The document discusses the behaviorist perspective in psychology. Some key points include: - Behaviorism focuses on observable behaviors and rejects studying internal mental states. - Behaviorists like B.F. Skinner used concepts like operant conditioning to shape animal and human behavior through reinforcement and punishment. - Operant conditioning uses rewards and punishments to increase or decrease certain behaviors. Classical conditioning also influences learned behaviors and responses. - Behaviorism had influence on behavior modification approaches used to treat disorders. Learning and performance are related but influenced by different factors in behaviorist theory.

1. THE BEHAVIOR PERSPECTIVE

2. THE BEHAVIOR PERSPECTIVE
Behaviorism psychology , is an approach to psychology that combines elements of philosophy, methodology,
and theory.
Behaviorism psychology is the psychology that concerns with the observable behavior of humans and animals,
not with the unobservable events that takes place in their minds.
The behaviorist school of thought maintains that a persons behavior can be described scientifically through
internal psychological events or through hypothetical concerns such as: thoughts and beliefs.

3. THE BEHAVIOR PERSPECTIVE
Behavioral psychology is a perspective that focuses on learned behavior .
The learned behavior of a person is that which he has adopted from the society, from the environment,
from the internal psychological events or from his beliefs and his thoughts.

4. The condition of the behavior of a person can be determined through various different means. Some of those
conditions are :
Operant conditioning.
Classical conditioning.
Behavior shaping.
Observational learning.
Influence learning and performance.

5. B.F SKINNER
B.F. SKINNER, AN AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST, IS CREDITED WITH
FIRST DEVELOPING THIS PRACTICE IN THE MID 1900S.
HIS THEORY OF OPERANT CONDITIONING FORMED THE BASIS FOR
THE PRINCIPLES BEHIND THE BEHAVIOUR MODIFICATION APPROACH

6. OPERANT
Any active behavior that operates upon the environment to
generate consequences .

7. OPERANT CONDITIONING
(INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING)
a learning process first described by B. F. Skinner. In operant
conditioning, reinforcement or punishment are used to either
increase or decrease the probability that a behavior will occur again
in the future.

8. Skinner experiment on rat
to achieve behavior result

9. Operant Chamber (“Skinner Box”)
◦ soundproof chamber with a
bar or key that an animal can
manipulate to obtain a food
or water reinforce

10. Operant Chamber (“Skinner Box”)
when a lab rat presses a
blue button, he receives a
food pellet as a reward,
but when he presses the
red button he receives a
mild electric shock. As a
result, he learns to press
the blue button but avoid
the red button.

11. COMPONENTS OF OPERANT CONDITIONING
Reinforcement
Punishment

12. REINFORCEMENT
is any event that strengthens or
increases the behavior it follows.
It also states the positive side of
Thorndike’s Law of Effect.
2 types of reinforcement.
Positive
negative

13. TYPES OF REINFORCEMENT
1. Positive Reinforcement : are favorable events that are presented
after the behavior.
2. Negative Reinforcement : a response or behavior is strengthened
by stopping, removing or avoiding a negative outcome or aversive
stimulus (escape-avoidance learning).

14. TYPES OF POSITIVE REINFORCES
A. Natural reinforces
B. Token reinforces
C. Social reinforces
D. Tangible reinforces

15. WHEN POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
MOST EFFECTIVE?
According to a behavioral guidelines checklist
published by Utah State University, positive
reinforcement is most effective when it
occurs immediately after the behavior.

16. WHEN NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
MOST EFFECTIVE?
it is most effective when reinforces are presented immediately
following a behavior.

17. PUNISHMENT
Punishment is a term used
in operant conditioning to refer to
any change that occurs after a
behavior that reduces the
likelihood that that behavior will
occur again in the future. While
positive and negative
reinforcement are used
to increase behaviors, punishment
is focused on reducing or
eliminating unwanted behaviors.

18. KINDS OF PUNISHMENT
positive punishment
negative punishment

19. POSITIVE PUNISHMENT
is to decrease the behavior that it follows. In the case of positive
punishment, it involves presenting an unfavorable outcome or event
following an undesirable behavior.
Example : Your cell phone rings in the middle of a class lecture, and
you are scolded by your teacher for not turning your phone off prior
to class.

20. NEGATIVE PUNISHMENT
is to decrease the behavior that precedes it. In the case of negative
punishment, it involves taking something good or desirable away in
order to reduce the occurrence of a particular behavior.
Example :after getting low grades in her subjects because of
spending more time in texting rather than in studying, her mother
takes her cellphone away.

21. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Classical conditioning is a type of learning that had a major
influence on the school of thought in psychology known as
behaviorism.
Discovered by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, classical
conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations
between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring
stimulus.

22. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
Behaviorism is based on the assumption that learning occurs through
interactions with the environment. Two other assumptions of this
theory are that the environment shapes behavior and that taking
internal mental states such as thoughts, feelings, and emotions into
consideration is useless in explaining behavior.

23. BEHAVIOR SHAPING
It is one of the five main types of child discipline. It's based on an
underlying principle that guides a lot of discipline strategies.
Techniques involving environmental manipulations to change
behavior.

24. REINFORCEMENT
Positive : Positive reinforcement refers to giving a child
something that will reinforce the behavior and motivate the child to
repeat the behavior.
Negative: Negative reinforcement is when a child is motivated to
change his behavior because it will take away something
unpleasant.

25. PURPOSES
Behavior modification is used to treat a varieties of problems in adults and children. Behavior
modification has been successfully used to treat obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD),
attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

28. RESULTS
It is a teaching method to help cope with everyday life. Depending on individual needs, a person
may only need it on a short-term basis. The exact length of a treatment plan depends on individual
goals and progress made.

29. OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
Learning through observing the behavior of another person called
model.
Modeling is a form of learning where individuals ascertain how to
act or perform by observing another individual.
It also plays an important role in the socialization process, as
children learn how to behave and respond to others by observing
how their parents and other people interact with each other.

30. EXAMPLES OF OBSERVATIONAL LERANING
oAn infant learns to make and
understand facial expressions.
oA child learns how to play
a game while watching others.

31. STAGES OF OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
Attention
Retention
Production
Motivation

32. ATTENTION
In order to learn, you need to be paying full attention.

33. RETENTION
The ability to store information is an important part of the learning
process.

34. PRODUCTION
Once you have paid attention to the model and retained the
information, is time to actually perform the behavior you observed.

35. MOTIVATION
In order for observational learning to be successful, you have to be
motivated to imitate the behavior that has been modeled.

36. LEARNING AND PERFORMANCE BEHAVIOR
Our performance is mostly a result of our learning but the relationship between learning and
performance is not that simple as we have always believed. There are times when learning affects
performance in an undesirable manner. It is important to distinguish between learning (including
conditioning) and performance.

37. Learning is the process that continues lifeLlonEg iAn thRe lNivesI oNf huGman beings as long as there is desire and
motivation to learn.
Learning is all about mastering new skills, and developing a greater understanding about things not known to
us and also about making a better sense of our surroundings.
We grow and develop mentally with the help of this process of learning as our mind or brain develops to its
full potential.

38. PERFORMANCE
Performance is a goal that is achievable through learning.
Performance is how we fare in an exam or situation or our productivity in the work environment.
Performance is our output that can be judged and evaluated.
Performance is something that is tangible and can be measured.

39. FACTORS INFLUENCING LEARNING
Amount of practice and training.
Amount of reward
Delay of reward.
Partial reinforcement.

40. FACTORS INFLUENCING PERFORMANCE
Motivation.
Stimulus intensity.
Effort.

41. INFLUENCE LEARNING AND PERFORMANCE
Learning and Performance of a person in some cases goes hand-in-hand, whereas, in other it doesn’t.
The mind set of human behavior is that whatever a person learns later on he can implement it and improve
their performance.

42. CONCLUSION
There are many different ways to think about human thought and behavior. The many perspectives
in modern psychology provide researchers and students a way to approach different problems and
find new ways to explain and predict human behavior as well as develop new treatment approaches
for problem behaviors.