1. The purpose of the experiment is to determine the thermal conductivity (k) of materials using linear and radial heat conduction.
2. The document outlines the theory of linear and radial heat conduction according to Fourier's law. It provides the equations to calculate thermal conductivity based on heat transfer rate, temperature gradient, thickness/radius, and area.
3. The experiment procedures involve measuring temperature gradients across materials and calculating k for different materials using the provided equations. Graphs of temperature vs. position will also be analyzed to determine k. Results will be reported and compared to literature values.
The aim of this experiment is to measurement linear thermal along z direction conductivity and to investigate and verify Fourier’s Law for linear heat conduction along z direction and we proved that K is inversely proportional with ΔT, and we have many errors in our experiment that made the result not clear.
Solution Manual for Engineering Heat Transfer 3rd Edition William JannaPedroBernalFernandez
https://www.book4me.xyz/solution-manual-engineering-heat-transfer-janna/
Solution Manual for Engineering Heat Transfer - 3rd Edition
Author(s) : William S. Janna
This Solution Manual include all chapters of 3rd edition's textbook (Chapters 1 to 12). Also, there are figure slides in the package.
This file contains slides on Transient Heat conduction: Part-I
The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students in Mechanical Engineering Dept. of St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India, during Sept. – Dec. 2010. Contents: Lumped system analysis – criteria for lumped system analysis – Biot and Fourier Numbers – Response time of a thermocouple - One-dimensional transient conduction in large plane walls, long cylinders and spheres when Bi > 0.1 – one-term approximation - Heisler and Grober charts- Problems
The aim of this experiment is to measurement linear thermal along z direction conductivity and to investigate and verify Fourier’s Law for linear heat conduction along z direction and we proved that K is inversely proportional with ΔT, and we have many errors in our experiment that made the result not clear.
Solution Manual for Engineering Heat Transfer 3rd Edition William JannaPedroBernalFernandez
https://www.book4me.xyz/solution-manual-engineering-heat-transfer-janna/
Solution Manual for Engineering Heat Transfer - 3rd Edition
Author(s) : William S. Janna
This Solution Manual include all chapters of 3rd edition's textbook (Chapters 1 to 12). Also, there are figure slides in the package.
This file contains slides on Transient Heat conduction: Part-I
The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students in Mechanical Engineering Dept. of St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India, during Sept. – Dec. 2010. Contents: Lumped system analysis – criteria for lumped system analysis – Biot and Fourier Numbers – Response time of a thermocouple - One-dimensional transient conduction in large plane walls, long cylinders and spheres when Bi > 0.1 – one-term approximation - Heisler and Grober charts- Problems
Experiment 4
Newtonian Cooling
EGME 306A
Group 2
ABSTRACT
The objective of this experiment is to understand the relationship between the change of temperature of an object and its surroundings. The Newtonian Cooling says that the temperature of an object is proportional to the temperature of the surrounding. The reason for the experiment is to make an experiment that measures temperature using a transducer of our own choice, understand the heat transfer and determine the coefficient of the heat transfer.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………2
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………..3
Introduction and Theory……………………………………………………….......4-9
Procedures………………………………………………………………………..10-11
Summary of Important Results…………………………………………………….12
Sample Calculations and Error Analysis…………………………………………...13
Discussion and Conclusion…………………………………………………………14
References…………………………………………………………………………..15
Appendix…………………………………………………………………………16-19
INTRODUCTION AND THEORY
In this experiment, a mass of lead in a crucible will be heated to its melting point and a transducer will be inserted in the lead. The heating is then ceased and the data of temperature versus time are accumulated by some data-acquisition system of your choice.
It is known from thermodynamics that when two bodies at different temperatures are in contact, heat will flow from the hotter body to the cooler one in a process known as Heat Transfer. The rate of this heat flow depends upon the temperature difference and thermal resistances in much the same way that electric current depends upon the potential difference (voltage) and electrical resistances. In solids, heat transfer occurs by molecular motion in a process called conduction, whereas in fluids, such as air and water, heat is transferred by fluid motion in a process called convection. In addition, heat is also transferred by electromagnetic radiation in transparent substances, or in a vacuum.
Consider a solid object in contact with air. If the surface temperature of the body, , is higher than the air temperature, , then there will be heat transferred from the object to the air. Newton proposed that the rate of this heat transfer, q, is proportional to the surface area of the object, A, and the temperature difference, :
(IV-1)
where the constant of proportionality, h, is called the heat transfer coefficient. Equation (IV-1) is known as the Newton’s rate equation.
In Newton’s time, the actual mechanism whereby this heat transfer occurred was not well understood. Today, however, it is known that heat transfer from a surface involves convection and radiation, and that these two mechanisms occur in parallel. As a result, the total rate of heat transfer from the surface, q, is the sum of the parts due to convection, , and radiation,. Thus, from Eq. (IV-1),
(IV-2)
where,
= convective heat transfer coefficient ...
Thermal conductivity is heat flow per second per unit area per unit temperature gradient. Heat conduction / Heat energy is the transferred from the hot end of heat conductor to the cold end consider a cylindrical conductor as shown in fig. 1, where the temperature at T1 is greater than at T2, the heat energy flows from the hotter end at temperature T1 to cooler end at temperature T2.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
ABSTRACTThe objective of this experiment is to understa.docxannetnash8266
ABSTRACT
The objective of this experiment is to understand the relationship between the change of temperature of an object and its surroundings. The Newtonian Cooling says that the temperature of an object is proportional to the temperature of the surrounding. The reason for the experiment is to make an experiment that measures temperature using a transducer of our own choice, understand the heat transfer and determine the coefficient of the heat transfer.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………2
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………..3
Introduction and Theory……………………………………………………….......4-9
Procedures………………………………………………………………………..10-11
Summary of Important Results…………………………………………………….12
Sample Calculations and Error Analysis…………………………………………...13
Discussion and Conclusion…………………………………………………………14
References…………………………………………………………………………..15
Appendix…………………………………………………………………………16-19
INTRODUCTION AND THEORY
In this experiment, a mass of lead in a crucible will be heated to its melting point and a transducer will be inserted in the lead. The heating is then ceased and the data of temperature versus time are accumulated by some data-acquisition system of your choice.
It is known from thermodynamics that when two bodies at different temperatures are in contact, heat will flow from the hotter body to the cooler one in a process known as Heat Transfer. The rate of this heat flow depends upon the temperature difference and thermal resistances in much the same way that electric current depends upon the potential difference (voltage) and electrical resistances. In solids, heat transfer occurs by molecular motion in a process called conduction, whereas in fluids, such as air and water, heat is transferred by fluid motion in a process called convection. In addition, heat is also transferred by electromagnetic radiation in transparent substances, or in a vacuum.
Consider a solid object in contact with air. If the surface temperature of the body, , is higher than the air temperature, , then there will be heat transferred from the object to the air. Newton proposed that the rate of this heat transfer, q, is proportional to the surface area of the object, A, and the temperature difference, :
(IV-1)
where the constant of proportionality, h, is called the heat transfer coefficient. Equation (IV-1) is known as the Newton’s rate equation.
In Newton’s time, the actual mechanism whereby this heat transfer occurred was not well understood. Today, however, it is known that heat transfer from a surface involves convection and radiation, and that these two mechanisms occur in parallel. As a result, the total rate of heat transfer from the surface, q, is the sum of the parts due to convection, , and radiation,. Thus, from Eq. (IV-1),
(IV-2)
where,
= convective heat transfer coefficient
= effective radiative heat transfer coefficien.
To demonstrate the effect of cross sectional area on the heat rate.
To measure the temperature distribution for unsteady state conduction of heat through the uniform plane wall and the wall of the thick cylinder.
The experiment demonstrates heat conduction in radial conduction models It
allows us to obtain experimentally the coefficient of thermal conductivity of some unknown materials and in this way, to understand the factors and parameters that affect the rates of heat transfer.
To understand the use of the Fourier Rate Equation in determining the rate of heat flow for of energy through the wall of a cylinder (radial energy flow).
To use the equation to determine the constant of proportionality (the thermal conductivity, k) of the disk material.
To observe unsteady conduction of heat
A Project report on Heat Conduction ApparatusZaber Ismaeel
Heat Conduction:
In heat transfer, conduction (or heat conduction) is the transfer of heat energy by microscopic diffusion and collisions of particles or quasi-particles within a body due to a temperature gradient. The microscopically diffusing and colliding objects include molecules, electrons, atoms, and phonons. They transfer microscopically disorganized kinetic and potential energy, which are jointly known as internal energy. Conduction can only take place within an object or material, or between two objects that are in direct or indirect contact with each other. Conduction takes place in almost all forms of matter, such as solids, liquids, gases and plasmas.
Thermal Conductivity of a metal:
Thermal conductivity is a measure of the ability of a substance to conduct heat, determined by the rate of heat flow normally through an area in the substance divided by the area and by minus the component of the temperature gradient in the direction of flow, measured in watts per meter per Kelvin. Symbol: K is used to denote thermal conductivity.
One dim, steady-state, heat conduction_with_heat_generationtmuliya
This file contains slides on One-dimensional, steady-state heat conduction with heat generation.
The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students in Mechanical Engineering Dept. of St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India, during Sept. – Dec. 2010.
It is hoped that these Slides will be useful to teachers, students, researchers and professionals working in this field.
Experiment 4
Newtonian Cooling
EGME 306A
Group 2
ABSTRACT
The objective of this experiment is to understand the relationship between the change of temperature of an object and its surroundings. The Newtonian Cooling says that the temperature of an object is proportional to the temperature of the surrounding. The reason for the experiment is to make an experiment that measures temperature using a transducer of our own choice, understand the heat transfer and determine the coefficient of the heat transfer.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………2
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………..3
Introduction and Theory……………………………………………………….......4-9
Procedures………………………………………………………………………..10-11
Summary of Important Results…………………………………………………….12
Sample Calculations and Error Analysis…………………………………………...13
Discussion and Conclusion…………………………………………………………14
References…………………………………………………………………………..15
Appendix…………………………………………………………………………16-19
INTRODUCTION AND THEORY
In this experiment, a mass of lead in a crucible will be heated to its melting point and a transducer will be inserted in the lead. The heating is then ceased and the data of temperature versus time are accumulated by some data-acquisition system of your choice.
It is known from thermodynamics that when two bodies at different temperatures are in contact, heat will flow from the hotter body to the cooler one in a process known as Heat Transfer. The rate of this heat flow depends upon the temperature difference and thermal resistances in much the same way that electric current depends upon the potential difference (voltage) and electrical resistances. In solids, heat transfer occurs by molecular motion in a process called conduction, whereas in fluids, such as air and water, heat is transferred by fluid motion in a process called convection. In addition, heat is also transferred by electromagnetic radiation in transparent substances, or in a vacuum.
Consider a solid object in contact with air. If the surface temperature of the body, , is higher than the air temperature, , then there will be heat transferred from the object to the air. Newton proposed that the rate of this heat transfer, q, is proportional to the surface area of the object, A, and the temperature difference, :
(IV-1)
where the constant of proportionality, h, is called the heat transfer coefficient. Equation (IV-1) is known as the Newton’s rate equation.
In Newton’s time, the actual mechanism whereby this heat transfer occurred was not well understood. Today, however, it is known that heat transfer from a surface involves convection and radiation, and that these two mechanisms occur in parallel. As a result, the total rate of heat transfer from the surface, q, is the sum of the parts due to convection, , and radiation,. Thus, from Eq. (IV-1),
(IV-2)
where,
= convective heat transfer coefficient ...
Thermal conductivity is heat flow per second per unit area per unit temperature gradient. Heat conduction / Heat energy is the transferred from the hot end of heat conductor to the cold end consider a cylindrical conductor as shown in fig. 1, where the temperature at T1 is greater than at T2, the heat energy flows from the hotter end at temperature T1 to cooler end at temperature T2.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
ABSTRACTThe objective of this experiment is to understa.docxannetnash8266
ABSTRACT
The objective of this experiment is to understand the relationship between the change of temperature of an object and its surroundings. The Newtonian Cooling says that the temperature of an object is proportional to the temperature of the surrounding. The reason for the experiment is to make an experiment that measures temperature using a transducer of our own choice, understand the heat transfer and determine the coefficient of the heat transfer.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………2
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………..3
Introduction and Theory……………………………………………………….......4-9
Procedures………………………………………………………………………..10-11
Summary of Important Results…………………………………………………….12
Sample Calculations and Error Analysis…………………………………………...13
Discussion and Conclusion…………………………………………………………14
References…………………………………………………………………………..15
Appendix…………………………………………………………………………16-19
INTRODUCTION AND THEORY
In this experiment, a mass of lead in a crucible will be heated to its melting point and a transducer will be inserted in the lead. The heating is then ceased and the data of temperature versus time are accumulated by some data-acquisition system of your choice.
It is known from thermodynamics that when two bodies at different temperatures are in contact, heat will flow from the hotter body to the cooler one in a process known as Heat Transfer. The rate of this heat flow depends upon the temperature difference and thermal resistances in much the same way that electric current depends upon the potential difference (voltage) and electrical resistances. In solids, heat transfer occurs by molecular motion in a process called conduction, whereas in fluids, such as air and water, heat is transferred by fluid motion in a process called convection. In addition, heat is also transferred by electromagnetic radiation in transparent substances, or in a vacuum.
Consider a solid object in contact with air. If the surface temperature of the body, , is higher than the air temperature, , then there will be heat transferred from the object to the air. Newton proposed that the rate of this heat transfer, q, is proportional to the surface area of the object, A, and the temperature difference, :
(IV-1)
where the constant of proportionality, h, is called the heat transfer coefficient. Equation (IV-1) is known as the Newton’s rate equation.
In Newton’s time, the actual mechanism whereby this heat transfer occurred was not well understood. Today, however, it is known that heat transfer from a surface involves convection and radiation, and that these two mechanisms occur in parallel. As a result, the total rate of heat transfer from the surface, q, is the sum of the parts due to convection, , and radiation,. Thus, from Eq. (IV-1),
(IV-2)
where,
= convective heat transfer coefficient
= effective radiative heat transfer coefficien.
To demonstrate the effect of cross sectional area on the heat rate.
To measure the temperature distribution for unsteady state conduction of heat through the uniform plane wall and the wall of the thick cylinder.
The experiment demonstrates heat conduction in radial conduction models It
allows us to obtain experimentally the coefficient of thermal conductivity of some unknown materials and in this way, to understand the factors and parameters that affect the rates of heat transfer.
To understand the use of the Fourier Rate Equation in determining the rate of heat flow for of energy through the wall of a cylinder (radial energy flow).
To use the equation to determine the constant of proportionality (the thermal conductivity, k) of the disk material.
To observe unsteady conduction of heat
A Project report on Heat Conduction ApparatusZaber Ismaeel
Heat Conduction:
In heat transfer, conduction (or heat conduction) is the transfer of heat energy by microscopic diffusion and collisions of particles or quasi-particles within a body due to a temperature gradient. The microscopically diffusing and colliding objects include molecules, electrons, atoms, and phonons. They transfer microscopically disorganized kinetic and potential energy, which are jointly known as internal energy. Conduction can only take place within an object or material, or between two objects that are in direct or indirect contact with each other. Conduction takes place in almost all forms of matter, such as solids, liquids, gases and plasmas.
Thermal Conductivity of a metal:
Thermal conductivity is a measure of the ability of a substance to conduct heat, determined by the rate of heat flow normally through an area in the substance divided by the area and by minus the component of the temperature gradient in the direction of flow, measured in watts per meter per Kelvin. Symbol: K is used to denote thermal conductivity.
One dim, steady-state, heat conduction_with_heat_generationtmuliya
This file contains slides on One-dimensional, steady-state heat conduction with heat generation.
The slides were prepared while teaching Heat Transfer course to the M.Tech. students in Mechanical Engineering Dept. of St. Joseph Engineering College, Vamanjoor, Mangalore, India, during Sept. – Dec. 2010.
It is hoped that these Slides will be useful to teachers, students, researchers and professionals working in this field.
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Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
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A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
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The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair.pdf
EXPERIMENT HEAT-CONDUCTION.pdf
1. 1
EXPERIMENT: HEAT CONDUCTION
Nomenclature
Name Symbol SI unit
Radius of Disk R [m]
Heat transfer area A [m2
]
Wall thickness (distance) L [m]
Constant Value (k/A) C
Electrical power to heating element Q [W]
Heat transfer rate per unit time (heat flow) Q [W]
Temperature measured Ta (eg. T1) [°C]
Temperature at hot interface Thotface [°C]
Temperature at cold interface Tcoldface [°C]
Temperature gradient Grad (eg. Gradhot) [W/m°C]
Thermal conductivity k [W/m°C]
Time t [secs] α
2. 2
1. OBJECT
The purpose of this experiment is to determine the constant of proportionality (the thermal
conductivity k) for one-dimensional steady flow of heat.
2. INTRODUCTION
Thermal conduction is the transfer of heat energy in a material due to the temperature gradient
within it. It always takes place from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower
temperature. A solid is chosen for the experiment of pure conduction because both liquids and
gasses exhibit excessive convective heat transfer. For practical situation, heat conduction occurs in
three dimensions, a complexity which often requires extensive computation to analyze. For
experiment, a single dimensional approach is required to demonstrate the basic law that relates rate
of heat flow to temperature gradient and area.
3. THEORY
3.1. LINEAR HEAT CONDUCTION
According to Fourier’s law of heat conduction: If a plane wall of thickness ( L
) and area (A)
supports a temperature difference ( T
) then the heat transfer rate per unit time (Q) by conduction
through the wall is found to be:
( )
b a
T
Q A where L L L
L
If the material of the wall is homogeneous and has a thermal conductivity k (the constant of
proportionality) then:
( )
a b
T
Q kA where T T T
L
It should be noted that heat flow is positive in the direction of temperature fall hence the negative
sign in the equation. For convenience the equation can ve rearranged to avoid the negative sign as
follows:
( )
b a
T
Q kA where T T T
L
Note: In this exercise k and A are constant.
Linear heat conduction experiment setup can be seen in Fig.1.
3. 3
Fig.1 Linear Heat Conduction Experiment Setup
3.2. RADIAL HEAT CONDUCTION
When the inner and outer surfaces of a thick walled cylinder are each at a different uniform
temperature, heat flows radially through the cylinder wall. The disk can be considered to be
constructed as a series of successive layers. From continuity considerations the radial heat flow
through each of the successive layers in the wall must be constant if the flow is steady but since the
area of the successive layers increases with radius, the temperature gradient must decrease with
radius.
ln
2 ( )
b
a
b a
R
W
R
k
L T T
Radial heat conduction experiment setup can be seen in Fig.2.
5. 5
4. EXPERIMENTS TO BE PERFORMED
The test unit will be introduced in the laboratory before the experiment by the relevant assistant.
4.1 Linear Heat Conduction
Aim of the Experiment: To comprehend how to calculate thermal conductivity(k)
The necessary data for calculations will be recorded to the table given below.
Material:
Power (W) T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9
Distance from
T1 (m)
0 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08
Calculations: Using the equation given below, calculate the thermal conductivity.
Thermal conductivity is defined as:
Q L
k
A T
Where:
4 2
7,065 10
A x m
Plot a graph of temperature against position along the bar and draw the best straight line through the
points. Comment on the graph.
6. 6
A sample graph of temperature against position along the bar can be seen.
Compare your result with Table 1.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Temperature
[°C]
Distance [m]
Thotface Tcoldface
7. 7
Table 1. Thermal Conductivities for Different Material Types
Materials in Normal Conditions (298 K, 24.85 °C) Thermal Conductivity (k) W/m°C
Metals
Pure Aluminium 205-237
Aluminium Alloy (6082) 170
Brass (CZ 121 ) 123
Brass (63% Copper) 125
Brass (70% Copper) 109-121
Pure Copper 353-386
Copper (C101) 388
Light Steel 50
Stainless Steel 16
Gas
Air 0.0234
Hydrogen 0.172
Others
Asbestos 0.28
Glass 0.8
Water 0.6
Wood 0.07-0.2
8. 8
4.2 Linear Heat Conduction for Different Materials
Aim of the Experiment: To comprehend how to calculate thermal conductivity (k) for different
materials.
The necessary data for calculations will be recorded to the table given below.
Material:
Power (W) T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9
Distance from
T1 (m)
0 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05 0,06 0,07 0,08
Calculations: Using the equation given below, calculate the thermal conductivity.
Thermal conductivity is defined as:
Q L
k
A T
Where:
4 2
7,065 10
A x m
Plot a graph of temperature against position along the bar and draw the best straight line through the
points. Comment on the graph.
9. 9
Compare your result with Table 1.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Temperature
[°C]
Distance [m]
10. 10
4.3 Radial Heat Conduction
Aim of the Experiment: To comprehend how to calculate thermal conductivity (k)
The necessary data for calculations will be recorded to the table given below.
Material:
Power (W) T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6
Radial
Distance from
T1 (m)
0,00 0,01 0,02 0,03 0,04 0,05
Calculations: Using the equation given below, calculate the thermal conductivity.
Thermal conductivity is defined as:
ln
2 ( )
b
a
b a
R
W
R
k
L T T
Where:
L=0,012 m
Plot a graph of temperature against position along the bar and draw the best straight line through the
points. Comment on the graph.
12. 12
5. REPORT
In your laboratory reports must have the followings;
a) Cover
b) A short introduction
c) All the necessary calculations using measured data.
d) Discussion of your results and a conclusion.