Nutritional status types
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Presentation covers the different types of nutritional status in individuals; undernutrition, malnutrition, and over nutrition. Also discusses different causes of those types.
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This document discusses nutritional requirements from infancy to old age. It covers general considerations around human nutrient needs and recommended dietary allowances. Specific sections address energy requirements, protein requirements determined through nitrogen balance studies, fat intake recommendations, mineral needs, trace element requirements determined through balance or depletion/repletion studies, and vitamin intake levels established to prevent deficiency diseases. Guidelines are provided for requirements during pregnancy, lactation, and for infants and children based on growth and tissue demands.
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This document discusses the clinical assessment of nutritional status through physical examination. It provides guidance on identifying and classifying common physical signs of malnutrition, such as hair changes, skin and eye conditions, and muscle wasting. The summary is:
1) Physical examination can help detect nutritional deficiencies by identifying signs like delayed growth, skin pallor, and hair/body changes. However, signs are not specific and environmental factors can also cause similar signs.
2) Health workers can be trained to recognize major signs of malnutrition and refer patients for detailed examination. The WHO proposed a classification system to standardize identification and interpretation of signs.
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- Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) which establish recommendations for nutrient intake including the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL).
- The Dietary Guidelines for Americans which provide science-based advice to promote health and reduce risk of chronic disease.
- USDA Food Guides including MyPyramid which group foods and recommend daily servings to help people achieve a healthy diet.
- Food labels and daily values which provide information on calories and nutrients to help consumers make informed choices.
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2) Hepatitis is liver inflammation that can result from viral infections or other causes like excess alcohol. Symptoms include fatigue and jaundice. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antiviral drugs.
3) Cirrhosis is scarring of the liver that impairs its function. Major causes in the US are alcohol and hepatitis C
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2. Present four (4) levels that represent five (5) food group in Malaysian Food Guide Pyramid
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4. Present the 14 key Messages of Malaysian Dietary Guidelines and 15 Key Messages Malaysian Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents
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Topic 20 anthro meaurement230312
Malnutrition in children can be measured in several ways:
1) Low birth weight indicates intra-uterine undernutrition from maternal malnutrition.
2) Childhood malnutrition has severe consequences if it occurs early in life, negatively impacting growth, health, development and productivity.
3) Common anthropometric indicators used to measure nutritional status in children under 5 include height-for-age, weight-for-age, weight-for-height, and mid-upper arm circumference. Stunting, wasting and underweight are classifications based on these measures.
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- The Dietary Guidelines for Americans which provide science-based advice to promote health and reduce risk of chronic disease.
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The document discusses various liver diseases and their relationship to nutrition. It covers fatty liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver transplantation. Key points include:
1) Fatty liver disease is caused by an accumulation of fat in the liver from excess alcohol, drugs, or metabolic issues like insulin resistance. It can progress to inflammation and more serious conditions if not addressed.
2) Hepatitis is liver inflammation that can result from viral infections or other causes like excess alcohol. Symptoms include fatigue and jaundice. Treatment focuses on supportive care and antiviral drugs.
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Nutritional requirements
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Dietary Guidelines Presentation
The document summarizes the key points of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The guidelines placed a new emphasis on maintaining a healthy weight through the lifespan and providing proper nutrition for children. It acknowledged that broader food and physical activity environments influence choices and recommended coordinating across all sectors to improve environments. The guidelines also shifted to providing general dietary guidance rather than specific quantities and included research on behaviors like breakfast, snacking, and screen time.
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2. Present four (4) levels that represent five (5) food group in Malaysian Food Guide Pyramid
3. Read and understand a nutrition facts label.
4. Present the 14 key Messages of Malaysian Dietary Guidelines and 15 Key Messages Malaysian Dietary Guidelines for Children and Adolescents
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The document discusses several diet-related disorders including undernutrition, overnutrition, alcoholism, anemia, anorexia nervosa, bulimia, dental caries, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and obesity. It provides definitions and descriptions of each disorder, noting causes and symptoms. Major points made are that poor nutrition and lifestyle are linked to many health issues, and making better food choices can significantly reduce risks of diet-related disorders.
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Nutritional status types
- 1. Nutritional Status Types By Kimmer Collison-Ris MSN, FNP-C, WOCN Images by Bing & Google Images
- 2. Nutrition science is scientific knowledge that defines nutrient requirements for body maintenance, growth, activity, and reproduction Dietary assessment provides useful support data for biochemical assays of nutritional status, and it has the additional advantage of being easy to conduct among large groups of people in a non-traumatic fashion.
- 3. Referred to as the nutritional health of an individual Influenced by one’s living situation, available food supply, food choices, and state of health or disease
- 5. Marginal vitamin deficiency is a middle ground between adequate nutritional status and the point at which frank deficiency disease symptoms develop. Vitamin deficiency is not something that occurs abruptly or acutely Retrieved from orthomolecular.org/library /jom/1984/pdf/1984- v13n01-p027.pdf · PDF file
- 6. Dietary records including food and supplements Biochemical measurements such as blood nutrient levels, which can help identify specific deficiencies Anthropometric measurements such as body weight for height, which provide an estimate of body fat and muscle mass Clinical measurements looking at skin, hair, eyes, etc.
- 7. When nutrient intake is not sufficient to meet day-to-day needs and nutrient reserves are depleted Energy needs may be met, but micronutrients likely are lacking Excessive energy intake and low physical activity will, over time, result in unwanted weight gain and over-nutrition Also occurs with excessive intakes of micronutrients
- 9. Eating is influenced by: Ethnic background Cultural or religious beliefs Family habits Socioeconomic status Health status geographic location Personal likes and dislikes
- 10. Various forms ranging from marginal nutritional status to the famine victim w/kwashiorkor or marasmus Undernutrition defined as the outcome of insufficient food intake and repeated infectious diseases. Includes being underweight for one’s age, too short for one’s age (stunted), dangerously thin deficient in vitamins & minerals (micronutrient malnutrition).
- 11. Malnutrition refers to both undernutrition and overnutrition. Malnutrition -broad term used as an alternative to undernutrition also refers to overnutrition. Persons are malnourished if: their diet is inadequate in calories and protein for growth & maintenance If they’re unable to fully utilize food consumed reillness (undernutrition). also malnourished if they consume too many calories (overnutrition).
- 12. Definition: Person is not deficient but lacks the nutrient reserves to cope with any added physiologic or metabolic demand arising from injury or illness, the need to sustain a healthy pregnancy, or a childhood growth spurt
- 13. Causes: poor eating habits, stressed environments, or insufficient resources to obtain appropriate types or amounts of food
- 14. "Optimum Nutrition" can be defined as eating the right amounts of nutrients on a proper schedule to achieve the best performance and the longest possible lifetime in good health An elusive goal because demands of the body change from minute-to- minute based on physical activity medical science does not yet have a definitive set of comprehensive nutritional requirements for every human genetic variation. Reduced calorie diets have been shown to extend the lifetime of mice and many other species. Optimum Nutrition, re: longevity, is believed to require a reduction of calories from what would normally be consumed.
- 16. Schlenker, E and Roth, S. Williams Essentials of Nutrition and Diet Therapy. Elsevier Mosby: St. Louis, 2011. http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/1984/pdf/1984-v13n01- p027.pdf · PDF file http://www.unicef.org/progressforchildren/2006n4/index_unde rnutrition.html http://www.scientificpsychic.com/health/optimum- nutrition.html