nursing process is the base or heart of complete nursing and nursing process gives the framework for the nurses in giving care to the patient the knowledge of nursing process is must to become a licensed nurse or to practice nursing this ppt give nurses a brief idea what all thing are including in nursing process and to determine efficiency, knowledge, skills and attitude of personnel and can make best use of their skills into clinical practice.
nursing process is the base or heart of complete nursing and nursing process gives the framework for the nurses in giving care to the patient the knowledge of nursing process is must to become a licensed nurse or to practice nursing this ppt give nurses a brief idea what all thing are including in nursing process and to determine efficiency, knowledge, skills and attitude of personnel and can make best use of their skills into clinical practice.
Tags: nursing process, purpose of nursing process, characteristics of nursing process, nursing process framework, importance of nursing process, components of nursing process
The nursing process functions as a systematic guide to client-centered care with 5 sequential steps. These are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment is the first step and involves critical thinking skills and data collection; subjective and objective
Tags: nursing process, purpose of nursing process, characteristics of nursing process, nursing process framework, importance of nursing process, components of nursing process
The nursing process functions as a systematic guide to client-centered care with 5 sequential steps. These are assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. Assessment is the first step and involves critical thinking skills and data collection; subjective and objective
PDAs for Nursing Students: Technology at Your FingertipsCynthia.Russell
A slideshow prepared for a class presentation on the use of PDAs in nursing schools. Data are presented for two surveys, one with students who were required to use PDAs and one with students who were not required to use PDAs.
Introduction to Expectedness/Unexpectedness Assessment in Drug Safety & Pharmacovigilance of Pharmaceuticals, Bio-Pharmaceuticals, Medical Devices, Cosmeceuticals and Foods.
Contact:
"Katalyst Healthcares & Life Sciences"
South Plainfield, NJ, USA
info@KatalystHLS.com
Introduction to the Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP) scoreivteam
The Visual Infusion Phlebitis score is a standardised approach to monitoring peripheral IV catheter sites.
The fact that it encourages site observation means that it also has an impact on other peripheral IV catheter problems such as dislodgement, infiltration and infection.
The innovation of this tool is the recognition of the visual nature of peripheral IV problems and the subsequent benefits of a visual tool to identify these issues early.
As health care workers we have a duty of care to monitor the condition of a patients IV site.
Failure to monitor IV sites is seen as failure in duty of care.
The VIP score is internationally acknowledged as a proven standardised tool for the monitoring of peripheral IV catheter sites.
Nursing process (fundamental of nursing)romanajavaid
Nursing process is systematic frame work to provide quality care to patients in which nurses learned how to assess,make nursing diagnose,plan ,implementation and evaluation.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
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2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
3. Nursing Process
The Nursing Process is a framework that helps organize
and deliver nursing care. It:
Is orderly, systematic.
Is central to all nursing care.
Is used to identify, prevent and treat actual or potential
health problems and promote wellness.
Encompasses all steps taken by the nurse in caring for
individuals, families, groups, and communities.
Must be used by nurses
4. Definition of the Nursing
Process
An organized sequence of problem-
solving steps used to identify and to
manage the health problems of clients
It is accepted for clinical practice
established by the American Nurses
Association
5. Benefits of Nursing Process
Provides an orderly & systematic method for
planning & providing care
Enhances nursing efficiency by standardizing
nursing practice
Facilitates documentation of care
Provides a unity of language for the nursing
profession
Is economical
Stresses the independent function of nurses
Increases care quality through the use of
deliberate actions
7. Characteristics of the
Nursing Process
Within the legal scope of nursing
Based on knowledge-requiring critical
thinking
Planned-organized and systematic
Client-centered
Goal-directed
Prioritized
Dynamic
8. Being Accountable
Using critical thinking before taking
actions
Being responsible for your actions
Entering the professional role
Working at the level of your peers
Using the nursing process
9. Something to think about:
Nurses are responsible for a unique
dimension of healthcare – “ the
diagnosis and treatment of human
responses to actual or potential health
problems”
10. The Nursing Process Is:
Cyclic and dynamic
Goal directed and client centered
Interpersonal and collaborative
Universally applicable
Systematic
12. Nursing Process
1. Assessment – The nurse gathers subjective & objective
information from the client & other sources in order to
understand the client’s situation.
2. Nursing Diagnosis –Organizes (in collaboration with the
client), interprets the data and makes nursing
diagnosis/diagnoses, which is nursing’s perspective on the
appropriate focus for client nursing care.
3.Planning- Sets, in collaboration with client, mutually agreed
upon goals of care, desired outcomes strategies to achieve
goals of care & the identification & prioritization of
appropriate nursing actions.
14. Advantages of using the
Nursing Process
Continuity of care
Prevention of
duplication
Individualized
care
Promotes critical
thinking & safety
■ Increased client
participation
■ Collaboration of
care
■ Application of
Standards of care.
15. Critical Thinking
CRITICAL THINKING - is an active,
organized cognitive process used to
examine one’s own thinking.
It is a time for making decisions and
reflecting, and taking nothing for
granted.
Nurses use critical thinking as they
begin to question “WHY”? What else?
Why not??? What?
16. A nurse who is a good critical thinker
& uses the nursing process as
intended, faces problems without
forming a quick simple solution, but
considers the value of all reasonable
options.
19. What Is the Nursing
Assessment?
Assessment is the first
step of the Nursing
Process. It includes the
collection & analysis of
subjective & objective
data pertinent to a client.
20. Nursing Assessment
Initially, the nurse must determine if the assessment
should be a quick overview (consider the client’s
presenting priorities, specialty area of practice) or a
detailed examination of the client’s case.
In facilities, data is usually collected on standardized
nursing assessment forms, designed to collect
targeted relevant data.
Forms may differ depending on agency and setting.
21. Nursing Assessment
After the initial assessment the nurse
focuses on the client’s potential
problems by conducting a more
comprehensive assessment.
22. How Is Data Obtained?
Data are obtained through:
Interviews- patient, nurses, support
persons, HCPs
Physical examinations
Observations
Review of records and diagnostic
reports
Collaboration with colleagues
23. Data Collection: Sources of Data
Client-usually the best source of information, pay attention to your
client, act interested.
Family and Significant Others- used as primary sources of information
about infants, children, and critically ill, intellectually disabled,
disoriented, or unconscious clients. Can be used as secondary
sources of information.
Health Care Team /nurse caring for patient -change of shift report
Nurse’s Own Experience- Through experience the nurse learns to ask
questions that yield important information
Medical or Other Records- medical hx, lab tests, diagnostic study tests,
educational, military records ect.
Literature Review, Standards of Care, Procedures
24. Assessment
Data Gathering
Tools/Reports
Health History –
Health promotion & disease prevention
behaviours, health problems & responses & risk
factors (biological & environmental).
Requisites (needs): Universal SCR, Health
Deviation SCR, Developmental SCR (physiological,
psychological, sociological, spiritual) Other: Health
practices, family and social support, goals, values,
and expectations about the health care system.
Physical assessment: Head to toe assessment
25. During Assessment Use:
Critical thinking
Broad knowledge base
Effective communication skills
Keen observation and physical
assessment skills
26. ASSESSMENT ALSO INCLUDES
CLIENT’S:
• current and past health and functional status
• present and past coping patterns (strengths and
limitations)
• response to therapy (past/present, nursing/medical)
• risk for potential problems
• desire for a higher level of wellness
• health practices
• support system
• goals, values & expectations re health care system
• need for nursing
27. Importance of Client
Expectations
Client/patient expectations
influence the nurses’ success in
developing a relationship with the
client that leads to a directed,
purposeful and comprehensive
assessment.
28. Subjective vs. Objective
Data
Subjective data- information reported by the client.
Only the client can determine this data. Ex: “I am
scared, about surgery”
Objective data- observations or measurements
made by nurse - i.e. vital signs, physical
assessments, laboratory tests/values, changes in
behavior (physical assessment)
Based on assessment data gathering tools
modeled on Orem’s Self-Care Model.
29. Nursing Health History
The Nursing Health History is the
systematic collection of subjective and
objective data used to determine a
clients self care requisites, functional
ability and ways of coping.
30. Purpose of the Subjective Component of
the Nursing Health History
Provides subjective data on the client’s
health care experiences and current
health and lifestyle habits.
i.e. patient’s level of wellness, present
and past family history, changes in life
patterns, review of systems etc
31. Nursing Health History
Nurses need to
…document all relevant
information on time… Pay attention to
facts and be as descriptive as
possible.
32. What Are Your
Responsibilities?
Recognize health problems.
Anticipate complications.
Initiate actions to ensure appropriate
and timely treatment.
Begin to think CRITICALLY !!!!!!
33. Critical Thinking
MENTAL OPERATIONS –decision
making & reasoning
KNOWLEDGE-having the facts &
understanding the reason behind the
knowledge
ATTITUDES- curious/open-minded/non-
judgmental….
34. Assessment of Well-Being
According to the World Health
Organization is well-being in
these domains:
Emotional
Physical
Social
Spiritual
35. TYPES OF INTERVIEWS
DIRECTED
NON-DIRECTED
THINGS THAT IMPAIR COMMUNICATION:
PRESENTING QUICK SOLUTIONS
UNWARRANTED CHEERFULNESS
FALSE REASSURANCE
GIVING ADVICE
CHANGING THE SUBJECT
36. CULTURAL DIVERSITY
MUST PROVIDE CARE CONGRUENT
WITH A CLIENT’S EXPECTATIONS
“This is not about you” ?
Respect INDIVIDUAL’S DIFFERENCES,
What is the significance of the problem
or illness to the client?
What does it mean in the
family/community?
38. Continued
THE NURSING PROCESS HELPS
NURSES UNDERSTAND THE
STRATEGIES CLIENTS USE IN
their attempt at coping:
This knowledge will help you
FURTHER INDIVIDUALIZE THEIR
CARE
39. Resources
Client
Other individuals
Previous records
Consultations
Diagnostics studies
Relevant literature
40. Assessment
Data base assessment –
comprehensive information you
gather on initial contact with the
person to assess all aspects of health
status.
Focus assessment – the data you
gather to determine the status of a
specific condition.
41. Sources of Data
Primary source: Client
Secondary source: Client’s family,
reports, test results, information in
current and past medical records, and
discussions with other health care
workers
42. Disease Prevention
Primary prevention – protection from
a disease while still in a healthy state.
Secondary prevention – early
detection and treatment of disease.
Tertiary prevention – prevent
complications and to maintain health
once the disease process has
occurred.
43. Verifying Data
Essential in critical thinking!!!!!
Measurable data
Double check personal observations
Double check equipment
Check with experts and team members
Recheck out-liers
Compare objective and subjective data
Clarify statements
45. General Guidelines for
Setting Priorities
1. Take care of immediate
life-threatening issues.
2. Safety issues.
3. Patient-identified issues.
4. Nurse-identified priorities based on
the overall picture, the patient as a
whole person, and availability of
time and resources.
46. Nurse Identified Priorities
Composite of all patient’s strengths
and health concerns.
Moral and ethical issues.
Time, resources, and setting.
Hierarchy of needs.
Interdisciplinary planning.
47. Identifying Client-centered
Outcomes
State what the patient will do
or experience at the completion
of care.
Give direction to the patient’s
overall care.
Patient behaviors not nurse
behaviors!!
“The patient will…”
48. DIAGNOSIS
Sort, cluster, analyze information
Identify potential problems and
strengths
Write statement of problem or
strength
Risk of infection related to
compromised nutrition
49. Nursing Diagnosis (cont.)
Potential for effective breastfeeding
related to knowledge level and
support system
Prioritize the problems
Not a medical diagnosis
50. Steps for deriving outcomes
from Nursing Diagnosis
Look at the first clause of the nursing
dx and restate in a statement that
describes improvement, control or
absence of the problem.
Risk for infection r/t surgical
procedure.
The client will demonstrate no signs
or symptoms of infection.
51. Components of Outcomes
Subject: who is the person expected to
achieve the outcome?
Verb: what actions must the person take to
achieve the outcome?
Condition: under what circumstances is
the person to perform the actions?
Performance criteria: how well is the
person to perform the actions?
Target time: by when is the person
expected to be able to perform the actions?
52. Nursing Interventions
Road maps directing the best ways to
provide nursing care.
Evidence based nursing.
1. Monitor health status.
2. Minimize risks.
3. Resolve or control a problem.
4. Assist with ADLs.
5. Promote optimum health and
independence.
53. Interventions
Direct interventions: actions
performed through interaction
with clients.
Indirect interventions: actions
performed away from the client,
on behalf of a client or group of
clients.
54. Nursing Diagnosis
Health issue that can be prevented,
reduced, resolved, or enhanced
through independent nursing
measures
55. Documenting the Plan of
Care
To ensure continuity of care, the plan
must be written and shared with all health
care personnel caring for the client.
Consists of:
1. Prioritized nursing
diagnostic statements.
2. Outcomes.
3. Interventions.
56. Documentation
Clear and concise
Appropriate terminology
Usually on a designated form
Physical assessment
Usually by Review of Systems
• Overview of symptoms
• Diet
• Each body system
57. Documentation
Use patient’s own words in subjective
data – enclose in “ ___” (quotation
marks)
Avoid generalizations – be specific
Don’t make summative statements –
describe - e.g. patient is being ornery
should be patient resists instruction or
patient states “Don’t talk to me, I don’t
care about that”
58. Evaluation
1. Determining outcome achievement
2. Identifying the variables affecting
outcome achievement
3. Deciding whether to continue,
modify, or terminate the plan
59. Determining Outcome
Achievement
Must be aware of outcomes set for the
client.
Must be sure patient is ready for
evaluation.
Is patient able to meet outcome criteria?
Is it:
Completely met?
Partially met?
Not met at all?
Record in progress in notes.
Update care plan.
60. Identifying Variable Affecting
Outcome Achievement
Maintain individuality of care plan:
1. Is the plan realistic for the client?
2. Is the plan appropriate at the time for
this particular client?
3. Were changes made in the plan when
needed?
4. How does the client feel about the plan?
61. Predict, Prevent, and
Manage
Focus on early intervention
Based on research
Predict and anticipate problems
Look for risk factors
62. Diagnostic Statements
Name of the health-related issue or
problem as identified in the NANDA
list
Etiology (its cause)
Signs and Symptoms
The name of the nursing diagnosis is
linked to the etiology with the phrase
“related to,” and the signs and
symptoms are identified with the
phrase “as manifested (or evidenced)
by”
63. Collaborative Problems-
Nurse’s Responsibility
Correlating medical diagnoses or
medical treatment measures with the
risk for unique complications
Documenting the complications for
which clients are at risk
Making pertinent assessments to
detect complications
64. Continued
Reporting trends that suggest
development of complications
Managing the emerging problem with
nurse- and physician-prescribed
measures
Evaluating the outcomes
65. The Nursing Process
Nursing Diagnosis
Judgment or conclusion about the risk for—
or actual—need/problem of the patient
NANDA format
66. NANDA – North American
Nursing Diagnosis Association
Identifies nursing functions
Creates classification system
Establishes diagnostic labels
Risk of infection related to compromised
nutritional state
Potential complication of seizure disorder
related to medication compliance
67. Planning
The process of prioritizing nursing
diagnoses and collaborative problems,
identifying measurable goals or
outcomes, selecting appropriate
interventions, and documenting the
plan of care.
The nurse consults with the client
while developing and revising the plan.
69. Short-Term Goals
Outcomes achievable in a few days or
1 week
Developed form the problem portion of
the diagnostic statement
Client-centered
Measurable
Realistic
Accompanied by a target date
70. Long-Term Goals
Desirable outcomes that take weeks
or months to accomplish for client’s
with chronic health problems
72. Selecting Nursing
Interventions
Planning the measures that the client
and nurse will use to accomplish
identified goals involves critical
thinking.
Nursing interventions are directed at
eliminating the etiologies.
73. Selecting an intervention
The nurse selects strategies based on
the knowledge that certain nursing
actions produce desired effects.
Nursing interventions must be safe,
within the legal scope of nursing
practice, and compatible with medical
orders.
74. Communicating The Plan
The nurse shares the plan of care with
nursing team members, the client, and
client’s family.
The plan is a permanent part of the
record.
75. Evaluation
The way nurses determine whether a
client has reached a goal.
It is the analysis of the client’s
response, evaluation helps to
determine the effectiveness of nursing
care.
76. The Nursing Process
Evaluation
Ongoing part of the nursing process
Determining the status of the goals
and
outcomes of care
Monitoring the patient’s response to
drug therapy
77. Documentation
Clear and concise
Appropriate terminology
Usually on a designated form
Physical assessment
Usually by Review of Systems
• Overview of symptoms
• Diet
• Each body system
Editor's Notes
Figure 14-1. Five-step nursing process model.
Figure 16-1. Critical thinking and the nursing diagnostic process.