The document outlines the concept of functional groups in organic chemistry, specifically for Class XI. It defines functional groups as the reactive parts of organic molecules that determine their chemical properties and classification. Various functional groups such as alcohols, aldehydes, and carboxylic acids are categorized, and their importance in nomenclature and chemical reactions is discussed.

1. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY - CLASS XI
Presented by Rusman, M.Si

2. FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OUTLINE
Definition
Some Of Functional
Groups
Classification

3. DEFINITION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Functional Groups
What is the familyname?

4. DEFINITION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
The reactive part of an
organic molecule
It’s composed of an atom or
group of atoms
Reactions take place at
functional groups
FUNCTIONAL
GROUPS
CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2 OH Functional group
Hydrocarbon portion
R OH Functional group
Hydrocarbon portion

5. DEFINITION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
The Importance of the Functional Group Concept
Give organic compounds their chemical “personalities”
3
Serve to classify organic compounds into
classes/ families
2
Serve as a basis for nomenclature
1

6. DEFINITION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
The Importance of the Functional Group Concept
Serve as a basis for nomenclature
1
C C Alkene
Give the name for Alkene not Alkyne
OH
Alcohol
Give the name for Alcohol not Aldehyde

7. DEFINITION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
The Importance of the Functional Group Concept
Serve to classify organic compounds into
classes/ families
2
Alkene
Pent-2-ene
OH
Alcohol
Butan-1-ol

8. DEFINITION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
The Importance of the Functional Group Concept
Give organic compounds their chemical “personalities”
3
Addition reaction
+ H2
Ni
250o
C
OH
Elimination reaction
H2SO4 conc.
170o
C
+H2O

9. SOME OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Focus on 16 Functional Groups
1
ALCOHOL
3
ETHER
2
PHENOL
6
CARBOXYLIC ACID
5
KETONE
4
ALDEHYDE

10. SOME OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
7
ESTER
9
ARENE
8
NITRILE
12
AMIDE
11
AMINE
10
ALKYL HALIDE

11. SOME OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
13
CARBOXYLIC ACID
HALIDE
15
THIOL
14
CARBOXYLIC ACID
ANHYDRIDE
ALKENE
16
SULFIDE ALKYNE

12. SOME OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Primary Alcohol (1o Alcohol): An alcohol in which the hydroxy group atatched to primary carbon

13. SOME OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

14. SOME OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

15. SOME OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

16. SOME OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Primary Amine (1o Amine): An amine in which the amino group is
directly bonded to one carbon

17. SOME OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
Primary Amine (1o Amide): An amide in which the amido group is
directly bonded to one carbon

18. SOME OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

19. SOME OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
NO COMMON IUPAC STRUCTURE OF FG
1 Alcohol Alkanol -OH
2 Ether Alkoxyalkane -O-
3 Aldehyde Alkanal
, -CHO
4 Ketone Alkanone
, -CO-
5 Carboxylic
Acid
Alkanoic Acid
, -COOH, -CO2H
6 Ester Alkyl Alkanoate
, -COO-, CO2-
7 Alkylhalide Haloalkane -X
8 Cyanide Nitrile -CN,
O
C
O
C H
O
C OH
O
C O
C N

20. EXAMPLES:
CH3 CH CH2
Br
CH3
CH2 CH2 CH2 CH
OH
CH2 CN
OHC

21. CLASSIFICATION OF FUNCTIONAL GROUPS
NO CLASS FAMILY OF FG
1 Functional Groups With
Carbon-carbon Multiple
Bonds
Alkenes, Alkynes,
Arenes
2 Functional Groups With
Carbon-Single Bonded To
Electronegative Atoms
Alcohols, Ethers,
Alkylhalides, Amines,
Sulfides, Thiols
3 Functional Groups With
Carbon-multiply Bonded To
Electronegative Atoms
Nitriles
4 Functional Groups With A
Carbon-oxygen Double Bond
(Carbonyl Groups)
Aldehydes, Ketones,
Carboxylic Acids, Esters,
Amides, Carboxylc Acid
anhydrydes, Carboxylic
acid Halides

22. THANK YOU!