New education policy of India.

1.  Introduction
 Internal Mode
√ Characteristics
√ Diagram
√ Rationale for incremental model
 Usage of incremental model for analyzing
√ educational policy
√ background
√ Objectives of education policy
√ National Education Policy 2010
 Features
 Previous educational structure in Bangladesh
√ present education structure on the basis “National Educational Policy 2010” in Bangladesh
1. pre_-primary education
2. Primary education
3. Secondary education
4. Higher secondary level
 Limitation
 Recommendation
 Conclusion
 reference

2. introduction
 Education is the key to do a nation’s development. A
properly educated nation, which is modern in genesis,
an intellect and forward-looking in thinking, can only
put the country at the zenith of its development. So, we
need to extend our education system far and wide.
That’s why, a good education policy is needed to
achieve this purpose. Our educational policy making
system is based on incremental model, which is one of
the most popular models of public policy. It is free
from the problems of rational models. The “National
Education policy 2010” is made by incremental model

3. Incremental Model
Incremental public policy is the education of the post
government activities with only incremental modifications.
Political scientist Charles E.Lindbolmfirst presented the
incremental in the course of a critique of the traditional national
model. It looks at existing programs or policies and uses these as
a foundation ton improve change. Instead of crafting a new
program or policy from scratch it seeks to build upon and
improve what is already established. It is thought for as a
conservative policy making approach because policy makers
usually accepts programs or policy already in peace and may be
more likely to support improvement of them rather than looking
at something brand new and having to judge its legitimacy

4. Characteristics
 Incremental public policy is taken on the basis
of previous activities of government.
 The model categories its all purposes into
different categories.
 In this model, policies are made through
different amendments/correction
 Policy makers generally, accept the legitimacy of
established programs and tactility agree to
continue previous policies.

5. Rationale for International Model
 It takes less times
 It is very cost effective
 Political and financial advantages
 It reduce risks
 It is very effective to mitigate complication
Bangladesh government uses the incremental
model in education policy for the above reasons

6. Use of incremental model in
analyzing education policy
If we look at the characteristics of incremental
model, we can see that there are lots of
similarities between our education policy and
this model. The changes that has been brought
in our education system, hasn’t introduce in a
single period of time. It came through evolution
of time and social demand, which is the main
features of incremental model. It influences the
whole education policy to cope with
modernization

7. Education policy
Education policy is the principles an government
policy making in educational sphere as well as
the collection of laws and rules that govern the
operation of education system. It focuses on the
practical consequences if educational policy
decisions and alternatives. It examines the
relationship between educational policy and
educational practices

8. Objectives of educational policy
education serves many interest in promoting individual
development understanding and productivity that
contribute to adult productivity and wellbeing. The
objectives of education policy are given below:
1. To find sufficient place to meet current and future
parental demand for education.
2. To offer a meaningful and relevant learning
experience in all schools which will benefit all
students and also have economical and development
significant.

9. 3. To upgrade teaching and learning curricular teachers
qualifications and performance, physical facilities,
teaching and learning materials, minimum standards,
regulatory requirements, assessments, examinations
etc. within reasonable, affordable limits in order to
support to meaningful and relevant learning
experience required by studies.
4. To maximize the potential of all available national
resources in the most cost efficient manner in persuit
of these policy objectives

10. National education policy 2010
The national education policy 2010 was formed
under the leadership of honorable prime
minister Sheikh Hasina. The important aspects
of this policy is that emphasize on religion,
science and technical education, the policy seeks
to bring all students of the country, irrespective
of there religions, genders, physical limitation,
socio-economic and geographic location under
one system.

11. Features
1. Unified curriculum for general, madrasa and vocational
education up to secondary level
2. Primary education for five+ children
3. Compulsory primary education from class 1 to 8.
4. Secondary level from class 4 to 7.
5. All three years degree course to be made four years.
6. Religion, ethics education for all faiths up to secondary level.
7. Technical education institution at every upozilla.
8. Integrated education law to be formulated.
9. Permanent education commission to be formed

12. Structure of education system in
Bangladesh
1. Primary (1-5)
2. Secondary (6-10)
3. Higher secondary (9-12)
 Present structure of education system on the basis of nation Education
Policy-2010
Bangladesh govt. Has been changed the existing education system by national
education policy-2010.
It includes:
1. pre-primary(3-6 years old)
2. Primary level (1-8)
3. Secondary level (9-10)
4. Higher secondary (11-12)

13. Pre-primary education:
Pre-primary education is the preparatory stays
for the formal education. It aimed at inspiring
children to learn and to go to school and
cultivating their senses.
Number of schools that has introduce pre-
primary education:

14. Types of schools
Govt. primary school
School-36,843
Students-12,72,290
Private primary school
School-19877
Students-587381

15. Before the children begin their formal education it is necessary
to create an environment conducive to the growth of the
universal human dispossession like the sense of endless wonder,
infinite curiosity, joy and inexhaustibly fervor that recite in the
deep recesses of the infantile psyche in 1997 primary education
purpose to make the children habituated to come to school and
remove their school phobia. In education policy 2010, pre-
primary education has been mandatory for all children.
According to this policy from 2011 shishushreni has been
introduced in all primary schools.

16. Primary Education
Primary education is the basis of building up a skilled and the path to include
the whole population. It is the constitutional responsibility of the
government.
 charging trends in primary level:
1. education: in 1974, govt. passed “The Primary School Act 1974” act and
nationalized 36165 private primary school as govt., primary schools and
introduced full free primary education system. Recently, in 2013 govt. has
declared to nationalize more than 26193 private primary schools as govt.
primary schools.
2. Compulsory primary education: In 1990 government passed “Primary
education Act 1990” and the act was implemented in 1992. in addition since
1992 in case of teachers recruitment 605 seats were reserved for women.

17. 3. Shikkhar binimoye khaddo kormosuchi: To include poor children within
the education system ,in 1993 govt. introduced sikkhar binimoye khaddo
kormosuchi,which seemed very useful. As a result of theses program the
primary education rate increased from 77%btob87% in 1994.
4. Providings stipends: after that govt. introduced “upobritty kormosuchi
instead of “sikkhar binimoye khaddo kormosuchi” whaich wa named as
“Primary Education Development Program”(PEDP-2). The duration of
this program has been increased to 2009. the aim of this program is to
increase the standard of primary education and to achieve MDG’s goals.
5. Introducing primary school Certificate Exam: To improve the standard of
primary education and reduce the number of school dropped students
govt. has initiated “Primary School Certificate Exam”since 2009

18. Secondary education
To import quality education at the primary level to extend and consolidate the knowledge acquired
during primary education to help the students acquire a strong foundation of quality higher
education changing trends in secondary education govt. has taken different steps to increase
the standard of higher secondary level. They are discuses below:
1. Changing structure of secondary educational level:
in the new academic structure the secondary level of
education is comprise of 7(3+2+2) years of formal schooling. The first three years (Grade 6
to 8) is referred to as junior secondary,the next two years (Grade 9-10) is secondary while the
last two years (grade 11-12) is called higher secondary education. According to the Education
policy 2010 govt. has initiated junior school certificate examination since November 2010. on
completion of class 10, a public examination will be awarded will class 12 based on the score
of this exam.
2. Privatization text book publication:
in independent text book education committee has been
formed by NCTB to maintain the standard level of text book.
3. Expanding free education:
Education policy 2010 the policy expands free education up to class 8 from
the previous.

19. 4. Providing stipends for school going girls:
since 1994, the govt. introduced a stipend program to increase the
participation of girls in secondary and higher secondary level all over the country.
5. Reservation of 30% seats for women in teaching profession:
to increase women’s participation in teaching
profession in secondary level govt. has reserved 30% seats for women . Govt. has taken a
project named “program to motivate train and employee female teachers” to fulfill this
purpose.
6. Creative education system:
The govt. of Bangladesh has come up with a new dimensional strategy to
improve qualitative standard of education system. Govt. has initiated creative education
system since 2010 to promote students innovation and creativity.
7. Introducing grading system:
Bangladesh Govt. has introduced grading system to standardize education
system since 2010. in addition to this another step has been taken to crack-down corruption in
public exam in 2013. and the program has been successful to remove that

20. 8. Free books distribution:
Bangladesh govt. introduced free
books distribution program in secondary level since
2010 to ensure all-embracing education system. This
program encourages the poor students to continue their
education.
9. Teacher-student ratio:
according to the educaation policy
2010, teacher-student ratio will have to be progressively
raised in phases 1:30 by 2018

21. Some other steps have been taken by
the govt. which are given below:-
 Introduction of ICT in education system
 School performance based assessment
 Teaching quality improvement (TQI) project.
 Secondary education sector development project
(SESDP)

22. Higher secondary level:
On completion of class 12 another public exam will be held which will be called higher secondary exam.
 changing trends in higher secondary system :
B Bangladeshesh govt. has formulated some necessary
measures to cope with the globalization and modernization in recent times. Some of these steps are given
below:
1. Stipend program:
since 1994 the govt. has launched stipend program in higher secondary education level to increase the rate of
women’s education. It was very fruitful in increasing the level of women participation.
2. Grading system:
The govt. of Bangladesh introduced grading system of evaluate students merit since 2003 in higher
secondary level.
3. Providing stipends to the meritorious students:
stipends has been offered for their studies on the bais of results in higher
secondary education since 2004 by the govt. of Bangladesh
4. Introducing creative education system:
To reduce students dependency on cramming and guidebook Bangladesh govt.
has launched creative questionnaire system in HSC in 2010.

23. Adult and non-formal education:
Bangladesh is one of the largest illiterate
populated countries of the world. At present,
only 49% population above the age of 15 is
literate, which means 51% population of this
age is still illiterate. The objectives of adult and
Non-formal education of the “Education policy
2010” will make all the adult citizens of the
country literate by year 2014.

24. Limitations:
Bangladesh education policy follows the incremental model, so it
is not free from the defects of instrumentalism. Some limitations
are given below:
 Unfortunately 43 years have passed since our emergence as a free
nation, but no education policy has been put to implementation.
 policy makers haven’t enough time, financial support and
intelligence to evaluate the alternatives of the existing education
policy.
 it lacks good planning and design.
 it needs a clear and complete definition of the hole system
before it can be broken down and built incrementally.

25.  Total cost is higher than waterfall.
 its main objective is to achieve political
interests.
 It considers only previous experience but it fails
to keep pace with changing situation.
 policy makers are afraid of taking new
programs or policies for uncertainity.

26. Recommendation:
There are some recommendations regarding these
aspects:
1. Implementation process should be clear to the
responsible bodies.
2. Finincial support should be strong for designing and
implementing the whole process.
3. Policy design should be more planned and specific.
4. Policy evaluation should be done properly.
5. Intelligent and skilled persons should be appointed
for policy making and evaluation.

27. Conclusion:
Education is recognized as one of the major
elements for building an empowered knowledge
based society to meet the demands and
challenges of the twenty first. This education
policy will work as a basis for an education
system suitable for the delivery of education
which will be pro-people, easily available,
uniform, universal, well planned, science
oriented and high standard as a strategy to
continue all problems.