Infertility affects approximately 14-20% of couples in the US. Common causes include female ovulatory disorders (30-40%), male factor issues (30%), and tubal damage (16%). A thorough evaluation involves a detailed history and physical exam of both partners, as well as tests to evaluate ovarian function, tubal patency, uterine health, and male factors. Treatment options depend on the underlying cause, but may include ovulation induction, intrauterine insemination, surgery, and assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization. Infertility can have significant emotional impacts and its evaluation and treatment require a multi-disciplinary approach.