Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
Family health services are the central point of health services.
It is an important component of “Health for All” goal.
Health of each individual affects the health of other member of family.
Unit -I : Community Health IntroductionSMVDCoN ,J&K
Special field of nursing that combines the skill of nursing, public health and same phase of social assistance and function as part of the total public health program for the promotion of health, the improvement of the condition in the social & physical environment, rehabilitation of illness & Disability.
Unit-IV introduction to CHN m.sc I year.pptxanjalatchi
Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing practice applied in promoting and preserving the health of the population. Community health implies integration of curative, preventive and promotional health services. The aim of community diagnosis is the identification of community health problems
This presentation contains ;-
1. Definition of community
2. Definition of health
3. definition of nursing
4. Causes of poor health
5. Definition of community health nursing
6. Types of communities
7. community health
8. Public health
9. Aims of public health
10. Aims of community health nurse
11. Objectives of community health nursing
12. Principles of community health nursing
13. Function of community health nurse
14. The mission of community health nursing
15. concepts of health
16. components of community health nursing
17. Scope of community health nursing
18. Community health nursing roles
Navigating the Health Insurance Market_ Understanding Trends and Options.pdfEnterprise Wired
From navigating policy options to staying informed about industry trends, this comprehensive guide explores everything you need to know about the health insurance market.
Medical Technology Tackles New Health Care Demand - Research Report - March 2...pchutichetpong
M Capital Group (“MCG”) predicts that with, against, despite, and even without the global pandemic, the medical technology (MedTech) industry shows signs of continuous healthy growth, driven by smaller, faster, and cheaper devices, growing demand for home-based applications, technological innovation, strategic acquisitions, investments, and SPAC listings. MCG predicts that this should reflects itself in annual growth of over 6%, well beyond 2028.
According to Chris Mouchabhani, Managing Partner at M Capital Group, “Despite all economic scenarios that one may consider, beyond overall economic shocks, medical technology should remain one of the most promising and robust sectors over the short to medium term and well beyond 2028.”
There is a movement towards home-based care for the elderly, next generation scanning and MRI devices, wearable technology, artificial intelligence incorporation, and online connectivity. Experts also see a focus on predictive, preventive, personalized, participatory, and precision medicine, with rising levels of integration of home care and technological innovation.
The average cost of treatment has been rising across the board, creating additional financial burdens to governments, healthcare providers and insurance companies. According to MCG, cost-per-inpatient-stay in the United States alone rose on average annually by over 13% between 2014 to 2021, leading MedTech to focus research efforts on optimized medical equipment at lower price points, whilst emphasizing portability and ease of use. Namely, 46% of the 1,008 medical technology companies in the 2021 MedTech Innovator (“MTI”) database are focusing on prevention, wellness, detection, or diagnosis, signaling a clear push for preventive care to also tackle costs.
In addition, there has also been a lasting impact on consumer and medical demand for home care, supported by the pandemic. Lockdowns, closure of care facilities, and healthcare systems subjected to capacity pressure, accelerated demand away from traditional inpatient care. Now, outpatient care solutions are driving industry production, with nearly 70% of recent diagnostics start-up companies producing products in areas such as ambulatory clinics, at-home care, and self-administered diagnostics.
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Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
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Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
concept and scope of community health and community health nursing
1. CONCEPT AND SCOPE OF COMMUNITY
HEALTH AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
NURSING
Puspanjali mohapatro
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Community Health Nursing
2. DEFINITION
Health
World Health Organisation (WHO) define
health as on April 1948 "Health is a state of
complete physical mental, and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease
or infirmity.”
3. Community
A group of people, often living in a defined geographical area, who
may share a common culture, values and norms, and are arranged
in a social structure according to relationships which
the community has developed over a period of time.
community health:-
Refers to the healthy status of the member of the community to
solve the problem affecting totality of a health care provided for the
community.
4. - According to WHO-
Aim of the community health -----------
Health promotion
Disease prevention
Management of factors affecting health
5. PUBLIC HEALTH NURSING
According to American Nurses Association(ANA 1999)public
health nursing is a population focused community nursing
practice with the goal of prevention of disease and disability by
creating the conditions where people can be healthy
Public health nursing (PHN) involves working with
communities and populations as equal partners, and focusing on
primary prevention and health promotion (ANA, 2007)
6. CONTI…..
Public health nursing is the practice of promoting
and protecting the health of populations using
knowledge from nursing, social, and public health
sciences (American Public Health Association,
Public Health Nursing Section, 1996)
7. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
Community health nursing is synthesis of
nursing practice and public health practice,
applied to promoting and preserving the health
of populations.
Health promotion, health maintenance, health
education and management, coordination and
continuity of care are used in a holistic approach
in the management of the health care of
individual, families, and groups in a community.
8. RIGHT TO HEALTH
Universal Declaration of human rights
established declaration in 1948, "Everyone
has the right to a standard of living adequate
for the health and well-being of himself and
his family. The preamble to the WHO
constitution also affirms that it is one of the
fundamental rights of every human being to
enjoy the highest attainable standard of
health"
9. THE CONCEPT "RIGHT TO HEALTH" ARE
Right to medical care
Right to responsibility for health Right to healthy
environment
Right to food
Right to procreate or not
Right of the deceased persons (determination of death,
abortion, etc.)
Right to die.
10. CHANGING CONCEPTS OF HEALTH
Biomedical Concept- This concept was
referred to as biomedical concept Medically
human body was equated to a machine and
disease was looked as breakdown of
machine while doctor was considered as the
repairer of the machine. Thus, health
became the ultimate goal of medicine.
11. CONTI…..
Psychological Concept
Developments in social sciences revealed the
fact that health is not only absence of disease but
also it is a social, economic, psychological,
cultural and political entity.
.Holistic Concept
This concept corresponds to the view of
population that health implies sound mind in a
sound body in a sound family and in a sound
environment.
12. ECOLOGICAL CONCEPT
Form ecological point of view; health is viewed
as a dynamic equilibrium between human being
and environment, and disease a maladjustment
of the human organism to environment.
According to Dubos “Health implies the relative
absence of pain and discomfort and a
continuous adaptation and adjustment to the
environment to ensure optimal function.”
The ecological concept raises two issues,
viz. imperfect man and imperfect
environment.
13. SCOPE OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
Industrial nursing
Domiciliary nursing
Mental health nursing
School health nursing
MCH and family planning services
Home care
Geriatric care
Rehabilitation center
14. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSE
Community health nurses act as advocates as well.
They might work to get a government funded health
facility that offers free or affordable healthcare into a
community made up of primarily low-income
individuals.
Roles: The primary role of the public health nurse is
to work within the community to support
population health and deliver preventive health care
services. ...Community dimensions of practice
including health service planning, advocacy, and
program effectiveness evaluation within and for
the community.
15. FUNCTION OF CHN
Managerial function-
i)assessment
ii)planning
iii)supervision
iv)co-ordination and co- operation
v)evaluation
Nursing function-
i) providing comprehensive care
ii)assisting in the diagnosis and treatment
16. CONTI.
iii) Guiding the family in taking care of the
patient.
iv)Regular home visit
-Educational function -
-other works
17. QUALITIES OF CHN
High Standards of Professionalism. ...
Never-Ending Diligence. ...
Exceptional Communication Skills. ...
Effective Interpersonal Skills. ...
Attention to Detail. ...
Quick Problem-Solving Abilities. ...
Action-Oriented. ...
Empathetic Disposition.
Sense of Humor
Solid Stamina
18. AIM OF CHN
Aim-
The aim of community health nursing practice is
to promote health and efficiency.
To prevent and control diseases and disabilities.
To prolong life by providing need based, well
balanced comprehensive health care services to
community at large through organized
community efforts.
19. OBJECTIVES
1) To increase the capability of community to deal with their own health problems.
2) To strengthen community resources
3) To control and counteract environment
4) To prevent and control communicable and non communicable diseases
5) To provide specialised services
6) To conduct research
7) To prepare health personnel
20. PRINCIPLES
1) Recognized needs and functioning within
the total health programme.
2)Clearly defined objectives and purposes for
its services.
3)An active organized citizens group of the
community group is an integral part of the
community health programme.
4)Community health nursing services are
available to the entire community.
21. CONTI.
5)Community health nursing recognized the family and
community as units of service. 6)Health education and
counselling for the individual, family and community are
the integral part of community health nursing.
7)Participation in planning relating to goals for the
attainment of health.
8)The community health nurse should qualify as a full-
fledged nurse.
9)Based on the needs of the patient and there should
be proper continuity of services to patients.
22. CONT.
10) Periodic and continuous appraisal and evaluation
of health situation.
11) The community health nurse should function/serve
as an important member of the health team.
12)There should be provision for qualified nurse to
make supervision for community health services.
13)The community health nurse directs the patient to
appropriate community resources for necessary
financial and social assistance.
14)Should not accept gifts or bribes from the patients.
23. ROLES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSES
Nurse Manager
Nurse Collaborator
Nurse Researcher
Nurse Leader
Nurse clinician
Nurse educator
Nurse advocate