This document provides an overview of orthosis, including their functions, uses, prerequisites for application, and types. Orthosis are externally applied devices that modify body structure and function. They can assist weak areas, resist or support movement, substitute motor function, and relieve weight. Orthosis are used for conditions like paralysis, nerve injuries, brain injuries, arthritis, and deformities. Key types discussed are static, dynamic, spinal, upper limb, lower limb, and footwear modifications. Examples of specific orthosis include slings, aeroplane splints, cock up splints, AFOs, KAFOs, HKAFOs, and footwear modifications like heels and pads.

1. ORTHOSIS
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CRRI

2. INTRODUCTION
• Orthosis is defined as an Externally applied device used to modify
structural and functional characteristic of neuro musculoskeletal system
• Orthosis is a Greek word meaning “Making straight “.

3. FUNCTIONS
• To assist weak part or segment eg., Springs, rubber bands.
• To resist movement at a joint or a part eg., foot drop stop to resist plantar flexion
• To support “to give rest or immobilize a joint or a part to allow heal up, to prevent
deformity or to maintain functional position
• To substitute for absent motor function eg., dynamic finger extension splint in
radial nerve injury.
• To relieve weight eg., iscial or PTB weight relieving orthosis
• To block a particular segment to prohibit movement in one joint so that the other
joint can be exercised.
• Attachment of assistive devices.

4. USES
Orthosis are given in following conditions:
• Post polio paralysis
• Nerve injury
• Stroke and Trauma brain injury
• Spinal cord injury
• Arthritis and soft tissue rheumatism
• Deformities
• Burns
• Sports

5. PREREQUISITE FOR APPLICATION
OF ORTHOSIS
• Range of motion
• Muscle strength
• Sensation
• Spasticity
• Deformities
• Pain
• Shortening
• Comfortability

6. TYPES
• Orthosis may be :
Static: Rigid ; gives support without movement.
Dynamic: Keeps limb in position and alows movement in
specific directions.
Based different regions:
• Spinal orthosis
• Upper limb orthosis
• Lower limb orthosis
• Foot wear modification

7. UPPER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Shoulder and arm orthosis:
- Sling-figure of 8 orthosis:
helps in preventing subluxation
in hemiplegia ,tetraplegia

8. UPPER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Shoulder and arm orthosis:
-Aeroplane splint: In
brachial plexus injury

9. UPPER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Forearm orthosis:
Volkmann’s splint: in Volkmann
ischemic contrature

10. UPPER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Wrist orthosis:
Cock up splint- In radial nerve
palsy

11. UPPER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Knuckle blender splint: In ulnar
nerve palsy

12. UPPER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Finger orthosis: boutonniere splint
Swan neck splint

13. LOWER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Ankle foot orthosis(AFO):
commonly prescribed
used in valgus/varus
deformity.

14. LOWER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Knee ankle foot
orthosis(KAFO): used in case
where AFO is not adequate.

15. LOWER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Hip knee ankle foot orthosis
(HKAFO): Given when hip are
weak , especially hip abductors
and hip instability.

16. LOWER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Seattle orthosis: For good
mediolateral stability.

17. LOWER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Craig scott orthosis: Modified
KAFO given to paraplegic with
neurological level above L1

18. LOWER LIMB ORTHOSIS
• Knee cage: Used In Genu
recurvatum

19. FOOT WEAR MODIFICATION
Common condition:
• Pes planus: Thomas heel is
used

20. FOOT WEAR MODIFICATION
Common condition:
• Pes cavus

21. FOOT WEAR MODIFICATION
Common condition:
• Metatarsalgia : metatarsal pad/bar
is used

22. FOOT WEAR MODIFICATION
Common condition:
• Heel pain

23. FOOT WEAR MODIFICATION
Common condition:
• Limb length discrepancy

24. FOOT WEAR MODIFICATION
Common condition:
• Club foot: Denis brown
splint,club foot boots

25. THANK YOU