This document discusses common functional groups found in organic compounds. It defines functional groups as atoms or groups of atoms that confer similar chemical properties and reactivity. The document then lists and provides examples of common functional groups including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatics, haloalkanes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, amines, and amides. It emphasizes that functional groups are important for classifying organic compounds, identifying sites of chemical reactions, and naming organic compounds.

1. Functional Groups of Organic Compounds Learning goal : Identify, name and draw the structures of the common functional groups.

2. Organic compounds are classified according to the type of functional group(s) present. Functional groups composed of an atom or groups of atoms … a structural features similar physical properties undergo __________ chemical reactions Functional Groups

3. Very important because they are: units by which organic compounds are divided into classes. sites of chemical reactions basis for naming organic compounds Functional Groups

4. Organic compounds can be represented as Functional Groups R - <functional group> The symbol R represents the rest of the molecule Useful in simplifying or summarizing equations

5. Classification of Organic Compounds Alkane Alkene Alkyne Aromatic Haloalkane (Alkylhalide) Alcohol Ether Aldehyde Ketone Carboxylic acid Ester Amine Amide

6. Alkane, Alkene and Alkyne | | - C – C - C = C - C  C - | | Alkane Alkene Alkyne Functional Group Example CH 3 CH 2 CH 3 CH 3 CH = CH 3 CH 3 C  CH Propane Propene Propyne

7. Haloalkane and Aromatic – X X : F, Cl, Br, I Alkyl halide Benzene Ring (Haloalkane) (Aromatic) Functional Group Example CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 Cl 1-Chloropropane Ethylbenzene

8. Alcohol and Ether – O – H – O – Alcohol Ether Functional Group Example CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH CH 3 CH 2 -O- CH 3 1-Propanol Ethyl methyl ether

9. Aldehyde and Ketone H | | – C = O – C = O Aldehyde Ketone Functional Group Example CH 3 CH 2 C=O CH 3 – C – CH 3 | || H O Propanal Acetone

10. Carboxylic Acid and Ester OH O | || – C = O – C – O – Carboxylic Ester Acid Functional Group Example CH 3 CH 2 C=O CH 3 – C – O - CH 3 | || OH O Propanoic Acid Methyl Acetate

11. Amine and Amide H O H | || | – N – H – C – N – H Amine Amide Functional Group Example CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 CH 2 – C – NH 2 | || NH 2 O 1-Propanamine Propanamide

12. Practice Classify the following organic compounds according to their functional groups: CH 3 CH 2 OH  CH 3 CH 2 NH CH 3  H 3 C -O- CH 3   Amine Carboxylic acid Alcohol Ether