Nurses are primarily involved in the administration of medication across various settings. Nurses are also involved in both dispensing and preparation of medication. Research on medical administration errors (MAEs) shows an error rate of 60%, 34 mainly in the form of wrong time, wrong rate, or wrong dose.
There are many ways to prevent medication errors and one way of which is understanding the 10 “rights” of drug administration:
The five most frequently-occurring and most stressful ethical and patient care issues were protecting patients' rights; autonomy and informed consent to treatment; staffing patterns; advanced care planning; and surrogate decision-making.
Nurses are primarily involved in the administration of medication across various settings. Nurses are also involved in both dispensing and preparation of medication. Research on medical administration errors (MAEs) shows an error rate of 60%, 34 mainly in the form of wrong time, wrong rate, or wrong dose.
There are many ways to prevent medication errors and one way of which is understanding the 10 “rights” of drug administration:
The five most frequently-occurring and most stressful ethical and patient care issues were protecting patients' rights; autonomy and informed consent to treatment; staffing patterns; advanced care planning; and surrogate decision-making.
The DSM-5: A Postmodern Re-Vision for Counseling (PowerPoint)Jeffrey Guterman
PowerPoint for Education Session, "The DSM-5: A Postmodern Re-Vision for Counseling" presented by Jeffrey Guterman Ph.D. and Clayton V. Martin, M.S. at the American Counseling Association's 2014 Conference & Exposition, Orlando on March 15, 2015. More information: http://jeffreyguterman.com/dsm2015.html
Caring for You: The Mental & Emotional Toll of Survivorshipbkling
A cancer diagnosis is stressful. From gathering information about treatment options to navigating relationships with loved ones, it is normal to feel overwhelmed and emotional. This session will provide concrete tools for sharpening self-awareness to better understand needs and gain strategies for coping with intense emotions like worry and fear.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...
Nursing Process and Critical Thinking
1. Nursing Health Assessment
Maria Carmela L. Domocmat, MSN, RN
Associate Professor, School of Nursing
Northern Luzon Adventist College
2. • Review of the Nursing Process
• Critical Thinking
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
3. Nursing Process: A Review
• What is the nursing process and why
learn about it?
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
4. Nursing Process
• Nursing Process and Maslow are the
main frameworks for the local board
and the NCLEX Exams.
• Remember ONLY the RN can assess,
develop a plan of care, evaluate and
educate clients.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
5. Nursing Process cont.
• is the framework for professional
nursing practice.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
6. Nursing Process cont.
• Is a systematic, dynamic way of giving
nursing care
• Promotes humanistic, outcome-focused,
cost-effective care
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
7. Nursing Process cont.
• Pushes nurses to continually examine
what they are doing and to study how it
can be done better.
• Consists of five interrelated steps
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
8. Nursing Process cont.
1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis
3. Planning
4. Implementing
5. Evaluating
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
10. Nursing Process
• Why systematic?
• Why dynamic?
• Why humanistic?
• Why outcome-focused?
• Why cost-effective
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
11. Systematic
• Like a problem-solving method
• It consists of five steps during which
you take deliberate steps to maximize
efficiency and attain long-term
beneficial results.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
12. Dynamic
• As you gain more experience, you’ll
find yourself moving back and forth
between the steps, sometimes
combining activities, yet getting the
same end result.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
13. Dynamic cont.
• For example, new nurses often need to
methodically assess a patient for quite some
time before coming to a diagnosis, whereas
experienced nurses often immediately
suspect a diagnosis, then assess the patient
more closely to see of they are correct.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
14. Humanistic
• The nursing process involves looking at the
whole patient at all times.
• It personalizes the patient.
• As nurses, we deal with the body, mind and
spirit.
• He is not "the CVA in bed # 5."
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
15. Humanistic
• We strive to understand each individual’s health
problems and the corresponding impact on one’s
sense of well-being and ability to do daily
activities.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
16. Humanistic
• The process provides a
roadmap that ensures good
nursing care and improves
patient outcomes.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
17. Outcome-focused
• Result-oriented
• The steps of the nursing process are
designed to keep the focus on
determining whether people seeking
health care are getting the best results
in the most efficient way.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
18. Why learn about it?
• The nursing process provides the basis
for the board exams –you need to be
thoroughly familiar with it to think
your way to through the questions.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
19. Why learn about it?
• It help you think critically in the clinical
setting—you must master the principles
behind the nursing process.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
20. Why learn about it?
• Using the nursing process complements
what other health care professionals do by
focusing on both the medical problems and
human response –how the person responds to
medical problems, treatment plans, and
changes in activities of daily life.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
21. Comparison
Physician’s data
• Disease focus
Nurse’s data
Wholistic focus –
considering their
problems and their
effect on the
person’s ability to
function
independently.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
22. Physician’s data
• Mrs. Garcia has pain and swelling in all
joints. Diagnostic studies indicate that she
has rheumatoid arthritis. We will start her
in a course of anti-inflammatories to treat
the rheumatoid arthritis.
• (Focus is on treating the arthritis)
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
23. Nurse’s data
• Mrs. Garcia has pain and swelling in all
joints, making it difficult to dress herself. She
has voiced that it’s difficult to feel worthwhile
when she can’t even feed herself. She states
that she is depressed because she misses
seeing her two small grandchildren.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
24. Nurse’s data
• We need to develop a plan to help her
pain, to assist with her feeding and
dressing, to work through feelings of low
self-esteem, and for special visitations
with the grandchildren.
• (Focus is on Mrs. Garcia)
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
27. Critical Thinking
• Unlike the mindless thinking
we do when we do our daily
routine, critical thinking is
careful, deliberate, outcome-
focused (results-oriented)
thinking.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
28. What is critical thinking in
nursing?
Critical thinking in nursing:
• Entails purposeful, outcome-oriented
(results-oriented) thinking.
• Is driven by patient, family, and
community needs.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
29. Critical thinking in nursing:
• Is based on principles of nursing
process and scientific method
• Requires knowledge, skills and
experience
• Is guided by professional standards and
ethics codes.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
30. Critical thinking in nursing:
• The ability to:
• identify a problem
•analyze it
•develop a response
• follow through
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
31. Critical thinking in nursing:
• Requires strategies that maximize
human potential (e.g., using individual
strengths) and compensate for
problems created by human nature (e.g.,
the powerful influence of personal
perspectives, values and beliefs.)
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
32. Critical thinking in nursing:
• Is constantly re-evaluating, self-
correcting, and striving to improve.
(Source: Alfaro-LeFevre (1999). Critical thinking in nursing:
A practical approach. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. )
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
33. How to Become a Critical
Thinker
Critical thinking is like any other skill:
if you practice it, it becomes more
automatic.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
34. • Take a few moments to look at the list
of the characteristics of critical thinkers,
and evaluate your current habits of
thinking
• Check each characteristics and ask
yourself, ―Is this me?‖
• Put a mark next to the ones you want to
develop or improve.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
35. Characteristics of Critical Thinkers
Critical Thinkers are:
• Aware of their strengths and
capabilities: They’re confident that they
can reason to find answers and make
good decision.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
36. • Sensitive to their own limitations and
predispositions: They know their
weaknesses, values, and beliefs and
recognize when these may hamper their
ability to assess a situation or solve a
problem.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
37. • Open minded: They listen to new ideas
and viewpoints and consider the
situation from many perspectives.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
38. • Humble: They overcome their own
tendency to feel that they should have
all the answers.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
39. • Creative: They are constantly looking
for better ways to get things done. They
follow recommended procedures;
however, they continually examine
whether these are the best way to meet
the goals and objectives.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
40. The Client in Context
• Proactive: they accept
responsibility and
accountability for their
actions. They study situations, anticipate
problems, and find ways to avoid them
before they happen.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
41. • Flexible: They recognize the
importance of changing priorities and
interventions when planned
approaches don’t seem to be getting
results.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
42. • Aware that errors are stepping-stones
to new ideas: They turn mistakes into
learning opportunities, reflecting on
what went wrong and identifying ways
to avoid the same mistake in the future.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
43. • Willing to persevere: They know that
sometimes there are no easy answers
and that there may be time-consuming
struggles to find the best answer.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
44. • Cognizant to the fact that we don’t live
in a perfect world:
• They realize that sometimes the best answer
may not be the perfect answer.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
45. • Introspective:
• They evaluate and correct
their own thinking.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
46. Critical Thinkers also:
• Maintain questioning attitude:
• They ask questions like: ―What’s going on
here?‖; ―What does it mean?‖; and ―What
else could it mean, and how else could it be
interpreted?‖
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
47. • Ask for clarification when they don’t
understand:
• For example, they say, ―I’m not clear about
this. Can you tell me more?‖ or ask
questions like, ―What do you mean by
better, better in what way?‖
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
48. • Apply previous knowledge to new
situations:
• They see similarities and differences
between one experience and another,
between one concept and another.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
49. • See the situation from many
perspectives:
• They value all viewpoints and watch that
their judgments are based on facts, not
personal feelings, views, or self-interests.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
50. • Weigh risks and benefits (advantaged
and disadvantages) before making a
decision:
• They avoid risky decisions and find ways
to reduce adverse reactions before putting
a plan into action.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
51. • Seek help when needed.
• Put first things first:
• They ask, ―What is the most
important thing to do
here?‖
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
52. Critical Thinkers use logic.
• They test first impressions to make
sure they are as they appear:
• They double-check the logic of their
thinking and workability of their solutions.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
53. • Distinguish between fact and fallacy:
• They take time to verify important
information to be sure it’s true.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
54. • Distinguish fact from inference (what
they believe the fact means):
• For example, they recognize that because
someone is sitting quietly in a corner may
not mean that the individual is withdrawn;
It means that they are sitting quietly in a
corner and that it would be helpful to find
out why.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
55. • Support views with evidence:
• They wouldn’t state that the person above
is withdrawn without providing additional
supporting evidence, such as the
individual saying he wants nothing to do
with anyone.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
56. • Determine what’s relevant and what’s
irrelevant:
• They recognize what’s important for
understanding a situation and what’s
unimportant.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
57. • Apply the concept of “cause and effect”:
• They look for what’s causing a problem to
more fully understand the problem itself. They
anticipate responses to their actions before
performing the actions. For example, critical
thinkers would attempt to find out the cause of
pain before deciding how to treat it. They
would determine how someone might respond
to a medication before administering it.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN
58. • Withhold judgment until all the
necessary facts are in:
• They realize the dangers of jumping to
conclusions.
Maria Carmela L. DOmocmat. RN, MSN