The document discusses the history and development of surgery from prehistoric times to the present. It covers key figures and advances such as the first surgeon anatomist Andreas Vesalius in the 16th century, Ambroise Pare being considered the father of modern surgery, and John Hunter founding surgical pathology. The document also outlines the purposes and types of surgery as well as common abdominal incisions and the organization and layout of operating theaters. It provides principles for planning the physical layout of operating rooms and discusses perioperative patient care from the preoperative to intraoperative to postoperative phases.

1. OPERATION
THEATER
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2. HISTORY OF SURGERY
 PREHISTORIC PERIOD:- Burr hole-Trepanning/ trephining- common in Britain,
France and Europe.
ANCIENT INDIA :- Hindu- excised tumours , drain abscesses, remove
foreign body, remove gall stones, stich wounds.
Known for Plastic Surgery.
BEFORE 2ND CENTURY :- Surgery was not considered as a part of medical
profession.
Surgeons were lower class and illiterate.
1540 :-Barber-surgeon company-union.
1745 :-company of surgeons of London.
1800 :-Royal college of surgeons.
1543 :-Andreas Vesalius- 1st surgeon anatomist
16th CENTURY :-Ambroise Pare- Father of Modern surgery
18th CENTURY :-John Hunter-Founder of surgical pathology
1880 :-Foundation of American Surgica Associations
19th CENTURY :-Discovery of Anaesthesia and Antisepsis
1914 :-American college of surgeons
1937 :-American Board of surgerywww.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.in

3. PURPOSES OF SURGERY
 Diagnostic
 Exploratory
 Curative:-a) Ablative
b) Reconstructive
c) Constructive
 Palliative
 Restorative
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4. TYPES OF SURGERY
 Major surgery
 Minor surgery
TYPES ACCORDING TO URGENCY
 Optional
 Elective
 Planned
 Imperative or urgent
 Emergency
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5. COMMON SURGICAL INCISIONS OF
ABDOMEN
Incision Site
 Subcostal
 Paramedian
 Transverse
 Rectus
 McBurney
 Pfannenstiel
Type of Surgery
 Gall Bladder , Biliary tract
surgeries
 Right side: Biliary tract, Gall
Bladder
 Left side : Splenectomy,
Gastrectomy, Hiatal Hernia repair
 Gastrectomy
 Right Side: Appendectomy, small
bowel resection
 Left Side : Sigmoid colon resection
 Appendectomy
 Gynaecologic surgery
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6. ORGANIZATION AND
PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF THE O.T.
Number of rooms required in the O.T. depends on:-
 Number and length of the surgical procedures to be
performed.
 Types and distribution by specialities of the surgical staff
and equipments for each
 Proportion of inpatient and emergency surgical
procedures to ambulatory patient and minimal invasive
procedures.
 Scheduling policies related to the number of hours/day
and days /week the suite will be in the use and staffing
needs.
 Systems and procedures established for the efficient flow
of patients, personnel, and supplies.
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7. PRINCIPLES IN PLANNING THE
PHYSICAL LAYOUT OF AN
OPERATION ROOM
 Exclusion of contamination from outside
the suite with sensible traffic pattern
within the suite.
 Separation of clean areas from
contaminated areas within the suite.
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8. OPERATION ROOM SIZE:-
Minimum:- 20 20 10 feet( 400sq feet or
approximately 37m² )floor space;
Maximum:-20 30 10 feet (600 sq feet or
approximately 60m²
If Portable equipments are required then
minimum floor space 22 22 10 feet(484 sq
feet approximately 45m²)
if cardiopulmonary bypass machine required then
600 sq feet or 60m² floor space
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9. PERIOPERATIVE PATIENT CARE
 PREOPERATIVE PHASE:
From the time the decision is made for surgical
intervention to the transference of the patient to
the operating room.
 INTRAOPERATIVE PHASE:
From the time the patient is received in the
operating room until he is admitted to the
recovery room.
 POST OPERATIVE PHASE:
From the time of admission to the recovery
room to the follow up in home/ clinic for
evaluation.
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10. Thank you
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