This document discusses the management and treatment of hydrocele. It outlines the necessary investigations which may include blood tests, urine tests, and chest x-rays. Ultrasound is helpful for determining testis position and abnormalities. Fluid aspiration can indicate different conditions. Surgical procedures like lord's plication and Jaboulay's operation are described for fixing different types of hydroceles. Post-operative care and potential complications are also covered. The document provides an overview of evaluating and treating hydroceles.

1. ManageMent of hydrocele
investigations
and
treatMent
 s.balaji
 16

2. • Blood-examination :
- general investigations like Hb, TLC ,DLC
- eosinophilia and microfilaria- filariasis
- lymphocytosis and increased ESR- epididymo - orchitis
• Urine examination :
- routine : urea ,uric acid ,creatinine
-passage of infected urine and presence of E.coli, streptococcus,
staphylococcus-acute epididymitis
- tuberculosis bacilli may be seen in urine in tuberculous epididymitis
• Chest X ray :
-is an important part of investigation in tuberculous epididymo orchitis to
exclude presence of pulmonary tuberculosis
-secondary deposits may be seen un testicular tumors particularly teratomas

3. • Ultrasonography:
- helpful to know the position of the testis, also to know whether
they are normal or not. this investigation is helpful in hydrocele, haematocele,
secondary hydrocele, torsion of testis.
• Aspiration :
- Milky fluid- spermatocele
- Clear fluid- cyst of epididymis
- In hydrocele an amber colour fluid may be obtained whose specific
gravity remains in the range of 1.022 to 1.024 ,it may contain water, inorganic
salts, cholesterol, fibrinogen, 6% of albumin
In secondary hydrocele from testicular tumour the fluid will be blood
stained.To facilitate better palpation of testis and epididymis fluid should be
aspirated out in case of secondary hydrocele

5. Surgical procedure :
 Indication for surgery :
Vaginal hydrocele
Infantile and funicular hydrocele are also treated
surgically in the same manner
 Contraindication :
Secondary hydrocele due to testicular tumors
 Position of the patient : supine
 Anaesthesia : general anaesthesia, surface anaesthesia
 Preparation of parts : savlon and spirit

6. procedure of the Surgery :
• Incision :Hydrocele is held tense by an assistant and 5-6 cm
incision <depending upon size > is made over the most prominent
part of the swelling parallel to the median raphe of the scrotum
• Layers opened :skin, dartos, external spermatic fascia ,
cremasteric fascia , internal spermatic fascia
• at this stage hydrocele sac is visible and is delivered outside the
incision
• Hydrocele fluid is drained by using trocar and cannula
• An opening is made in the tunica vaginalis sac and it is enlarged ,all
fluid is drained out. Testis and epididymis are inspected for any
pathology

7. typeS of Surgery :
• Depending on the size of the hydrocele and thickness of the wall of the
sac ,two types of surgery can be done ,
a)Small tunica vaginaliS Sac (tv) :
The sac is opened and the cut edge of sac is plicated to tunica
albuginea .The redundant tunica vaginalis is plicated by interrupted
sutures
The sac gets crumpled up and surrounds the testis .This is called
lord’s plication. The secretions get absorbed by lymphatics and
venous system
B) Sac iS large and thick :
Partial excision and eversion of sac is ideal treatment .In this
operation ,after excision of the sac ,cut edge of the sac is everted and
sutured behind the testis .this is called jaboulay’s operation

8. • By eversion of the sac ,the secreting surface of the testis
becomes anterior and secretions are absorbed by
subcutaneous lymphatics.
Closure :
-a corrugated plastic drain is kept in the scrotum and brought out
separately by making a stab incision and is anchored to the
scrotal skin by white thread
- Subcutaneous layer by using 2-0 chromic catgut
- Skin –interrupted thread(white)/catgut .absorbable sutures
such as catgut or vicryl can also be used
- Scrotal support is given to reduce oedema

9. PostoPerative
management • Npo for 6 hours followed by soft diet
• Antibiotics and analgesics
• Suture removal after 7-8 days
PostoPerative comPlications :
-- haematoma : if large and increasing in size ,wound should be reopened
urgently and bleeders have to be ligated . It may be due to injury of
testicular artery ,vein or pampiniform plexus of veins
-- wound infection can result in pyelocele
--Injury to the spermatic cord
Advice at discharge : rest for about a week

11. comPlications of hydrocele :
 Haematoma : due to minor trauma
 Pyelocele :infected haematocele
 Calcification of the sac wall
 Rupture of hydrocele sac : traumatic or spontaneous
 Hernia of the hydrocele sac : in long standing cases when
tension of the fluid within tubica causes herniation through
dartos muscle

12. Differential diagnosis
• acute epididymo orchitis
• Tuberculosis epididymo orchitis
• Syphilitic orchitis
• Subacute epididymo orchitis(filarial)
• Lymph varix
• Lymph scrotum
• Chylocele
• Elephantiasis of the scotum
• Extravasation of urine

13. • Torsion of the testis
• Tumors of testis
- seminoma
- teratoma
• Cysts
- cysts of epididymitis
- spermatocele
- cysts of an appendage of the testis
• Fournier’s gangrene