This presentation will help you understand the concepts and principles used in Operant conditioning. This will also help you to understand the difference between classical and operant conditioning.
This presentation will help you understand the concepts and principles used in Operant conditioning. This will also help you to understand the difference between classical and operant conditioning.
This file accompanies a Youtube clip made on the origins of Operant Conditioning, with specific reference to the Skinner box application of both Positive and Negative reinforcement. See www.ePsychVCE.com for a link to the Youtube clip.
Operant condition theory is one among prominent behaviorist theories proposed by Skinner. The slides will help to unfold basic ideas about this theory.
B. F. Skinner
(1904-1990)
Skinner’s life and his understanding of life Predetermined, lawful, and orderly
A product of past reinforcements
1925: Hamilton College (NY): degree in English, no courses in psychology
Read about Pavlov’s and Watson’s experimental work
1931: Ph.D. from Harvard
B. F. Skinner
Dissertation: a reflex is a correlation between
S and R
1938: The Behavior of Organisms
1953: Science and Human Behavior
1990: Vigorously attacked the growth of cognitive
psychology
1990 (final article): "Can Psychology Be a Science
of Mind?"
This file accompanies a Youtube clip made on the origins of Operant Conditioning, with specific reference to the Skinner box application of both Positive and Negative reinforcement. See www.ePsychVCE.com for a link to the Youtube clip.
Operant condition theory is one among prominent behaviorist theories proposed by Skinner. The slides will help to unfold basic ideas about this theory.
B. F. Skinner
(1904-1990)
Skinner’s life and his understanding of life Predetermined, lawful, and orderly
A product of past reinforcements
1925: Hamilton College (NY): degree in English, no courses in psychology
Read about Pavlov’s and Watson’s experimental work
1931: Ph.D. from Harvard
B. F. Skinner
Dissertation: a reflex is a correlation between
S and R
1938: The Behavior of Organisms
1953: Science and Human Behavior
1990: Vigorously attacked the growth of cognitive
psychology
1990 (final article): "Can Psychology Be a Science
of Mind?"
Management of Learning Disability in children is to be made a priority in all our educational endeavours. Children achieving academical performance matching to their intellectual capacities are sometimes thwarted by LD. Find out the cause for every undesired behaviour of our children and we have to help them overcome it. It's our duty. It's required to build up a satisfied society.
AP Chapter 6 Learning.ppt:Classical Conditioning, Operant Condition, Social C...TameneKeneni
Elaborated slides on the different views of learning: Classical Conditioning, Operant Condition, Social Cognitive Learning theory, and cognitive learning theories.
The Role of Maternal Immunization in Reducing Infections in InfantsHelen Madamba
A lecture provided for the Immunization for Filipino Women committee of the Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society, Inc (POGS) and the Philippine Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology (PIDSOG) to encourage vaccination for pregnant women in the Philippines
COVID-19 and COVID-19 Vaccination in PregnancyHelen Madamba
As an update to the management of COVID-19 in Pregnancy based on the PIDSOG Handbook, we have the POGS Practice Bulletin on COVID19 Vaccination for Pregnant and Breastfeeding Women. Vaccines work!
A lecture orientation to first year medical students, this lecture was lifted from the PIDSOG HANDBOOK: A GUIDANCE FOR CLINICIANS ON THE OBSTETRIC MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19). APRIL 2020.
This is a lecture for medical students of the Cebu Institute of Medicine as an orientation on the prevalence of HIV infection in the Philippines, the basic knowledge on HIV and the program on prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV.
During the time of COVID-19 use of social media in medicine is as relevant than ever and should be maximized by healthcare professionals as a public health tool for health education and promotion to ensure the impact on healthcare is a positive one.
Use of social media for public health promotionHelen Madamba
A short talk with medical technology students of the Velez College for the seminar on "Cyber Etiquette: A Social Responsibility on Health Promotion for the Society" February 15, 2020 from 1pm to 5pm.
This was a lecture given during the CME activitiy for POGS Region 7 by the Philippine Infectious Disease Society for Obstetrics and Gynecology (PIDSOG) at Casino Espanyol in Cebu City.
As part of the 5th Philippine Healthcare Social Media Summit 2019 #HCSMPH2019 at the Waterfront Hotel in Cebu City, Track B involved choosing platforms for social media depending on one's purpose and based on the target audience.
This is one of the lectures for the POGS Research Forum in Bacolod, mostly based on the chapter on Clinical Practice Guidelines for Ethics Review from the POGS Research Handbook: The Essentials. I hope this can be a guide for residents who are preparing their research proposal for ethical review.
This is a plenary lecture given during the CVCHRD Research and Innovation Conference at CIT-U in Cebu City with the theme "Research innovations for Improved Health and Wellness"
Emerging Issues for Social Workers in dealing with PLHIVsHelen Madamba
This was a talk for ALSWDOPI 2019 at Waterfront Hotel where LGU social workers are challenged to become the government employees who are catalysts of change that the Philippine society needs to address the Philippine HIV epidemic.
These were slides I was not able to use during the lecture I gave for the weekend POGS research workshop because of a mix up in assigned topics. Nevertheless, I think OBGYN residents may find these slides useful in crafting their research proposals.
As a speech during the Public Health Forum 2018, this is a collection of inspirational post from my facebook newsfeed. Talking about how to be a clinical specialist involved in public health, the emphasis is in finding your passion, something you would be willing to do even if you were not paid for it.
This focuses on the Consensus Recommendations on the Prevention and Management of Surgical Site Infections in the Philippine Setting by Saguil, Bermudez, Antonio and Cochon, PJSS 2017.
Public Health Forum - Social Media in Medicine: Etiquettes for the Modern DoctorHelen Madamba
This lecture introduces reasons why healthcare providers should be on social media and the limits of what we should and shouldn't post on social media, remembering that people are on the other end of the public health conversation.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. OPERANT CONDITIONING
Operant behavior is a type of learning where
behavior is “controlled” by its consequence.
Learning process in which consequences which
follow a response determine whether the
behavior will be repeated or not.
Staddon and Cerutti. Annu Rev Psychol. 2003 ; 54: 115–144
3.
4. Consequences of Behavior
decide if reinforcement or punishment
REINFORCEMENT – strengthens the
behavior to make it more likely to recur
PUNISHMENT – weakens the behavior
to make it less likely to recur
9. PLEASANT
STIMULUS
UNPLEASANT
STIMULUS
ADDITION
Addition of a pleasant stimulus to
make a behavior more likely to
recur
POSITIVE
REINFORCEMENT
REMOVAL
Removal of an unpleasant
stimulus to make a behavior
more likely to recur
NEGATIVE
REINFORCEMENT
10. REINFORCEMENT
CONTINUOUS REINFORCEMENT – works when you are trying
to teach a brand new behavior
INTERMITTED REINFORCEMENT – works when you are trying
to maintain behavior modification
11. POSITIVE PUNISHMENT is addition
of something unpleasant, like
sanctions or extensions, to decrease
an unwanted behavior
12. PLEASANT
STIMULUS
UNPLEASANT
STIMULUS
ADDITION
Addition of a pleasant stimulus to
make a behavior more likely to
recur
POSITIVE
REINFORCEMENT
Addition of an unpleasant
stimulus to make a behavior
less likely to recur
POSITIVE
PUNISHMENT
REMOVAL
Removal of an unpleasant
stimulus to make a behavior
more likely to recur
NEGATIVE
REINFORCEMENT
13. NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT is the
removal of something pleasant, like
forfeiting vacation leaves, to decrease
an unwanted behavior
14. PLEASANT
STIMULUS
UNPLEASANT
STIMULUS
ADDITION
Addition of a pleasant stimulus to
make a behavior more likely to
recur
POSITIVE
REINFORCEMENT
Addition of an unpleasant
stimulus to make a behavior
less likely to recur
POSITIVE
PUNISHMENT
REMOVAL
Removal of a pleasant stimulus to
make a behavior less likely to
NEGATIVE
PUNISHMENT
Removal of an unpleasant
stimulus to make a behavior
more likely to recur
NEGATIVE
REINFORCEMENT
15. PUNISHMENT WORKS
When it immediately follows the behavior to
maintain cause and effect, so the learner can
associate the bad behavior you want them to
stop
When it is mild instead of harsh avoid
punishment to the point of buse
When it is consistent whoever commits the
mistake metes the same punishment
16. IN SUMMARY
Operant conditioning is learning based on the
consequences of a behavior, whether you want it
to be repeated or not
REINFORCEMENT:
positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement
PUNISHMENT:
positive punishment
Negative punishment