Infertility is defined as the failure to achieve a clinical pregnancy after 12 months of regular unprotected sex. The document summarizes the causes of infertility in both men and women, which include issues like PCOS, low sperm count, age, obesity, genetics, and environmental factors. It also outlines the types of infertility, risk factors, diagnostic tests, and medical and surgical treatment options. The nursing management of infertility focuses on reducing anxiety and increasing knowledge through education and counseling.

1. Practice Teaching
on
Presenter
Meha

2. Infertility
Introduction

3. Definition of Infertility
Infertility is “a disease of the reproductive
system defined by the failure to achieve a
clinical pregnancy after 12 months.”

4. ANATOMY

5. Causes of Infertility

6. Causes of infertility in women
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS):
Functional hypothalamic amenorrhea
Diminished ovarian reserve (DOR).
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI)
Menopause

7. CAUSES OF INFERTILITY IN
MEN
Low sperm count
Low sperm mobility (motility
Abnormal sperm
Genetic factors
Mumps:
Hypospadias
Cystic fibrosis
Radiation therapy

8. Some medications increase the risk
of fertility problems in men.
Anabolic
steroids
Chemotherapy
Illegal drugs
Age
Sulfasalazine
Exposure to chemicals
Excess alcohol consumption
Overweight or obesity
Mental stress

9. Types of Infertility
• Primary infertility : couple has never produced
a pregnancy
• Secondary infertility : woman has previously
been pregnant, regardless of the outcome, and
now is unable to conceive

10. Risk factors
Age
Smoking
Alcohol
Being obese or
overweight
Eating
disorders
Diet
Exerc
ise

11. Diagnostic test
History and
physical
examination
Transvaginal
ultrasound .
Laboratory
testing .
Hysterosalping
ogram (HSG)
Semen
analysis

12. Treatment

13. Medical Treatment
• Clomiphene citrate
• Human menopausal gonadotropin or hMG
• Follicle-stimulating hormone or FSH
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone.
• Metformin
• Bromocriptine

14. Non Surgical
Management

15. Insemination
In Vitro
Fertilization
(IVF.
Zygote
intrafallopian
transfer (ZIFT).
Gamete
intrafallopian
transfer (GIFT
Surrogacy

16. Surgical
Intervention

18. • Surgery to remove tissue that is blocking
fertility (such as endometriosis) or to open
blocked fallopian tubes

19. NURSING ASSESSMENT

20. NURSING DIAGNOSIS
• Anxiety Related to unable to conceive
• Knowledge deficient regarding reproduction,
contraception, self-care
• Risk for spiritual distress

21. Prevention of Infertility in women
• Take steps to prevent sexually transmitted
diseases
• Avoid illicit drugs
• Avoid heavy or frequent alcohol use
• Adopt good personal hygiene and health
practices
• Have annual check ups with your GYN once you
are sexually active

22. Summarization
• Introduction
• Definition
• Anatomy
• Causes of infertility
• Types of Infertility
• Risk factors of infertility
• Diagnostic findings of infertility
• Medical Management of infertility
• Nursing Management of Infertility
• Prevention

24. References
• Medical News Today . Infertility: Causes, diagnosis, risks, and treatments .
Cited on Jan 4, 2018 https://www.medical news today .com/articles
/165748.php
• CDC . Infertility | Reproductive Health. Cited on Apr 18, 2018.
https://www.cdc.gov/reproductive health/infertility/index.htm
• MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia . Infertility.
cited on Aug 26, 2017.https:// medlineplus.gov › Medical Encyclopedia
• SlideShare . Infertility. Cited on Dec 30, 2010
https://www.slideshare.net/ebwhs/infertility-6409342
• Suddarth’s brunner . Text book of medical surgical nursing. 9th
ed.
Lippincott;2001