This document provides an overview of the analysis of various body fluids, including pleural, pericardial, peritoneal, synovial, and ascitic fluids. It discusses the sample collection, gross inspection, and microscopic analysis of these fluids. Key points covered include diagnostic tests for identifying conditions like pleurisy, pericarditis, tuberculous peritonitis, gout, and arthritis. Procedures like thoracentesis, paracentesis, arthrocentesis, and pericardiocentesis used to collect fluid samples are also outlined. The learning objectives are to recall sample collection and analysis of these body fluids and become familiar with related chemical, immunological, microbiological and functional tests.

1. MODULE 2
OTHER BODY FLUIDS
Pleural, Pericardial,Peritonial, Synovial &
Ascitic

2. Course outcome
• On completion of this lecture, student
can be able to Conduct analysis of body
fluids/ samples

3. Learning outcomes
• Can recall sample collection, gross inspection and routine
microscopic analysis of various body fluids such as:
 Pleural,
 Pericardial,
 Peritonial,
 Synovial and
 Ascitic fluids
• To be briefly familiar with various chemical, immunological,
microbiological and function tests of Pleural, Pericardial,
Peritonial, Synovial and Ascitic fluids

4. Contents
1. Pleural fluid
2. Pericardial fluid
3. Peritonial fluid
4. Synovial fluid
5. Ascitic fluid

5. INTRODUCTION

13. Formation of Serous fluids

14. Causes of Effusion

15. Meaning

22. General Laboratory
Procedures
1. Apparance—including classification as a
transudate or exudate,
2. pH,
3. Volume,
4. Color ,
5. cell count and differential count,
6. Chemical analysis,
7. Microbiology Tests,
8. cytology procedures—is performed in the same
manner on all serous fluids.

25. Confirmation of Pleural effusion

27. Thoracentesis

28. Thoracentesis procedure

30. 1. Pleural Fluid

31. Pleural fluid apperance

32. Significance of puss cells in pleural fluid

33. Cytological examination

34. Chemical examination of pleural fluid

35. Microbiologic and Serologic Tests
for pleural fluid examiantion
• Microorganisms primarily associated with pleural effusions
include
• Staphylococcus aureus,
• Enterobacteriaceae,
• anaerobes, and
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
• Gram stains, cultures (both
• aerobic and anaerobic), acid-fast stains, and mycobacteria
• cultures are performed on pleural fluid when clinically
indicated.
• Serologic testing of pleural fluid is used to differentiate

37. 2. Pericardial Fluid examination

38. Pericardial effusion

39. Confirmation of Pericarditis

40. Pericardiocentesis

41. Guided Pericardiocentesis

42. Pericardiocentesis

43. Reasons for PCE

46. Properties of PCF
• Normally, only a small amount (10 to 50 mL) of
fluid is found between the pericardial serous
membranes.
• Pericardial effusions are primarily the result of
changes in the permeability of the membranes
due to infection (pericarditis), malignancy, and
trauma-producing exudates.
• Metabolic disorders such as uremia,
hypothyroidism, and autoimmune disorders are
the primary causes of transudates.

48. 3. Peritonial fluid

51. Paracentesis

53. Abdominal organs

55. Ovarian cancer

56. Ovarian tumor

58. Tubercular peritonitis

59. Tubercular peritonitis

75. 4. Synovial Fluid

76. Types of arthritis

77. Gout

78. Gout In hand and feet

81. Arthrocentesis

82. Joint replacement

83. Joint replacement surgery

84. Arthrocentesis

85. Arthocentisis

86. Arthocentisis

87. Ultra sound guided Arthrocentesis

105. Reference
1. https://www.slideshare.net/crisbertc/peritoneal-
fluid-analysis
2. https://www.slideshare.net/nasirnazeer5/peritoneal-
examination
3. https://www.slideshare.net/drasimrana/ascitic-fluid-
analysis
4. https://www.slideshare.net/chevaz10/ascitic-tap-or-
paracentesis
5. https://www.slideshare.net/bikashpraharaj/approach-
to-ascites-38554505
6. https://www.slideshare.net/YESANNA/synovial-fluid-
87034778

106. Materials
1. www.bscmltonline.ga
2. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1-
OWox0KiupAVSUeP1pWIQN1h1RLqhbv3
3. https://drive.google.com/open?id=1SQmakp
JHD2Uz5OHLWM0vVBRzvSsAkw3r

107. Youtube videos
1. https://www.youtube.com/results?search_q
uery=arthrocentesis
2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ghk4EO
oSkLo
3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6d-
L6Hni6A4
4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0-
K2RcThi0