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This document discusses infertility, including its definition, causes, examinations, and treatment methods. It notes that infertility is defined as two years of unprotected intercourse without pregnancy. The main causes of infertility are listed as female factors (40-55%), male factors (25-40%), and both male and female factors (10%). Examinations for infertility include history, physical exam, laboratory tests such as hormone levels and semen analysis, and imaging like ultrasounds and HSG. Treatment methods covered include ovulation induction, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IUI, IVF-ET, and GIFT.
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The document discusses infertility, including its definition, types, causes, diagnostic evaluation, and management. It begins by defining infertility as the failure to conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse. It then discusses the various causes of infertility in both males and females, which can be due to problems with ovulation, the fallopian tubes, sperm production, or other factors. The document outlines the diagnostic tests used to evaluate infertility, including history, examination, hormone levels, imaging, and tests of the fallopian tubes. It concludes by stating that the management of infertility depends on the identified causes, duration of infertility, and age of the couple.
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Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse if the woman is under 35 years old, or after 6 months if the woman is over 35. Approximately 15% of reproductive couples struggle with infertility. Both male and female factors can contribute to infertility, with common causes including problems with ovulation, fallopian tubes, uterine or cervical factors, as well as hormonal imbalances, autoimmune disorders, and genetic conditions. A full medical workup evaluates both partners and may include tests to assess hormone levels, egg reserve, sperm count, thyroid function, and more. While the causes of infertility can be complex, many cases can be treated successfully with lifestyle changes, medication, surgery, or assisted
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Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. It can be caused by issues with ovulation, the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, or vagina in women or by low sperm count or quality, obstruction, or ejaculation issues in men. Diagnostic evaluation involves medical histories, physical exams, and lab tests of both partners. Treatment may include medications to stimulate ovulation, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, gamete intrafallopian transfer, or zygote intrafallopian transfer depending on the causes of infertility.
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The document discusses infertility, its causes and treatments. It defines infertility as the inability to conceive after one year of regular unprotected sex. Approximately 10-15% of couples experience infertility, with female factors accounting for 60% of cases, male factors 30% and both male and female factors in 10% of cases. Common female causes include problems with ovulation, fallopian tubes or cervical factors. Common male causes include abnormal sperm production or function. Treatments aim to address the specific cause, and may include ovulation induction medications, surgery, assisted reproduction technologies like IUI or IVF.
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This document discusses infertility, including its definition, causes, diagnostic evaluation, and management. It notes that infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. The causes of infertility can be male factors related to sperm production or transport, female factors related to ovulation or egg/hormone problems, or combined factors in both partners. Diagnostic evaluation involves medical histories, physical exams, sperm analysis, hormone testing, imaging of reproductive organs, and other tests to identify treatable causes. Management depends on the underlying causes and may include lifestyle changes, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies like IVF, or alternatives to childbirth like adoption.
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The document discusses infertility, including its definition, types, causes, diagnostic evaluation, and management. It begins by defining infertility as the failure to conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse. It then discusses the various causes of infertility in both males and females, which can be due to problems with ovulation, the fallopian tubes, sperm production, or other factors. The document outlines the diagnostic tests used to evaluate infertility, including history, examination, hormone levels, imaging, and tests of the fallopian tubes. It concludes by stating that the management of infertility depends on the identified causes, duration of infertility, and age of the couple.
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Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of unprotected intercourse. It can be caused by issues with ovulation, the fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, or vagina in women or by low sperm count or quality, obstruction, or ejaculation issues in men. Diagnostic evaluation involves medical histories, physical exams, and lab tests of both partners. Treatment may include medications to stimulate ovulation, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, gamete intrafallopian transfer, or zygote intrafallopian transfer depending on the causes of infertility.
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Infertility 不孕症 2006网上教材
The document discusses infertility and assisted reproductive technologies. It defines infertility as unprotected intercourse without pregnancy for two years. Female factors that can cause infertility include problems with ovulation, the fallopian tubes, uterus, or cervical issues. Male factors include abnormal sperm production or function. Treatments discussed include ovulation induction, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Complications of ART like multiple gestations and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are also mentioned.
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The document discusses infertility and assisted reproductive technologies. It defines infertility as unprotected intercourse without pregnancy for two years. Female factors that can cause infertility include problems with ovulation, the fallopian tubes, uterus, or cervical issues. Male factors include abnormal sperm production or function. Treatments discussed include ovulation induction, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Complications of ART like multiple gestations and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are also mentioned.
Infertility 不孕症 2006网上教材
The document discusses infertility and assisted reproductive technologies. It defines infertility as unprotected intercourse without pregnancy for two years. Female factors that can cause infertility include problems with ovulation, the fallopian tubes, uterus, or cervical issues. Male factors include abnormal sperm production or function. Treatments discussed include ovulation induction, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like intrauterine insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), and gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). Complications of ART like multiple gestations and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome are also mentioned.
Infertility
Infertility can be caused by female or male factors and is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of regular unprotected sex. Common causes include problems with ovulation, the fallopian tubes, sperm quality, or other issues. Treatment may include fertility drugs to stimulate ovulation, surgery to repair damaged reproductive organs, artificial insemination (IUI), in vitro fertilization (IVF), or other assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like GIFT or ZIFT. The goal of treatment is to address the underlying cause of infertility and increase the chances of conception and pregnancy.
Infertility
1. The document discusses infertility, including its definition, types, prevalence, causes, investigations, and management for both female and male infertility.
2. For female infertility, common causes include ovulatory disorders, tubal/peritoneal factors, and endometriosis. Investigations evaluate ovulation and tubal patency. Treatments target the underlying cause and may include drugs, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies.
3. For male infertility, common causes are genetic defects, hormonal issues, varicocele, infections, and lifestyle factors. Investigations include semen analysis and hormone levels. Treatments include correcting underlying issues, surgery, hormones, and assisted reproduction.
Subfertility/infertility
subfertility definition
infertility causes ,diagnosis and management
including female infertility and male infertility
INFERTILITY.pptx
This document discusses infertility in both males and females. It defines primary and secondary infertility and lists various factors that can cause infertility in males and females. For males, it discusses abnormalities of sperm, erection, ejaculation and seminal fluid. For females, it discusses disorders of ovulation, fallopian tubes, cervix and recurrent pregnancy loss. It also discusses diagnostic tests and treatments for infertility including fertility drugs, assisted reproductive technologies like IVF, and surrogacy.
INFERTILITY.pptx
This document discusses various factors that can cause infertility in males and females. It describes abnormalities that can impair sperm production or function in males such as low sperm count, abnormal sperm morphology or motility. It also discusses erection or ejaculation issues. In females, it mentions disorders of ovulation, fallopian tube abnormalities, cervical issues, or recurrent pregnancy loss as factors. Some diagnostic tests and treatments for infertility are also outlined such as semen analysis, ovulation predictor kits, fertility drugs, artificial insemination, IVF etc.
Infertility
This document summarizes a seminar on male reproductive system disorders presented by Nikhil Vaishnav. It defines infertility as failure to conceive within one year of unprotected sex. There are two types of infertility - primary where couples have never conceived, and secondary where difficulty conceiving occurs after an initial conception. Infertility affects 1 in 7 couples and can be due to issues with sperm production, obstruction, ejaculation problems, or seminal fluid abnormalities in the male partner. Causes include genetic factors, infections, medications, lifestyle, and endocrine or structural abnormalities. Diagnosis involves medical history, exams, semen analysis, and hormone or genetic testing. Treatment focuses on improving general health, avoiding medications, using fertility drugs or therapies
Delayed Puberty Topics in Adolescent Gynecology Delayed Puberty Topics in A...
This document discusses delayed puberty in adolescent girls. It begins by outlining normal pubertal development and defining delayed puberty. Delayed puberty is then classified into three categories: hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (43%), hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (31%), and eugonadism (26%). For evaluation and management, the document recommends obtaining a history, physical exam, initial labs (TSH, prolactin), and a progestational challenge to determine gonadotropin levels and identify underlying causes. Treatment strategies aim to correct the underlying pathology, prevent disease complications, and provide sex steroids.
Assessment and preparation of infertile couples before icsi
This document provides information about infertility, its causes and treatments. It defines infertility as the failure to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sex. It discusses infertility as a disability according to the WHO. It also defines terms like subfertility, assisted reproductive technology (ART), in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and their procedures. The document discusses the evaluation process for infertility including history, examination, ovarian reserve testing and semen analysis. It provides details about the IVF/ICSI cycle steps and frequently asked questions about success rates, costs, bed rest after embryo transfer and religious aspects.
Ambiguous genitalia .....
Ambiguous genitalia refers to a condition where an infant's genitals do not appear clearly male or female. It occurs in about 1 in 2,000 births and is often due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia. A team approach is needed for diagnosis and management, including karyotyping, medical history, physical exam, imaging, and sometimes biopsy. The goals of treatment are to ensure sexual function, fertility, and psychological well-being. Hormone therapy and surgery may be used to treat the condition.
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The document discusses infertility, including its definition, types, causes, diagnostic evaluation, and management. It aims to provide nursing students an in-depth understanding of infertility, including defining it as the inability to conceive after one year of regular unprotected intercourse. It covers male and female factors that can cause infertility, diagnostic tests like hysterosalpingography and laparoscopy, and discusses managing infertility based on its identified causes.
Subfertility (Infertility)
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Source: Ten Teachers OBGYN
infertility.pptx
This document discusses the management of infertility. It begins with definitions and classifications of infertility. Evaluation involves a medical history and physical exam for both males and females. Common causes of infertility in males include infection, trauma, and exposure to toxins, while common causes in females include disorders of ovulation, fallopian tube damage or blockage, endometriosis, and uterine issues. Treatment options discussed include counseling, lifestyle changes, ovulation induction with clomiphene or aromatase inhibitors, gonadotropins, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization, and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The goal is to stimulate follicle development and ovulation or perform fertilization procedures to increase the chances of conception.
Approach to infertility by dr.bagasi
The document provides an overview of infertility, including definitions, causes, evaluation, and management approaches for both male and female infertility. It defines infertility as the inability to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse in women under 35 or 6 months in women over 35. Common causes include male factors like hypogonadism or sperm defects, female ovulatory dysfunction, tubal damage, endometriosis, and unexplained causes. Evaluation of infertility involves history, physical exam, semen analysis, hormonal testing, imaging, and genetic testing as indicated. Management depends on the identified cause and may include lifestyle changes, medications, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies, or donor gametes.
Basics of IVF for GP
- Infertility is a problem through out and increasing rates noticed.
- The successful birth of a “Test Tube Baby”, Louise Brown occurred in 1978 in Oldham General Hospital, U.K.
- Roberts G. Edwards; the physiologist who developed the treatment was awarded the noble prize in Medicine in 2010.
Infertility Overview, Approach and Evaluation
This presentation covers the topic such as Male & Female Infertility Overview, approach & evaluation. Infertility is a condition in couples, failed to get a successful pregnancy after twelve months of timed unprotected intercourse or therapeutic donor insemination.
Eden fertility center serves as a unique fertility clinic with advanced facilities and state-of-the-art equipment to ensure excellent patient care. We deliver possibly the most advanced fertility treatments in Newport Beach & Fullerton CA
Eden Centers for Advanced Fertility offers patients the most advanced treatment solutions & also gives excellent quality patient care. We are a group of highly trained specialists who've innovative concepts for fertility treatment depending on three main principles: individualized personal care, excellent medical service & effective benefits.
Services We Offer -
Fertility Treatments
Third-Party Reproduction
Genetic Testing
Male Infertility
Egg Freezing - Oocyte Preservation
Fertility Preservation
Laparoscopy 3
Infertility affects approximately 14-20% of couples in the US. Common causes include female ovulatory disorders (30-40%), male factor issues (30%), and tubal damage (16%). A thorough evaluation involves a detailed history and physical exam of both partners, as well as tests to evaluate ovarian function, tubal patency, uterine health, and male factors. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause, but may include ovulation induction, intrauterine insemination, surgery, and assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization. Infertility can have significant emotional impacts and its evaluation and treatment require a multi-disciplinary approach.
Fertility Options: IVF Overview
Mark Perloe, MD Atlanta, 404-843-2229 Learn about the factors that can adversely affect fertility and the tests that can help pinpoint problems. Fertility treatment options including IVF and other high tech options are presented.
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The document discusses various ethical, legal and social issues (ELSI) related to stem cell and advanced biomedical research. It notes that societies' prevailing views on life, ethics and values will influence how such research is conducted and its results applied. While sciences aim for progress, society must properly address ELSI to avoid lost opportunities or deterring research. Key issues include what constitutes life and humanity, commercialization of human materials, intellectual property rights, and religious and legal views on topics like embryo use and cloning. Countries differ in their stances with no global consensus. Infrastructure and guidelines are needed to help navigate these complex issues.
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The document discusses several topics related to women in stem cell science:
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2. Women lag behind men in starting companies and obtaining patents from their research, reducing opportunities for their discoveries to reach patients and for them to receive credit.
3. Workplace culture must better support balancing family and work obligations to retain women scientists.
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Ovary Hyperstimulation 3
This document discusses infertility, including its definition, causes, examinations, and treatment methods. It notes that infertility is defined as two years of unprotected intercourse without pregnancy. The main causes of infertility are listed as female factors (40-55%), male factors (25-40%), and both male and female factors (10%). Examinations for infertility include history, physical exam, laboratory tests such as hormone levels and semen analysis, and imaging like ultrasounds and HSG. Treatment methods covered include ovulation induction, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IUI, IVF-ET, and GIFT. Complications of ART are also outlined.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
1) Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a potential complication of ovulation induction characterized by ovarian enlargement and fluid accumulation in the abdomen and chest.
2) Risk factors include younger age, lower weight, use of gonadotropins for ovulation induction, and conception during treatment.
3) Symptoms range from mild abdominal discomfort to life-threatening complications due to shift of fluid from blood vessels into third spaces. Mild cases resolve on their own while severe cases require hospitalization and management of fluid and electrolyte balance.
Ovary Hyperstimulation 1
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of irregular periods and infertility in women of reproductive age, affecting 5-10% of women. It is associated with increased levels of androgens and insulin resistance. Women with PCOS have an increased risk of health issues like endometrial cancer and cardiovascular disease. The syndrome was first described in 1935 and involves bilateral polycystic ovaries seen on imaging. Hyperinsulinism correlates with increased androgen levels in women with PCOS.
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This document discusses infertility, including its definition, causes, examinations, and treatment methods. It notes that infertility is defined as two years of unprotected intercourse without pregnancy. The main causes of infertility are listed as female factors (40-55%), male factors (25-40%), and both male and female factors (10%). Examinations for infertility include medical history, physical exam, laboratory tests such as hormone levels and semen analysis, and imaging like ultrasounds and hysterosalpingograms. Common treatment methods for female infertility include ovulation induction, surgery to repair fallopian tubes, and assisted reproductive technologies (ART) like IUI, IVF, and GIFT.
Laparoscopy 2
This document discusses whether surgery improves fertility outcomes for women with endometriosis. It reviews several studies that have looked at IVF success rates and spontaneous pregnancy rates after surgery for mild versus severe endometriosis. The document also presents unpublished data from a study of 261 women who underwent laparoscopic excision for stage III/IV endometriosis, finding a 79.7% spontaneous pregnancy rate. It concludes that while surgery is generally recommended for stage I/II endometriosis, the role of surgery for stage III/IV endometriosis remains controversial in improving fertility outcomes due to a lack of large, prospective studies.
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1) Laparoscopic ablation of minimal or mild endometriosis in women with subfertility aims to increase pregnancy rates but evidence from randomized trials is limited and inconclusive.
2) Two randomized trials found slightly higher pregnancy rates with ablation but the number needed to treat was high at 8 women to achieve one additional pregnancy.
3) A prospective cohort study found no significant difference in fecundity rates between women with minimal/mild endometriosis and unexplained infertility.
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome
1) Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a condition characterized by ovarian enlargement and fluid accumulation in the abdomen and sometimes lungs, due to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for fertility treatments.
2) Risk factors include younger age, lower weight, use of gonadotropins like hMG for fertility treatments, high estrogen levels, and pregnancy.
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Diagnostic Hysteroscopy Patel
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A 22-year-old woman presents with amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Her prolactin level is elevated at 95 μg/l and MRI reveals a small pituitary tumor. Prolactinomas are the most common cause of hyperprolactinemia and can lead to infertility and hypogonadism by disrupting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Treatment options for microadenomas include dopamine agonists which can normalize prolactin levels and restore fertility.
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Hyperprolactinemia is caused by increased levels of the hormone prolactin, which is regulated by the hypothalamus. Elevated prolactin levels can be caused by hypothalamic or pituitary tumors, systemic diseases, or certain drugs. Common symptoms of hyperprolactinemia in females include menstrual irregularities and galactorrhea, while males commonly experience symptoms related to mass effects of tumors such as headaches. Treatment options for hyperprolactinemia depend on the size and invasiveness of tumors, and may include dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine or surgery.
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The treatment consists of replacing lost liquids and electrolytes (drinking drinking water and other recommended liquids, including consumption of juicy fruits such as papayas, apples, pears, among others that contain water in their composition).
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2. **Clogged Pores:** When dead skin cells and oil block hair follicles, bacteria (usually Propionibacterium acnes) can thrive, causing inflammation and acne lesions.
3. **Hormonal Factors:** Fluctuations in hormone levels, such as during puberty, menstrual cycles, pregnancy, or certain medical conditions, can contribute to acne.
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- **Blackheads:** Open plugged pores with a dark surface.
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- **Nodules:** Large, solid, painful lumps beneath the surface.
- **Cysts:** Painful, pus-filled lumps beneath the surface that can cause scarring.
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