This document discusses nursing health assessment and the nursing process. It is presented by Maria Carmela L. Domocmat, an instructor of nursing health assessment. The document covers the nursing process, which includes assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. It is the framework for professional nursing practice and promotes systematic, outcome-focused care. Critical thinking in nursing requires purposeful, results-oriented thinking based on nursing principles and scientific methods. It involves identifying problems, analyzing them, developing responses, and following through. Critical thinkers in nursing are constantly re-evaluating and improving.
Few would disagree that nursing is one of the most underrated professions in modern times. Being a nurse isn’t easy. In fact, it is a field that can be extremely demanding and even unforgiving to those who pursue it. Being around the ailing and the frazzled for long hours and dealing with them patiently day after day can be challenging, to say the least.
Florence nightingale’s environment theoryShrooti Shah
The foundation of Nightingale’s theory is the environment- all the external conditions and forces that influence the life and development of an organism.
According to her, external influences and conditions can prevent, suppress, or contribute to disease or death.
Her goal was to help the patient retain his own vitality by meeting his basic needs through control of the environment.
gud evening guys
this is descrive you that this ppt is making very simple way and i hope this will help you to understand lightky about nursing theories
The principal goal of education is to create men and women . . .who have minds which can be critical, can verify, and not accept everything they are offered.
-Jean Piaget
Few would disagree that nursing is one of the most underrated professions in modern times. Being a nurse isn’t easy. In fact, it is a field that can be extremely demanding and even unforgiving to those who pursue it. Being around the ailing and the frazzled for long hours and dealing with them patiently day after day can be challenging, to say the least.
Florence nightingale’s environment theoryShrooti Shah
The foundation of Nightingale’s theory is the environment- all the external conditions and forces that influence the life and development of an organism.
According to her, external influences and conditions can prevent, suppress, or contribute to disease or death.
Her goal was to help the patient retain his own vitality by meeting his basic needs through control of the environment.
gud evening guys
this is descrive you that this ppt is making very simple way and i hope this will help you to understand lightky about nursing theories
The principal goal of education is to create men and women . . .who have minds which can be critical, can verify, and not accept everything they are offered.
-Jean Piaget
nursing records and reports, definition, purposes, principles, values and uses, types, records in hospital, types of reports, how to write better report, nursing responsibilities
"We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them." -Albert Einstein
Train your brain to look at situations and problems differently, open your mind to new ideas, and use scientific reasoning on your problems.
Steps in nursing process, Specific to the nursing profession
A framework for critical thinking
It’s purpose is to:
“Diagnose and treat human responses to actual or potential health problems”
TEDx Manchester: AI & The Future of WorkVolker Hirsch
TEDx Manchester talk on artificial intelligence (AI) and how the ascent of AI and robotics impacts our future work environments.
The video of the talk is now also available here: https://youtu.be/dRw4d2Si8LA
The DSM-5: A Postmodern Re-Vision for Counseling (PowerPoint)Jeffrey Guterman
PowerPoint for Education Session, "The DSM-5: A Postmodern Re-Vision for Counseling" presented by Jeffrey Guterman Ph.D. and Clayton V. Martin, M.S. at the American Counseling Association's 2014 Conference & Exposition, Orlando on March 15, 2015. More information: http://jeffreyguterman.com/dsm2015.html
Caring for You: The Mental & Emotional Toll of Survivorshipbkling
A cancer diagnosis is stressful. From gathering information about treatment options to navigating relationships with loved ones, it is normal to feel overwhelmed and emotional. This session will provide concrete tools for sharpening self-awareness to better understand needs and gain strategies for coping with intense emotions like worry and fear.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
1. Nursing Health Assessment
Maria Carmela L. Domocmat, MSN, RN
Instructor, Nursing Health Assessment
School of Nursing
Northern Luzon Adventist College
2. • Review of the Nursing Process
• Critical Thinking
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
3. Nursing Process: A Review
• What is the nursing process and why
learn about it?
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
4. Nursing Process
• Nursing Process and Maslow are the
main frameworks for the local board
and the NCLEX Exams.
• Remember ONLY the RN can assess,
develop a plan of care, evaluate and
educate clients.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
5. Nursing Process cont.
• is the framework for professional
nursing practice.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
6. Nursing Process cont.
• Is a systematic, dynamic way of giving
systematic,
nursing care
• Promotes humanistic, outcome-focused,
humanistic, outcome-focused,
cost-
cost-effective care
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
7. Nursing Process cont.
• Pushes nurses to continually examine
what they are doing and to study how it
can be done better.
• Consists of five interrelated steps
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
8. Nursing Process cont.
1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Planning
4. Implementing
5. Evaluating
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
10. Nursing Process
• Why systematic?
• Why dynamic?
• Why humanistic?
• Why outcome-focused?
outcome-
• Why cost-effective
cost-
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
11. Systematic
• Like a problem-solving method
problem-
• It consists of five steps during which
you take deliberate steps to maximize
efficiency and attain long-term
long-
beneficial results.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
12. Dynamic
• As you gain more experience, you’ll
find yourself moving back and forth
between the steps, sometimes
combining activities, yet getting the
same end result.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
13. Dynamic cont.
• For example, new nurses often need to
methodically assess a patient for quite some
time before coming to a diagnosis, whereas
experienced nurses often immediately
suspect a diagnosis, then assess the patient
more closely to see of they are correct.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
14. Humanistic
• The nursing process involves looking at the
whole patient at all times.
• It personalizes the patient.
• As nurses, we deal with the body, mind and
spirit.
• He is not "the CVA in bed # 5."
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
15. Humanistic
• We strive to understand each individual’s health
problems and the corresponding impact on one’s
sense of well-being and ability to do daily
well-
activities.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
16. Humanistic
• The process provides a
roadmap that ensures good
nursing care and improves
patient outcomes.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
17. Outcome-
Outcome-focused
• Result-oriented
Result-
• The steps of the nursing process are
designed to keep the focus on
determining whether people seeking
health care are getting the best results
in the most efficient way.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
18. Why learn about it?
• The nursing process provides the basis
for the board exams –you need to be
thoroughly familiar with it to think
your way to through the questions.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
19. Why learn about it?
• It help you think critically in the clinical
setting—
setting—you must master the principles
behind the nursing process.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
20. Why learn about it?
• Using the nursing process complements
what other health care professionals do by
focusing on both the medical problems and
human response –how the person responds to
medical problems, treatment plans, and
changes in activities of daily life.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
21. Comparison
Physician’s data Nurse’s data
• Disease focus Wholistic focus –
considering their
problems and their
effect on the
person’s ability to
function
independently.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
22. Physician’s data
• Mrs. Garcia has pain and swelling in all
joints. Diagnostic studies indicate that she
has rheumatoid arthritis. We will start her
in a course of anti-inflammatories to treat
anti-
the rheumatoid arthritis.
• (Focus is on treating the arthritis)
arthritis)
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
23. Nurse’s data
• Mrs. Garcia has pain and swelling in all
joints, making it difficult to dress herself. She
has voiced that it’s difficult to feel worthwhile
when she can’t even feed herself. She states
that she is depressed because she misses
seeing her two small grandchildren.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
24. Nurse’s data
• We need to develop a plan to help her
pain, to assist with her feeding and
dressing, to work through feelings of low
self-
self-esteem, and for special visitations
with the grandchildren.
• (Focus is on Mrs. Garcia)
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
27. Critical Thinking
• Unlike the mindless thinking
we do when we do our daily
routine, critical thinking is
careful, deliberate, outcome-
outcome-
focused (results-oriented)
(results-
thinking.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
28. What is critical thinking in
nursing?
Critical thinking in nursing:
• Entails purposeful, outcome-oriented
outcome-
(results-
(results-oriented) thinking.
• Is driven by patient, family, and
community needs.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
29. Critical thinking in nursing:
• Is based on principles of nursing
process and scientific method
• Requires knowledge, skills and
experience
• Is guided by professional standards and
ethics codes.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
30. Critical thinking in nursing:
• The ability to:
• identify a problem
• analyze it
• develop a response
• follow through
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
31. Critical thinking in nursing:
• Requires strategies that maximize
human potential (e.g., using individual
strengths) and compensate for
problems created by human nature (e.g.,
the powerful influence of personal
perspectives, values and beliefs.)
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
32. Critical thinking in nursing:
• Is constantly re-evaluating, self-
re- self-
correcting, and striving to improve.
(Source: Alfaro-LeFevre (1999). Critical thinking in nursing:
Alfaro-
A practical approach. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. )
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
33. How to Become a Critical
Thinker
Critical thinking is like any other skill:
if you practice it, it becomes more
automatic.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
34. • Take a few moments to look at the list
of the characteristics of critical thinkers,
and evaluate your current habits of
thinking
• Check each characteristics and ask
yourself, “Is this me?”
• Put a mark next to the ones you want to
develop or improve.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
35. Characteristics of Critical Thinkers
Critical Thinkers are:
• Aware of their strengths and
capabilities:
capabilities: They’re confident that they
can reason to find answers and make
good decision.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
36. • Sensitive to their own limitations and
predispositions:
predispositions: They know their
weaknesses, values, and beliefs and
recognize when these may hamper their
ability to assess a situation or solve a
problem.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
37. • Open minded: They listen to new ideas
minded:
and viewpoints and consider the
situation from many perspectives.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
38. • Humble: They overcome their own
Humble:
tendency to feel that they should have
all the answers.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
39. • Creative: They are constantly looking
Creative:
for better ways to get things done. They
follow recommended procedures;
however, they continually examine
whether these are the best way to meet
the goals and objectives.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
40. The Client in Context
• Proactive: they accept
Proactive:
responsibility and
accountability for their
actions. They study situations, anticipate
problems, and find ways to avoid them
before they happen.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
41. • Flexible: They recognize the
Flexible:
importance of changing priorities and
interventions when planned
approaches don’t seem to be getting
results.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
42. • Aware that errors are stepping-stones
stepping-
to new ideas: They turn mistakes into
ideas:
learning opportunities, reflecting on
what went wrong and identifying ways
to avoid the same mistake in the future.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
43. • Willing to persevere: They know that
persevere:
sometimes there are no easy answers
and that there may be time-consuming
time-
struggles to find the best answer.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
44. • Cognizant to the fact that we don’t live
in a perfect world:
world:
• They realize that sometimes the best answer
may not be the perfect answer.
answer.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
45. • Introspective:
Introspective:
• They evaluate and correct
their own thinking.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
46. Critical Thinkers also:
• Maintain questioning attitude:
attitude:
• They ask questions like: “What’s going on
here?”; “What does it mean?”; and “What
else could it mean, and how else could it be
interpreted?”
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
47. • Ask for clarification when they don’t
understand:
understand:
• For example, they say, “I’m not clear about
this. Can you tell me more?” or ask
questions like, “What do you mean by
better, better in what way?”
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
48. • Apply previous knowledge to new
situations:
situations:
• They see similarities and differences
between one experience and another,
between one concept and another.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
49. • See the situation from many
perspectives:
perspectives:
• They value all viewpoints and watch that
their judgments are based on facts, not
facts,
personal feelings, views, or self-interests.
self-
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
50. • Weigh risks and benefits (advantaged
and disadvantages) before making a
decision:
decision:
• They avoid risky decisions and find ways
to reduce adverse reactions before putting
a plan into action.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
51. • Seek help when needed.
needed.
• Put first things first:
first:
• They ask, “What is the most
important thing to do
here?”
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
52. Critical Thinkers use logic.
• They test first impressions to make
test
sure they are as they appear:
appear:
• They double-check the logic of their
double-
thinking and workability of their solutions.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
53. • Distinguish between fact and fallacy:
fallacy:
• They take time to verify important
information to be sure it’s true.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
54. • Distinguish fact from inference (what
they believe the fact means):
means):
• For example, they recognize that because
someone is sitting quietly in a corner may
not mean that the individual is withdrawn;
withdrawn;
It means that they are sitting quietly in a
corner and that it would be helpful to find
out why.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
55. • Support views with evidence:
evidence:
• They wouldn’t state that the person above
is withdrawn without providing additional
supporting evidence, such as the
individual saying he wants nothing to do
with anyone.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
56. • Determine what’s relevant and what’s
irrelevant:
irrelevant:
• They recognize what’s important for
understanding a situation and what’s
unimportant.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
57. • Apply the concept of “cause and effect”:
effect”:
• They look for what’s causing a problem to
more fully understand the problem itself. They
anticipate responses to their actions before
performing the actions. For example, critical
thinkers would attempt to find out the cause of
pain before deciding how to treat it. They
would determine how someone might respond
to a medication before administering it.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
58. • Withhold judgment until all the
necessary facts are in:
in:
• They realize the dangers of jumping to
conclusions.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN