Introduction to Oil and Gas Industry from Upstream (Exploration & Production), Midstream (Transportation & Storage), to Downstream (Refining, Petrochemical, & Marketing)
Brief Introduction into Oil & Gas Industry by Fidan AliyevaFidan Aliyeva
This document presents five stages of the oil field life cycle, their description and some disciplines involved as well as some general facts about the oil and gas.
Introduction to Oil and Gas Industry from Upstream (Exploration & Production), Midstream (Transportation & Storage), to Downstream (Refining, Petrochemical, & Marketing)
Brief Introduction into Oil & Gas Industry by Fidan AliyevaFidan Aliyeva
This document presents five stages of the oil field life cycle, their description and some disciplines involved as well as some general facts about the oil and gas.
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - DownstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream?
This Downstream module includes the following sections:
-Downstream Business Characteristics
-Refining – Products and Participants
-Consumption – The Final Step in Adding Value
-Marketing and Retail
Downstream
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
-Oil Refining
-Supply and Trading
-Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
The downstream segment is a margin business. Margin is defined as the difference between the price realized for the products produced from the crude oil and the cost of the crude delivered to the refinery.
Although the price of crude sets the absolute level of product prices, it may or may not affect refining or marketing margins. Downstream margins tend to be reduced, or squeezed, when crude price increases often cannot be recovered in the marketplace. On the other hand, margins tend to hold, or even increase, when crude prices drop and the marketplace more slowly adjusts to these lower crude prices.
The downstream segment includes complex and diverse activities including manufacturing, petrochemical refining, distribution, and retail.
A global perspective is important because of the global nature of the energy supply chain as well as the impact of supply and demand on both feedstock and product prices.
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - UpstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - Upstream
What is Upstream? This Midstream content is derived from our Oil 101 Upstream ebook and can be found in our oil and gas learning community.
This Upstream module includes the following sections (use the links below for quick access):
-Introduction to Upstream
-Upstream Business Characteristics
-Oilfield Services
-Reserves – Formation and Importance
-Production – The First Step in Adding Value
-The Unconventional Future of Upstream
Upstream
What is Upstream? Most oil and gas companies’ business structures are segmented and organized according to business segment, assets, or function.
The upstream segment of the business is also known as the exploration and production (E&P) sector because it encompasses activities related to searching for, recovering and producing crude oil and natural gas.
The upstream segment is all about wells: where to locate them; how deep and how far to drill them; and how to design, construct, operate and manage them to deliver the greatest possible return on investment with the lightest, safest and smallest operational footprint.
Exploration
The exploration sector involves obtaining a lease and permission to drill from the owners of onshore or offshore acreage thought to contain oil or gas, and conducting necessary geological and geophysical (G&G) surveys required to explore for (and hopefully find) economic accumulations of oil or gas.
Drilling
There is always uncertainty in the geological and geophysical survey results. The only way to be sure that a prospect is favorable is to drill an exploratory well. Drilling is physically creating the “borehole” in the ground that will eventually become an oil or gas well. This work is done by rig contractors and service companies in the Oilfield Services business sector.
Production
The production sector of the upstream segment maximizes recovery of petroleum from subsurface reservoirs.
A brief summary of Oil and Gas Upstream. PPT includes basic Chemistry, Basic Geology, Oil formation, Migration of Petroleum, Reservoir, porosity, permeability, Geological structures for petroleum entrapment, Exploration methods, Geological methods, Geophysical methods, geophysical methods, seismic methods, seismic methods, gravity methods, magnetic methods, well drilling, preparation to drill, setting the rig, drilling, enhanced oil recovery, EOR, primary oil recovery, secondary oil recovery, thermal recovery, gas injection and chemical injection
Introduction to oil and gas exploration and processingJohn Kingsley
This is a comprehensive presentation designed to give an overview and to introduce oil & gas operations.
Following are the contents of the presentation :
a) How Oil & Gas were formed ?
b) How are Oil and Gas deposits located ?
c) Economics of Exploration operations.
d) Definition of Oil Reserves.
e) Drilling & Production Process - How are they safely and efficiently extracted for onward processing without creating detrimental environmental impacts ?
f) History of “Off-shore Oil & Gas Exploration”.
g) Different types of “Off-shore Production facilities”.
h) Characteristics of Crude oil.
i) Oil & Gas Industry – Overall Block diagram.
j) Separation of Oil, Gas and Water.
k) Gas treatment and Export.
l) Oil treatment and Export.
m) Water treatment and disposal.
n) Pipeline transportation basics.
Know more about iFluids Engineering --> visit www.iFluids.com
Professional PowerPoint template for oil and gas presentations.
This is a fully customizable template with individual graphic elements and images. You are free to adjust cover, divider, and content slider header layouts.
Download at: http://www.powerpointteam.com/oil-industry-powerpoint-template.html
Available in standard and widescreen format.
Your comments will be highly appreciated. Thank you!
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream Oil and Gas?
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
Oil Refining
Supply and Trading
Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Oil and Gas Production
Today we’re going to talk about the production function of Upstream. If you missed the previous podcasts on Upstream Fundamentals, Exploration and Drilling, be sure to go check those out. We’ll put the relevant links in the program notes.
The Production and Offshore Construction Module provides a high level overview of production operations. It introduces the offshore contractors and production service providers that assist E&P companies in efficiently producing oil and gas.
We’ll also cover well completions and key measures and drivers that influence production business operations.
We’ll also give some historical perspective on this part of upstream oil and gas operations.
Production
Once oil or gas is found with a wildcat or discovery well, the next step in adding value to reserves is to get the reservoir fluids brought to the surface, or “produce” them. After all, upstream is also called E&P!
Introduction-Alpha….. Betical PRINCIPLES of Petroleum Geology; Classification of fossil fuels as hydrocarbon resources and hydrocarbon producing resources; Oil/Gas Generation and Diagenesis; Types of Oil & Natural Gas Plays; Occurrence of Oil and Gas; umbrella terms given to petroleum: Conventional oil and Unconventional oil; Associated Gas and Non-associated Gas; In Situ Oil and Gas Resources versus Supply; Natural Gas Resource and Quality Types; Natural GAS; Oil and Gas Process; Oil/Gas Field Life Cycle; Oil Field Pyramid ; Giant Oil Field
Oil 101 - Introduction to Petroleum Product MarketingEKT Interactive
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Marketing - Retail and Wholesale
This petroleum product marketing overview includes discussions on What is Marketing, the structure and key functions of oil company marketing departments, and some historical perspective on how demand for transportation fuels, including service stations came, to dominate US landscape.
The complete Petroleum Product Marketing Module includes lessons on marketing fundamentals, retail vs wholesale marketing, and key business drivers and processes in petroleum product marketing.
What is Petroleum Product Marketing?
As we stated earlier, Marketing is the final step in the ‘Microbes to Markets’ chain that delivers useful petroleum products to end-user customers. The main business drivers of this segment are volume, market share and margin.
Worldwide, transportation fuels including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and marine fuel oil account the largest percentage of global demand, and it is the fastest growing portion of refinery products.
In the United States, passenger cars still consume more petroleum products than any other sector. Today, the US accounts for about 44% of the world’s gasoline consumption, and transportation fuels are 65% of the US demand.
Since the US has one of the most competitive retail markets in the world, it has been a leading indicator in development of new service station formats. Many of these retail formats are adopted around the world – with some customization to accommodate local legislation and consumer preferences.
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - MidstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - Midstream
What is Midstream? This Midstream content is derived from our Oil 101 Midstream ebook and can be found in our oil and gas learning community.
This Midstream module includes the following sections (use the links below for quick access):
Midstream Business Characteristics
Midstream Participants
Processing – The Next Step in Adding Value
Transportation
Storage
Midstream - As its name implies, the midstream segment encompasses facilities and processes that sit between the upstream and downstream segments. Activities can include processing, storage and transportation of crude oil and natural gas.
In most cases, oil and gas reserves are not located in the same geographic location as refining assets and major consumption regions.
Transportation is a big part of midstream activities and can include using pipelines, trucking fleets, tanker ships, and rail cars.
The midstream segment is separated from upstream and downstream in most oil companies because it is considered a low risk, regulated type of business. It does not fit the risk profile or asset complexity of the other segments of the oil and gas industry.
Success in the midstream segment depends on many external forces including:
-Upstream operations continuous delivery of reserves
-Refinery margins that encourage refined product production
-Health of the downstream, natural gas, and petrochemical industry markets.
-Natural gas price levels that impact the attractiveness of NGL’s as feedstock
-Political sentiment for pipeline expansion and “not in my backyard” hurdles
While the midstream gathering and processing sector is relatively free of commercial regulation, the movement of gas by interstate pipelines and subsequent state level distribution activities are highly regulated in the US by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - DownstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream?
This Downstream module includes the following sections:
-Downstream Business Characteristics
-Refining – Products and Participants
-Consumption – The Final Step in Adding Value
-Marketing and Retail
Downstream
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
-Oil Refining
-Supply and Trading
-Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
The downstream segment is a margin business. Margin is defined as the difference between the price realized for the products produced from the crude oil and the cost of the crude delivered to the refinery.
Although the price of crude sets the absolute level of product prices, it may or may not affect refining or marketing margins. Downstream margins tend to be reduced, or squeezed, when crude price increases often cannot be recovered in the marketplace. On the other hand, margins tend to hold, or even increase, when crude prices drop and the marketplace more slowly adjusts to these lower crude prices.
The downstream segment includes complex and diverse activities including manufacturing, petrochemical refining, distribution, and retail.
A global perspective is important because of the global nature of the energy supply chain as well as the impact of supply and demand on both feedstock and product prices.
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - UpstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - Upstream
What is Upstream? This Midstream content is derived from our Oil 101 Upstream ebook and can be found in our oil and gas learning community.
This Upstream module includes the following sections (use the links below for quick access):
-Introduction to Upstream
-Upstream Business Characteristics
-Oilfield Services
-Reserves – Formation and Importance
-Production – The First Step in Adding Value
-The Unconventional Future of Upstream
Upstream
What is Upstream? Most oil and gas companies’ business structures are segmented and organized according to business segment, assets, or function.
The upstream segment of the business is also known as the exploration and production (E&P) sector because it encompasses activities related to searching for, recovering and producing crude oil and natural gas.
The upstream segment is all about wells: where to locate them; how deep and how far to drill them; and how to design, construct, operate and manage them to deliver the greatest possible return on investment with the lightest, safest and smallest operational footprint.
Exploration
The exploration sector involves obtaining a lease and permission to drill from the owners of onshore or offshore acreage thought to contain oil or gas, and conducting necessary geological and geophysical (G&G) surveys required to explore for (and hopefully find) economic accumulations of oil or gas.
Drilling
There is always uncertainty in the geological and geophysical survey results. The only way to be sure that a prospect is favorable is to drill an exploratory well. Drilling is physically creating the “borehole” in the ground that will eventually become an oil or gas well. This work is done by rig contractors and service companies in the Oilfield Services business sector.
Production
The production sector of the upstream segment maximizes recovery of petroleum from subsurface reservoirs.
A brief summary of Oil and Gas Upstream. PPT includes basic Chemistry, Basic Geology, Oil formation, Migration of Petroleum, Reservoir, porosity, permeability, Geological structures for petroleum entrapment, Exploration methods, Geological methods, Geophysical methods, geophysical methods, seismic methods, seismic methods, gravity methods, magnetic methods, well drilling, preparation to drill, setting the rig, drilling, enhanced oil recovery, EOR, primary oil recovery, secondary oil recovery, thermal recovery, gas injection and chemical injection
Introduction to oil and gas exploration and processingJohn Kingsley
This is a comprehensive presentation designed to give an overview and to introduce oil & gas operations.
Following are the contents of the presentation :
a) How Oil & Gas were formed ?
b) How are Oil and Gas deposits located ?
c) Economics of Exploration operations.
d) Definition of Oil Reserves.
e) Drilling & Production Process - How are they safely and efficiently extracted for onward processing without creating detrimental environmental impacts ?
f) History of “Off-shore Oil & Gas Exploration”.
g) Different types of “Off-shore Production facilities”.
h) Characteristics of Crude oil.
i) Oil & Gas Industry – Overall Block diagram.
j) Separation of Oil, Gas and Water.
k) Gas treatment and Export.
l) Oil treatment and Export.
m) Water treatment and disposal.
n) Pipeline transportation basics.
Know more about iFluids Engineering --> visit www.iFluids.com
Professional PowerPoint template for oil and gas presentations.
This is a fully customizable template with individual graphic elements and images. You are free to adjust cover, divider, and content slider header layouts.
Download at: http://www.powerpointteam.com/oil-industry-powerpoint-template.html
Available in standard and widescreen format.
Your comments will be highly appreciated. Thank you!
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Downstream Oil and Gas?
Processing, transporting and selling refined products made from crude oil is the business of the downstream segment of the oil and gas industry.
Key downstream business sectors include:
Oil Refining
Supply and Trading
Product Marketing and Retail
The downstream industry provides thousands of products to end-user customers around the globe.
Many products are familiar such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, heating oil and asphalt for roads. Others are not as familiar such as lubricants, synthetic rubber, plastics, fertilizers and pesticides.
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Oil and Gas Production
Today we’re going to talk about the production function of Upstream. If you missed the previous podcasts on Upstream Fundamentals, Exploration and Drilling, be sure to go check those out. We’ll put the relevant links in the program notes.
The Production and Offshore Construction Module provides a high level overview of production operations. It introduces the offshore contractors and production service providers that assist E&P companies in efficiently producing oil and gas.
We’ll also cover well completions and key measures and drivers that influence production business operations.
We’ll also give some historical perspective on this part of upstream oil and gas operations.
Production
Once oil or gas is found with a wildcat or discovery well, the next step in adding value to reserves is to get the reservoir fluids brought to the surface, or “produce” them. After all, upstream is also called E&P!
Introduction-Alpha….. Betical PRINCIPLES of Petroleum Geology; Classification of fossil fuels as hydrocarbon resources and hydrocarbon producing resources; Oil/Gas Generation and Diagenesis; Types of Oil & Natural Gas Plays; Occurrence of Oil and Gas; umbrella terms given to petroleum: Conventional oil and Unconventional oil; Associated Gas and Non-associated Gas; In Situ Oil and Gas Resources versus Supply; Natural Gas Resource and Quality Types; Natural GAS; Oil and Gas Process; Oil/Gas Field Life Cycle; Oil Field Pyramid ; Giant Oil Field
Oil 101 - Introduction to Petroleum Product MarketingEKT Interactive
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Marketing - Retail and Wholesale
This petroleum product marketing overview includes discussions on What is Marketing, the structure and key functions of oil company marketing departments, and some historical perspective on how demand for transportation fuels, including service stations came, to dominate US landscape.
The complete Petroleum Product Marketing Module includes lessons on marketing fundamentals, retail vs wholesale marketing, and key business drivers and processes in petroleum product marketing.
What is Petroleum Product Marketing?
As we stated earlier, Marketing is the final step in the ‘Microbes to Markets’ chain that delivers useful petroleum products to end-user customers. The main business drivers of this segment are volume, market share and margin.
Worldwide, transportation fuels including gasoline, diesel, jet fuel and marine fuel oil account the largest percentage of global demand, and it is the fastest growing portion of refinery products.
In the United States, passenger cars still consume more petroleum products than any other sector. Today, the US accounts for about 44% of the world’s gasoline consumption, and transportation fuels are 65% of the US demand.
Since the US has one of the most competitive retail markets in the world, it has been a leading indicator in development of new service station formats. Many of these retail formats are adopted around the world – with some customization to accommodate local legislation and consumer preferences.
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - MidstreamEKT Interactive
Oil 101: Introduction to Oil and Gas - Midstream
What is Midstream? This Midstream content is derived from our Oil 101 Midstream ebook and can be found in our oil and gas learning community.
This Midstream module includes the following sections (use the links below for quick access):
Midstream Business Characteristics
Midstream Participants
Processing – The Next Step in Adding Value
Transportation
Storage
Midstream - As its name implies, the midstream segment encompasses facilities and processes that sit between the upstream and downstream segments. Activities can include processing, storage and transportation of crude oil and natural gas.
In most cases, oil and gas reserves are not located in the same geographic location as refining assets and major consumption regions.
Transportation is a big part of midstream activities and can include using pipelines, trucking fleets, tanker ships, and rail cars.
The midstream segment is separated from upstream and downstream in most oil companies because it is considered a low risk, regulated type of business. It does not fit the risk profile or asset complexity of the other segments of the oil and gas industry.
Success in the midstream segment depends on many external forces including:
-Upstream operations continuous delivery of reserves
-Refinery margins that encourage refined product production
-Health of the downstream, natural gas, and petrochemical industry markets.
-Natural gas price levels that impact the attractiveness of NGL’s as feedstock
-Political sentiment for pipeline expansion and “not in my backyard” hurdles
While the midstream gathering and processing sector is relatively free of commercial regulation, the movement of gas by interstate pipelines and subsequent state level distribution activities are highly regulated in the US by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC).
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Oil and Gas Exploration
This brief overview of exploration includes segments on exploration processes, some historical perspective including an explanation of hydrocarbons, and finally we’ll discuss the ‘basin-play concept’.
There are 4 key steps to summarize the oil and gas exploration process:
First is understanding and evaluating the geologic setting, called a play,
Next is obtaining access to the potential reserves usually in the form of a lease.
The third step is determining where to drill and completing a successful discovery or “wildcat” well.
Finally, additional hydrocarbon reserves can be added to the portfolio of an oil company using guidelines set by the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) and the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
Oil and gas is composed of compressed hydrocarbons. It was formed millions of years ago in a process that began when plant and animal remains were covered by very deep layers of sediment – minute particles of rock and minerals. With time, extreme pressure and high temperatures, these particles became a mix of both solid (coal) and liquid hydrocarbons. Even diamonds are a form of hydrocarbons.
Early oil discoveries were traced from natural hydrocarbon seeps at the surface. Many major fields of California, Oklahoma, Mexico, Iran, Iraq and Indonesia were related to surface hydrocarbon seeps.
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Refining
This refining overview includes segments on: Why we refine crude oil, a basic summary of the refining distillation process, and some historical perspective on the evolution of refining.
The complete Refining Module includes lessons on crude oil and products, refinery processes, key business drivers that impact refining profitability, and more.
Why Do We Refine Crude Oil?
Crude oil cannot be used as it occurs in nature, other than burning for fuel, which is wasteful, It must be refined to manufacture finished products such as gasoline and heating oil.
In the refinery, crude oil components can first be split by carefully applying heat to capture various parts, called fractions, within certain boiling ranges. This is called distillation. The quality of these initial fractions produced is not sufficient to be sold directly as petroleum products without further treatment.
Moreover, the yield of products from straight distillation of crude oil is not the same as the “demand barrel” needed for the marketplace. Crude oil must therefore be further processed using both heat and pressure to improve qualities and meet market demand.
A large part of refinery processing is concerned with converting unwanted heavy fuel oil into marketable gasoline and diesel, using various processing methods.
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Drilling
Today we’re going to talk about the Drilling function of Upstream. If you missed our previous podcasts on Upstream Fundamentals and Exploration, be sure to go check them out. We’ll put the relevant links in the program notes.
In this drilling overview we touch on the wildcat well and current drilling capabilities, offer more insight into the role of oilfield services, and give some historical perspective on this segment of upstream oil and gas.
Drilling Details
As we discussed in the Exploration podcast, the first step in adding value is to locating the oil and gas reservoirs that are often far below the surface, and in deeper offshore prospects.
Even with the latest seismic technology and computer modeling, many characteristics of a prospect remain unknown until an exploratory or “wildcat” well is drilled. Repeating from that podcast, “you can’t find oil if you don’t drill wells.”
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
Introduction to Supply, Trading, Transportation
This Supply, Trading, and Transportation (S&T) overview includes discussions on What is S&T, what are some of the major risks associated with trading, and some historical perspective on the evolution of S&T.
The complete S&T Module includes lessons on crude oil and products supply fundamentals, derivative contracts and exchanges, as well as key business drivers in physical trading and financial hedging. Natural gas trading is beyond our scope though it has a similar commercial function, closely tied to the utility and power consumer market.
What is Supply and Trading?
To help answer that question, let’s look briefly at how Chevron defines S&T on their website.
“Chevron Supply and Trading (S&T) provides a critical link between the market and Chevron's upstream, downstream and chemicals companies. S&T provides commercial support to Chevron's crude oil and natural gas production operations as well as to the company's refining and marketing network.”
Oil 101 - A Free Introduction to Oil and Gas
What is Midstream Oil and Gas?
As its name implies, the midstream oil and gas segment encompasses facilities and processes that sit between the upstream and downstream segments. Activities can include processing, storage and transportation of crude oil and natural gas.
In most cases, oil and gas reserves are not located in the same geographic location as refining assets and major consumption regions.
Transportation is a big part of midstream activities and can include using pipelines, trucking fleets, tanker ships, and rail cars.
Among the world’s various sources of energy, petroleum is the most widely used and important natural resource. This module explains the world's petroleum resources, in general.
The Oil and Natural Gas Value Chain; PETROLEUM INDUSTRY STRUCTURE; THE AMERICAN PETROLEUM INSTITUTE CLASSIFICATION OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY; UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS SECTOR; Business Cycle of Upstream; Components of the Upstream Sector; Upstream Oil Company Targets; MIDSTREAM SECTOR; DOWNSTREAM PROCESS AND SECTOR; Distribution of Refined Products; PETROLEUM REFINING; Distillation of Crude Oil; PETROLEUM COMPANIES TYPES; International Oil Companies (IOCs); Nation Oil Companies (NOCs); Operator Companies (or Exploration and Production (E &P) Companies); Types of exploration and production companies; Service Petroleum Companies; Types of service companies; MAIN PETROLEUM COMPANIES PARTICIPANTS IN THE INTERNATIONAL OIL MARKET; SEVEN SISTERS (or ANGLO-SAXON) ; Composition and history; New Seven Sisters
Difference Between Upstream & Midstream & Downstream Activities in Oil and Ga...Student
The Upstream activities sector include the searching and extraction of underground crude oil and natural gas , drilling exploratory wells, and subsequently drilling and operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil and/or raw natural gas to the surface.
In the petroleum industry, locating underground or underwater oil reserves characterizes the upstream process. Additionally, the upstream process in this industry involves bringing oil and gas to the surface. Extraction wells represent an example of a structure operating in this stage in the process. The upstream stage in the production process may also manifest itself as a supplier providing raw materials to manufacturers or other businesses that ultimately process the materials.
Marco Sully Perez said Oil and gas workers face unique health and safety challenges and are recognized by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as a priority industry sector under the National Workplace Research Initiative (NORA) to identify and develop intervention strategies in the labor sector Protect. health and safety issues. In 2011, the oil and gas and ancillary industries employed more than 450,000 people (Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages). Therefore, oil well drilling and field maintenance are two different types of business activities in the oil and gas industry.
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What is Downstream in oil and gas operations..pdfMineral View
Oil and gas downstream operations involve refining crude oil and natural gas into essential fuels and petrochemicals that power industries and daily life.
For More Information-
Comparison Of Corrossion Resistance Of Copper For SamplesIRJESJOURNAL
Abstract :- In order to ensure smooth and uninterrupted flow of oil and gas to the end users, it is imperative for the field operators, pipeline engineers, and designers to be corrosion conscious as the lines and their component fittings would undergo material degradations due to corrosion. This paper gives a comprehensive review of corrosion problems during oil and gas production and its mitigation. The chemistry of corrosion mechanism had been examined with the various types of corrosion and associated corroding agents in the oil and gas industry. Factors affecting each of the various forms of corrosion were also presented. Principles of corrosion must be understood in order to effectively select materials and to design, fabricate, and utilize metal structures for the optimum economic life of facilities and safety in oil and gas operations. This test method covers the determination of the corrosiveness of copper by the petroleum products.
Kelvion is a global supplier of Heat Exchangers.
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Here's a presentation on piping engineering in PDF format, now available for all. This presentation covers the basics points of piping for our EPC industry. This presentation covers various aspects of piping engineering
www.lngsummit.com/pdf/Enrique_Alonso.pdf
3RD GEN MODULAR EXECUTION. SM DESIGN AND .... Steel / Pipe / E&I Work. COST ACCOUNT. Hours ...
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Global Petroprojects Services AG is an international recruitment company of Saipem that recruits, employs, manages and develops international resources dedicated to worldwide projects in the oil & gas sector
New Ventures provides more entrepreneurship, Innovation and Research. There is a huge demand of New Ventures in the areas like exports, organic Industry, Dairy products, food products, Animation and Apps development. But it has to be start with collective investment so that sustainability in profit , growth and functions is possible.
Nowadays saving money is very important due to economic slow down, Inflation and rising cost. So saving money is needed for buying property, healthcare, child education, housing and much more. this information collected from newspaper by raghunathan janarthanan
Scheduling and routing solutions are also adding new business intelligence capabilities in order to help manage more employees in a wider variety of roles, including subcontractors, delivery drivers, and even customers.
You could be a professional graphic designer and still make mistakes. There is always the possibility of human error. On the other hand if you’re not a designer, the chances of making some common graphic design mistakes are even higher. Because you don’t know what you don’t know. That’s where this blog comes in. To make your job easier and help you create better designs, we have put together a list of common graphic design mistakes that you need to avoid.
Dive into the innovative world of smart garages with our insightful presentation, "Exploring the Future of Smart Garages." This comprehensive guide covers the latest advancements in garage technology, including automated systems, smart security features, energy efficiency solutions, and seamless integration with smart home ecosystems. Learn how these technologies are transforming traditional garages into high-tech, efficient spaces that enhance convenience, safety, and sustainability.
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Through an exploration of brand psychology and consumer behavior, this study sheds light on the intricate ways in which effective branding strategies, strategic social media engagement, and user-centric website design contribute to altering consumers' perceptions. We delve into the principles that underlie successful brand transformations, examining how visual identity, messaging, and storytelling can captivate and resonate with target audiences.
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2. Petroleum Industry Overview
The petroleum industry includes the global
processes of
exploration, extraction, refining, transporting (often
by oil tankers and pipelines), and marketing
petroleum products. The largest volume products
of the industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol).
Petroleum (oil) is also the raw material for many
chemical products, including
pharmaceuticals, solvents, fertilizers, pesticides, a
nd plastics. The industry is usually divided into
three major components: upstream, midstream
and downstream. Midstream operations are
usually included in the downstream category.
3. Oil Consumption across the
world
Petroleum is
vital to many
industries, a
nd is of
importance
to the
maintenance
of
industrialize
d civilization
itself, and
thus is a
critical
concern for
many
nations.
Oil accounts for a large percentage of the world’s
energy consumption, ranging from a low of
32% for Europe and Asia,
up to a high of 53% for the Middle East. Other
geographic regions’ consumption patterns are as
follows:
South and Central America (44%),
Africa (41%), and
North America (40%).
The United States consumed 25% of the oil
produced in 2007
The world consumes 30 billion barrels (4.8 km³) of
oil per year, with developed nations being the
largest consumers.. The
production, distribution, refining, and retailing of
petroleum taken as a whole represents the world's
largest industry in terms of dollar value.
5. Industry Structure
The American Petroleum Institute divides the
petroleum industry into five sectors:[18]
upstream (exploration, development and
production of crude oil or natural gas)
downstream (oil tankers, refiners, retailers and
consumers)
pipeline
marine
service and supply
The oil and gas industry is usually divided into
three major sectors: upstream, midstream and
downstream.
6. Upstream
The upstream oil sector is also commonly known as the
exploration and production (E&P) sector.[1][2][3]
The upstream sector includes the searching for potential
underground or underwater crude oil and natural gas
fields, drilling of exploratory wells, and subsequently drilling and
operating the wells that recover and bring the crude oil and/or
raw natural gas to the surface.
With the development of methods for extracting methane from
coal seams,[4] there has been a significant shift toward including
unconventional gas as a part of the upstream sector, and
corresponding developments in liquified natural gas (LNG)
processing and transport.
Most upstream work in the oil field or on an oil well is contracted
out to drilling contractors and oil field service companies
7. Midstream
Midstream operations and processes include the
following:
Gathering: The gathering process employs
narrow, low-pressure pipelines to connect oil- and
gas-producing wells to larger, long-haul pipelines
or processing facilities
Processing/refining: Processing and refining
operations turn crude oil and gas into marketable
products. In the case of crude oil, these products
include heating oil, gasoline for use in vehicles, jet
fuel, and diesel oil
1
8. continues
Transportation: Oil and gas are transported to
processing facilities, and from there to end users, by
pipeline, tanker/barge, truck, and rail.
Storage: Midstream service providers provide storage
facilities at terminals throughout the oil and gas
distribution systems
Technological applications: Midstream service
providers apply technological solutions to improve
efficiency during midstream processes. Technology
can be used during compression of fuels to ease flow
through pipelines; to better detect leaks in pipelines;
and to automate communications for better pipeline
and equipment monitoring
2
9. Downstream
The downstream sector commonly refers to the
refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing
and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the
marketing and distribution of products derived
from crude oil and natural gas. The downstream
sector touches consumers through products such
as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel
oil, heating oil, fuel
oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas, and
liquified petroleum gas (LPG) as well as hundreds
of petrochemicals.
Midstream operations are often included in the
downstream category and considered to be a part
of the downstream sector.
10. Pipeline
Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods
through a pipe. Most commonly, liquids and gases
are sent, but pneumatic tubes using compressed
air can also transport solid capsules.
As for gases and liquids, any chemically stable
substance can be sent through a pipeline.
Therefore sewage, slurry, water, or even beer
pipelines exist; but arguably the most valuable are
those transporting crude petroleum and refined
petroleum product including fuels: oil
(oleoduct), natural gas (gas grid), and biofuels.
11. Difference between Brownfield and
green field projects
Brown field is assimilated more
to upstream oil & gas activities. It
comes from the oil which is being
produced from offshore facilities
which is brown in color. As for
other industries e.g.
petrochemical, the existing plant
which had existed for years will
actually had tarnished in its color
to brown or even black etc. Its
product can be of any color or
even colorless, but is not
necessarily brown in color unlike
the oil from the oil & gas sector.
This is one difference.
Brown field projects have their
unique complications in that they
often have to be carried out in
and around existing plant and
operations, sometimes whilst
operations continue.
Green field, it is also
synonymous and applicable to
the offshore upstream activities
when dealing with the installation
of new facilities. But there
again, one would like to expect to
be called "blue field" since it is
mostly being constructed in the
middle of the ocean. This is true
to the offshore sector. But there
are also the onshore sector
where one can find new facilities
being built onland, which is
normally surrounded by
greens, hence it is rightly called
"green field". Onland facilities
can exist in desert, arctic area
which are not fully 'green'. Over
here the color scheme is a bit
mix-up.