This document provides information about opioid analgesics including opium, opioids, opioid receptors, types of opioid receptors, opioid classification, and therapeutic uses of certain opioids like morphine and codeine. It discusses how opioids selectively relieve pain by acting in the central nervous system or peripheral pain mechanisms without significantly altering consciousness. It also summarizes the effects of morphine poisoning and its antidote.

1. OPIOID ANALGESICS
Presented By,
Bhavesh Vaghela,

2. INTRODUCTION
It is white latex (exudate) obtained by incision
of seed pod of Papaver Somniferum.
OPIUM
It is a drug that selectively relieves pain by
acting in CNS or on periferal pain mechanism
without significantly altering consciousness.
OPIOIDS

4. All opioid receptors are G-protein coupled receptors and inhibit
adenylate cyclase.
They also facilitate opening of potassium channels (causing
hyperpolarisation) and inhibit opening of calcium channels
(inhibiting transmitter release).
Types of Opioid Receptor
(Mu)μ receptor k (Kappa) receptor δ (Delta) receptor
OPIOID RECEPTORS

5. μ (Mu) Receptor
Mu-1 Mu-2
Located outside Spinal Cord
Responsible for Central
interpretation of pain
Located throughout CNS
Responsible for respiratory
depression,
spinal analgesia,
physical dependence,
and euphoria

6.  k (Kappa) receptor
✔ Sedation
✔ Analgesia (spinal)
✔ Miosis
 δ (Delta) receptor
✔ Analgesia (spinal & supraspinal)
✔ Release of growth hormone

7. OPIOIDS
Natural Semi-Synthetic Synthetic
Morphine
Codeine
Thebain
Heroin
Oxymorphone
Hydromorphone
Meperidine
Methadone
Morphinians
Benzamorphans
Fentanyl
Loperamide
CLASSIFICATION

8. Morphine
Analgesic (severe pain)
Myocardial infarction
Burns
Fracture of long bones
Cancer pain
Acute pulmonary oedema
Pethidine
Analgesic (severe pain)
Epidural analgesia for
obstetric labour
Codeine
Cough suppression
THERAPEUTIC USES

9. Methadone Loperamide
Non infective diarrhoeaDe-addiction of Heroin /
Morphine
Fentanyl + Droperidole
Neuroleptanalgesia
Transdermal Fentanyl
Chronic neuropathic pain

10.  Known addict with needle marks, coma, pinpoint pupils,
depressed respiration, and constipation.
 Antidote: Intra Venous Naloxone.
MORPHINE POISONING