy in the frame work of
(EFA).

5. National education policy 1992
This policy was designed by assessing future
needs and demands of the country
particularly in primary education and adult
literacy.
It served as a conceptual framework for future
EFA strategies and programs and set of the
following policy targets.

6. Primary Education
 Primary education was recognized as a
fundamental right of every Pakistani child and
would be made compulsory and free in order
to achieve universal primary education.
 The medium of instruction would be
determined by the provinces.

7. Cont…
• For improving the quality of education at
primary level, special measures would be
adopted.
• In due course of time, primary education
would be transformed into basic education
(elementary education extending to class VIII).
The participation rate at primary level would
be increased from 66.3% to 99.1% in 2002.

8. Cont….
• For development of education in the private
sector education foundations were
established in each province as well as at the
federal level.
• The main purpose of such foundation was to
promote the participation of the private
sector in education, especially the rural
schools, by giving them grants and loans to fill
gaps in their educational budget.

9. Important provisions for
development of primary Education
• About 26500 new primary school teachers
would be trained.
• About 107000 new primary and mosque
schools would be opened.
• One room for each would be added in 20000
existing one room school.
• About 24750 shelter less primary schools
would be provided with two rooms each.

10. • The pay structure and service condition of
primary school teacher would be improved.
• Contributing factor of drop out would be
studied and appropriate input would be
designed to reduce wastage.
• In areas where female participation is low
special incentive program, would be
introduced to encourage the enrolment and
relaxation female student in school.
• Primary directorates would be created at
federal and provincial level.

11. • Teachers would be given training on the new
concepts introduced in curricula.
• The teaching kit would be upgraded.

12. literacy
 The policy pledged to achieve the target of
50% literacy rate by 1995.
 The provincial governments, NGOs and local
institutions would be actively involved both in
planning and implementation.

13. Quality of public instruction
 Precedence was given to the improvement in
the quality of public instruction.
 Major changes were introduced in
curricula
textbooks
teaching methods
evaluation techniques

14. Religious education
 The religious education was so directed as to
facilitate students to learn high ethical and
moral values encoded in the spirit of Islam.
 Quran Nazira would start from class one
and would be completed in three years.

15. National education policy 1998-2010
The education policy 1992 was revised in the
form of national educational policy 1998-2010
in order to face future challenges, fulfill the
needs and demands of the country and also to
honor international commitment regarding
EFA

16. Elementary education
Primary and middle level educations were
integrated into elementary education (I-VIII).
The quality of elementary education would be
improved by increasing the enrolment rate at
primary level from existing 71% to 90% by the
year 2002-03, and 105% by 2010.

17. Cont…
 As far as middle level was concerned, the policy
planned to increase participation rate from 46%
to 65% by 2002-03 and 85% by 2010.
 Access to elementary education would be
increased through effective and optimum
utilization of existing facilities and services as well
as provision of new facilities and services.
 katchi class at primary level was introduced as a
part of the effort to improve the achievement of
pupils.

18. Diversity of financial Resources
The policy promised to provide 31% increase
at primary level i.e. 45,000 new primary
schools and 54% enhancement in the number
of mosque schools i.e. 20,000 mosque schools
by the year 2010 in order to increase access to
educational facilities. the policy
recommended up-gradation of 45,000 primary
schools (200%) to middle/elementary level.

19. The policy also promised to remove disparities
and imbalances of all types and to promote
equity and equality in the provision of
educational opportunities to various strata of
the society.

20. Issues & constraints in Elementary
Education
 untrained teachers
 Weak supervision
 Teachers absenteeism
 Inadequate learning material

21. Secondary Education
 Secondary education (IIX-XII) is an important
sub- sector of the entire educational system. It
provides the middle level work force for the
economy as well as act as a support for higher
level education.
 The policy recommended the setting up of
one model secondary school at each district
level. Multiple text books were introduced at
secondary level.

22. Weakness in secondary education
• No efforts and investment on secondary
education had been made in past.
• Unplanned expansion and irrational
distribution of schools.
• Non serious provision of science and
mathematics teachers.
• Introduction of technical and vocational
education remained controversial issue.
• Physical facilities and textbook were
inadequate.