This document provides information about orchitis and orchiectomy procedures. It begins by defining orchitis as the inflammation of the testis and describes its symptoms. It then discusses the anatomy of the testes and some common causes of orchitis, including mumps, infections, trauma, and complications from other procedures. The remainder of the document focuses on orchiectomy procedures, including a bilateral orchiectomy to treat prostate cancer, the surgical steps involved, and follow up care and investigations.

1. ORCHIECTOMY
Presented by----
Mrs. Usha Rani Kandula,
MSc.Nursing, Assistant professor,
Department of Adult Health Nursing,
College of Health Sciences,
Arsi University, Asella, Ethiopia.

2. ORCHITIS
-Orchitis refers to
-an acute inflammation of the testis.
-In orchitis, the testis is painful, tender,
and swollen.

3. Anatomy of Testes
-The testes are the reproductive glands of
the male.
-They are surrounded by three layers of
tissue.
1. The tunica vaginalis.
2. The tunica albuginea.
3. The tunica vasculosa.

4. Structure of Testes

6.  -It generally occurs after an episode of
bacterial or viral infection such as
 -mumps,
 -pneumonia,
 -tuberculosis, or
 -syphilis.

7. -It can also be a side effect of
-epididymitis,
-prostatectomy,
-trauma,
-infectious of the testis ,
-influenza,
-catheterization,
or complicated UTI.

8. Mumps orchitis
-Mumps orchitis is a condition contributing to
infertility that could be avoided by
childhood vaccination against mumps.

9. Management of Orchitis
-Treatment involves the use of antibiotics
(if the organism is known),
-pain medications,
-or bed rest with the scrotum elevated on an
ice pack.

10. Orchiectomy Procedure
 -An orchiectomy is surgery done to
remove one or both of your testicles.
 -It's commonly performed to treat or
prevent prostate cancer from spreading.

11. Bilateral orchiectomy
-A bilateral orchiectomy may be performed in
patients with prostatic cancer to alter the
hormonal environment.

12. Psychologic preparation of the
patient
-Psychologic preparation is important to help
the patient accept the sterilization and the
other body changes.

13. Performing bilateral oblique
incisions.
-In this procedure,
-bilateral oblique incisions in the inguinal
canals extend into the upper anterior
surface of the scrotum over the testes.

14. Removal of Testis
 -The testes are removed from the scrotum
after ligation of the spermatic cords at the
external or internal inguinal rings.

15. Implantation of Silicone rubber
prostheses
-Silicone rubber prostheses may be
implanted in the scrotal sac to improve
aesthetic appearance,
-which helps with the psychologic
rehabilitation of the patient.

16. Unilateral orchiectomy
-The removal of one testis
(unilateral orchiectomy) does not sterilize the
patient.
-This procedure may be indicated after
traumatic injury or infection,
-but it is more commonly performed to
remove a tumor.

17. Observation of histologic findings
-Accurate histologic findings and clinical
evaluations of the type of tumor and stage
of disease are mandatory for determining
the appropriate therapy.

18. Performing Radiology
investigations
 -CTScan
 Lymphangio-graphy or lympho-scintigraphy
are valuable diagnostic tools.

19. Unilateral radical orchiectomy
-Unilateral radical orchiectomy via
-an inguinal incision may be followed by
-radiation or
-chemotherapy and
-retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

20. Ligation of spermatic cord and Vas
deferens
 -The spermatic cord and vas deferens are
ligated and divided separately at the
internal ring so these structures can be
identified if further dissection is needed for
metastatic disease.
 Thanking you.