The document discusses public transport issues in Sri Lanka such as uncomfortable travel, crowded buses, and air pollution from fuel burning. It proposes implementing solar power buses as a solution. Solar power buses would be easily implemented in Sri Lanka due to its location near the equator and consistent sunshine. Solar power buses have many advantages including being cost effective by using free solar energy instead of fuel, being environmentally friendly, having low running costs, and providing reliability.
The negative effects of non-renewable fossil fuels have forced scientists to draw attention to clean energy sources which are both environmentally more suitable and renewable. By using the wind energy, power may be produced. The project entitled “Energy Produced by using the Wind Energy” is aimed to produce power with renewable source of energy like wind. In this project by using a small fan blade, electric power is produced by utilizing the drag force of the wind in a moving vehicle. This project aims to design a model for using wind energy to generate electricity which in turn may be used to run electrical utilities directly or through a storage battery.
The document proposes a model for a solar train hybrid car. It first provides background on the history of transportation and rail transport. It then describes how a solar train works, using solar panels to power electric propulsion and reducing pollution. Next, it discusses electric cars, how they are powered by electric motors and batteries, and the benefits they have over gas-powered cars like reduced emissions. It concludes that solar trains can significantly reduce electricity use and greenhouse gas emissions.
The power sector in India includes companies involved in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. Thermal power generated from coal and natural gas has faced supply constraints. Renewable sources of power generation such as hydro, solar, wind and biomass are being emphasized. Top power companies in India include Adani Power, Reliance Power, NTPC Ltd. and Power Grid Corporation of India which are involved in power projects across multiple states.
Power Generation by Speed Breakers_Full Report_SanjAySanjay Bhakkar
In this project we are converting potential energy into mechanical energy then mechanical energy converts into electric energy through rack and pinion mechanism. When vehicle passes over the hump, the rack and pinion mechanism works and electricity is generated.
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed through technologies like solar heating, photovoltaics, and solar thermal energy. It is a highly appealing renewable energy source due to the sun's eternal energy. Solar energy has a wide range of uses including generating electricity at solar power plants, and powering vehicles, boats, and aircraft. While it has advantages like being renewable and requiring low maintenance, solar energy also has disadvantages like high initial costs and dependence on weather conditions.
The document discusses the history and advantages of solar energy. It notes that Frank Shuman built the world's first solar thermal power station in Egypt in 1912-1913. While early solar power development was slowed by World War I and the rise of cheap oil, interest has renewed since the 1970s. Rooftop solar power has many benefits, including reducing transmission losses and land usage. India has significant potential for rooftop solar given the large number of homes, and some states have introduced policies to promote it.
Solar and Wind Powered Hybrid Energy Vehiclekushaal hn
The wind and solar powered car has high efficiency and is a maintenance free vehicle. The car works on the concept of charging and discharging of the battery on board. When the vehicle runs the motor consumes power from the battery and after certain kilometers, it needs to be recharged. In this car, power is generated from wind turbines and the solar modules and are directed to the battery for the charging. The battery is recharged on board and the car doesn’t need to be standby for charging. To conserve the energy and to utilize it at best we are designing a vehicle which will run on the battery which will get charged by free energy sources. Then as per the requirement, we connected the solar panel and wind energy generator motor
The document discusses public transport issues in Sri Lanka such as uncomfortable travel, crowded buses, and air pollution from fuel burning. It proposes implementing solar power buses as a solution. Solar power buses would be easily implemented in Sri Lanka due to its location near the equator and consistent sunshine. Solar power buses have many advantages including being cost effective by using free solar energy instead of fuel, being environmentally friendly, having low running costs, and providing reliability.
The negative effects of non-renewable fossil fuels have forced scientists to draw attention to clean energy sources which are both environmentally more suitable and renewable. By using the wind energy, power may be produced. The project entitled “Energy Produced by using the Wind Energy” is aimed to produce power with renewable source of energy like wind. In this project by using a small fan blade, electric power is produced by utilizing the drag force of the wind in a moving vehicle. This project aims to design a model for using wind energy to generate electricity which in turn may be used to run electrical utilities directly or through a storage battery.
The document proposes a model for a solar train hybrid car. It first provides background on the history of transportation and rail transport. It then describes how a solar train works, using solar panels to power electric propulsion and reducing pollution. Next, it discusses electric cars, how they are powered by electric motors and batteries, and the benefits they have over gas-powered cars like reduced emissions. It concludes that solar trains can significantly reduce electricity use and greenhouse gas emissions.
The power sector in India includes companies involved in generation, transmission and distribution of electricity. Thermal power generated from coal and natural gas has faced supply constraints. Renewable sources of power generation such as hydro, solar, wind and biomass are being emphasized. Top power companies in India include Adani Power, Reliance Power, NTPC Ltd. and Power Grid Corporation of India which are involved in power projects across multiple states.
Power Generation by Speed Breakers_Full Report_SanjAySanjay Bhakkar
In this project we are converting potential energy into mechanical energy then mechanical energy converts into electric energy through rack and pinion mechanism. When vehicle passes over the hump, the rack and pinion mechanism works and electricity is generated.
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the sun that is harnessed through technologies like solar heating, photovoltaics, and solar thermal energy. It is a highly appealing renewable energy source due to the sun's eternal energy. Solar energy has a wide range of uses including generating electricity at solar power plants, and powering vehicles, boats, and aircraft. While it has advantages like being renewable and requiring low maintenance, solar energy also has disadvantages like high initial costs and dependence on weather conditions.
The document discusses the history and advantages of solar energy. It notes that Frank Shuman built the world's first solar thermal power station in Egypt in 1912-1913. While early solar power development was slowed by World War I and the rise of cheap oil, interest has renewed since the 1970s. Rooftop solar power has many benefits, including reducing transmission losses and land usage. India has significant potential for rooftop solar given the large number of homes, and some states have introduced policies to promote it.
Solar and Wind Powered Hybrid Energy Vehiclekushaal hn
The wind and solar powered car has high efficiency and is a maintenance free vehicle. The car works on the concept of charging and discharging of the battery on board. When the vehicle runs the motor consumes power from the battery and after certain kilometers, it needs to be recharged. In this car, power is generated from wind turbines and the solar modules and are directed to the battery for the charging. The battery is recharged on board and the car doesn’t need to be standby for charging. To conserve the energy and to utilize it at best we are designing a vehicle which will run on the battery which will get charged by free energy sources. Then as per the requirement, we connected the solar panel and wind energy generator motor
This document discusses a footstep power generator that converts the wasted energy from human footsteps into electrical energy using piezoelectric materials. It begins by introducing piezoelectricity and how pressure can generate electric fields in certain materials. It then provides a block diagram and explanation of how the device works, using piezoelectric materials attached to a spring-loaded platform to generate electricity from footstep vibrations. Applications discussed include using these generators in sidewalks, gyms, workplaces and smart highways to harness wasted kinetic energy.
The Automobile industry is one of the most important heavy industries in the world. Countless companies rely
on the luxurious life and people around the world with the speed that can only be achieved by Automobile and which is
depending upon Petroleum. As petroleum product is decreasing day-by-day it is necessary to find an alternate fuel so
that luxuriousness can be continued. The success of the Automobile Industry depends on various factors ranging from
Fuel, less weight, Feasibility Low maintenance Eco-friendly and Comfort. Now a day there is a huge shortage of
petroleum products in the market due to its excess use. So in future there is a day to come when we will have the vehicles
but no fuels to run it. So this is a completely new idea to run a Car without any fuel. Moreover this will be the first car
which will give more than 90% efficiency. This idea is going to be a complete solution for the fuel crises and
environmental pollution in upcoming future. Even The idea used in this Car is also more efficient than the latest
technology of FUEL CELL being used in the modern cars. Since this Car can run with the help of two different types of
fuel hence its name hybrid fuel. This paper shows how the modern luxurious life with Automobile can be independent
from the petroleum Oil. This paper also deals with the technical feasibility of the use of Solar Energy with the help of
Battery as a fuels in Car. This paper reports the results of the theoretical characterization of different fuels with respect
to Hybrid fuel.
This document discusses piezoelectric roads, which generate electricity from the vibrations of vehicles driving on them. It provides details on how piezoelectricity works, the construction of piezoelectric roads using generators placed under asphalt, and how the roads harvest and distribute the generated electricity. An analysis estimates that 1km of a single-lane piezoelectric road could generate 44,000 kWh per year. The document also compares the costs and returns of implementing such roads, noting they could provide a green power solution and profit within 4 years of investment.
The document proposes a solar-powered train system for public transportation. Solar cells would be installed on the rooftops of train coaches to directly charge storage batteries mounted underneath. This system would help address issues like rising fuel costs and shortages of non-renewable energy sources. Developing solar-powered trains is challenging and requires selecting appropriate solar panels, batteries, motors and designing the chassis. If implemented successfully on a large scale, solar-powered trains could help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and make transportation more environmentally friendly.
Solar cars use photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into electrical energy to power the vehicle's propulsion. The fastest solar car recorded is the Sky Ace Tiga from Japan, which achieved a speed of 91.332 km/h. Solar cars provide benefits like independence from gasoline, low noise, maintenance and emissions. Their renewable energy source could help address issues like fossil fuel costs, global warming, and public health problems caused by vehicle emissions. India would greatly benefit from solar cars due to its large population, fossil fuel spending, and potential for technology and market growth.
The document describes a proposed wind-powered car. It would use a weather vane to capture wind energy and convert it to electrical energy via a dynamo. This electrical energy would then power an electric motor to propel the car forward. Key aspects discussed include minimizing frontal area to reduce air resistance, optimizing the weather vane size for maximum torque but minimum resistance, and using different fan speeds to test efficiency. Several existing wind-powered vehicles are also described briefly.
The document discusses the benefits of solar power as an alternative to traditional fossil fuel energy sources. It notes that fossil fuels face challenges like rising costs and environmental concerns over climate change. As a result, governments and businesses are increasingly supporting renewable alternatives like solar, wind, biomass and hydroelectric power. The document proposes constructing solar roads in rural agricultural areas that currently lack reliable power, in order to generate electricity at low cost and provide surplus power to other regions. It suggests enhancing this design by incorporating water collection basins and thermal plates made of materials that absorb heat well, to also harness solar thermal energy and use steam turbines to generate electricity without air pollution or fossil fuels. The conclusion is that this could boost development, incomes and quality of
The document proposes a solar-powered train system. Solar panels installed on train rooftops would charge batteries mounted under each coach. This would provide electricity to power the trains, making them more environmentally friendly than fossil fuel-powered trains. A block diagram and component list are provided, and the working principle explained. Analysis shows the solar panels could generate enough power for auxiliary needs. Advantages include being renewable and producing zero emissions, while disadvantages include high initial costs and reliance on sunlight.
Piezoelectric roads can harvest wasted vibrational energy from passing vehicles and convert it to electricity. They are constructed by embedding piezoelectric generators under asphalt roads. When vehicles pass over, the generators produce electricity from road vibrations. This "green" technology could help meet India's increasing electricity demand and electrify remote areas at low cost. A single lane kilometer of piezoelectric road could generate 44,000 kWh per year, offsetting construction costs within 4 years for large road projects. While maintenance is slightly more complex, piezoelectric roads have proven successful elsewhere and should be adopted in India to boost sustainable development.
Introduction
Solar technologies are broadly
characterized as either passive solar
or active solar depending on the way
they capture, convert and distribute
solar energy. Active solar techniques
include the use of photovoltaic
panels and solar thermal collectors to
harness the energy. Passive solar
techniques include orienting a
building to the Sun, selecting
materials with favorable thermal
mass or light dispersing properties,
and designing spaces that naturally
circulate air.
A solar roadway is a road surface that
generates electricity by solar power
photovoltaic cells. One current
proposal is for 12 ft x 12 ft (3.658 m x
3.658 m) panels including solar
Panels and LED signage, that can be
driven on. The concept involves
replacing highways, roads, parking
lots, driveways, and sidewalks with
such a system.
Working principle:
A solar roadway is a series of
structurally engineered solar panels
that are driven upon. The idea is to
replace current petroleum-based
asphalt roads, parking lots, and
driveways with solar road panels that
collect energy to be used by homes
and businesses, and ultimately to be
able to store excess energy in or
alongside the solar roadways. Thus
renewable energy replaces the need
for the current fossil fuels used for
the generation of electricity, whichcuts greenhouse gases and helps in
sustainable development.
Solar road construction:
Existing prototype panels consist
of three layer.
surface layer:
Electronics layer:
Base plate layer:
Advantages of Solar Roadway:
Renewability and life-span
Military and rescue assistance
Roadways already in place
Lighting up of roads
Initial Cost
Disadvantages of Solar Roadway:
Maintenance costs
Seasonal efficiency
Needs a town planning.
Conclusion:
For roughly the same cost of the
current systems (asphalt roads and
fossil fuel burning electricity
generation plants), the Solar
Roadways™ can be implemented. No
more Global Warming. No more
power outages (roaming or
otherwise). Safer driving conditions.
Far less pollution. A new secure
highway infrastructure that pays for
itself. A decentralized, self-healing,
secure power grid. No more
dependency on foreign oil.
REFERENCES:
www.solarroadways.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.solaripedia.com
www.ask.com
This document proposes the Efficient Mechanical Rickshaw (EMR), which aims to reduce the effort required for rickshaw drivers. It does this by installing spiral springs that store energy when the pedals are rotated in reverse, and provide assistance when pedaling forward. This stored mechanical energy helps increase starting torque and reduce the load on the driver. The conceptual design utilizes spiral springs made of spring steel, and costs less than battery or solar-powered alternatives. An overall goal is to help rickshaw drivers overcome problems like requiring high starting torque, climbing hills, and operating when overloaded.
Introduction
Solar technologies are broadly
characterized as either passive solar
or active solar depending on the way
they capture, convert and distribute
solar energy. Active solar techniques
include the use of photovoltaic
panels and solar thermal collectors to
harness the energy. Passive solar
techniques include orienting a
building to the Sun, selecting
materials with favorable thermal
mass or light dispersing properties,
and designing spaces that naturally
circulate air.
A solar roadway is a road surface that
generates electricity by solar power
photovoltaic cells. One current
proposal is for 12 ft x 12 ft (3.658 m x
3.658 m) panels including solar
Panels and LED signage, that can be
driven on. The concept involves
replacing highways, roads, parking
lots, driveways, and sidewalks with
such a system.
Working principle:
A solar roadway is a series of
structurally engineered solar panels
that are driven upon. The idea is to
replace current petroleum-based
asphalt roads, parking lots, and
driveways with solar road panels that
collect energy to be used by homes
and businesses, and ultimately to be
able to store excess energy in or
alongside the solar roadways. Thus
renewable energy replaces the need
for the current fossil fuels used for
the generation of electricity, whichcuts greenhouse gases and helps in
sustainable development.
Solar road construction:
Existing prototype panels consist
of three layer.
surface layer:
Electronics layer:
Base plate layer:
Advantages of Solar Roadway:
Renewability and life-span
Military and rescue assistance
Roadways already in place
Lighting up of roads
Initial Cost
Disadvantages of Solar Roadway:
Maintenance costs
Seasonal efficiency
Needs a town planning.
Conclusion:
For roughly the same cost of the
current systems (asphalt roads and
fossil fuel burning electricity
generation plants), the Solar
Roadways™ can be implemented. No
more Global Warming. No more
power outages (roaming or
otherwise). Safer driving conditions.
Far less pollution. A new secure
highway infrastructure that pays for
itself. A decentralized, self-healing,
secure power grid. No more
dependency on foreign oil.
This document describes a project to generate electricity from speed breakers. It discusses three mechanisms - roller, rack and pinion, and crankshaft - that can convert the kinetic energy of vehicles passing over speed bumps into rotational motion. Graphs show the relationship between voltage generated, vehicle speed and weight. Advantages include using wasted energy and providing power for street lights. Challenges are low outputs and maintenance needs. Future work could aim for heavier vehicles and more efficient designs to increase power generation for rural electrification.
The document outlines a plan to design a solar car using solar energy. The aim is to reduce global warming by powering a car with solar panels. A SWOT analysis identifies the strengths as reducing exhaust fumes and global warming, while the weakness is the limited range without sunlight. An action plan and timeline are presented, with research in November, design in late November, testing in early December and implementation in mid-December. Key components needed are solar panels, a motor, remote control and battery. Uses of solar energy discussed include powering planes and the army, as well as generating electricity.
The first solar car was invented in 1955 by William G. Cobb and was called the "Sun Mobile". It had 12 photovoltaic cells and was about 12 inches in size. A solar car is an electric vehicle that is powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on its roof. It consists of a solar array, power trackers, an electric motor, and a speed controller. The solar array provides power and the power trackers regulate the electricity delivered to the motor controller or batteries.
The document presents a proposal for generating power from footsteps on staircases using piezoelectric transducers. The system would convert the mechanical energy from footfalls on instrumented stair treads into electrical energy to power small loads like LED lights. It proposes installing the systems in locations with high foot traffic like train stations, airports, universities and stadiums to take advantage of renewable energy from human movement.
Boiler Efficiency Improvement through Analysis of Lossesijsrd.com
Thermal is the main source for power generation in India. The percentage of thermal power generation as compare to other sources is 65 %. The main objective of thermal power plant is to fulfill the energy demands of the market and to achieve these demands; plant requires technical availability with the parts reliability and maintenance strategy. This paper deals with the determination of current operating efficiency of Boiler and calculates major losses for Vindhyachal Super thermal power plant (India) of 210 MW units. Then identify the causes of performance degradation. Also find the major causes of heat losses by Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and recommends its appropriate strategy to reduce major losses. The aim of performance monitoring is continuous evaluation of degradation i.e. decrease in performance of the steam boiler. These data enable additional information which is helpful in problem identification, improvement of boiler performance and making economic decisions about maintenance schedule.
This document discusses a footstep power generator that converts the wasted energy from human footsteps into electrical energy using piezoelectric materials. It begins by introducing piezoelectricity and how pressure can generate electric fields in certain materials. It then provides a block diagram and explanation of how the device works, using piezoelectric materials attached to a spring-loaded platform to generate electricity from footstep vibrations. Applications discussed include using these generators in sidewalks, gyms, workplaces and smart highways to harness wasted kinetic energy.
The Automobile industry is one of the most important heavy industries in the world. Countless companies rely
on the luxurious life and people around the world with the speed that can only be achieved by Automobile and which is
depending upon Petroleum. As petroleum product is decreasing day-by-day it is necessary to find an alternate fuel so
that luxuriousness can be continued. The success of the Automobile Industry depends on various factors ranging from
Fuel, less weight, Feasibility Low maintenance Eco-friendly and Comfort. Now a day there is a huge shortage of
petroleum products in the market due to its excess use. So in future there is a day to come when we will have the vehicles
but no fuels to run it. So this is a completely new idea to run a Car without any fuel. Moreover this will be the first car
which will give more than 90% efficiency. This idea is going to be a complete solution for the fuel crises and
environmental pollution in upcoming future. Even The idea used in this Car is also more efficient than the latest
technology of FUEL CELL being used in the modern cars. Since this Car can run with the help of two different types of
fuel hence its name hybrid fuel. This paper shows how the modern luxurious life with Automobile can be independent
from the petroleum Oil. This paper also deals with the technical feasibility of the use of Solar Energy with the help of
Battery as a fuels in Car. This paper reports the results of the theoretical characterization of different fuels with respect
to Hybrid fuel.
This document discusses piezoelectric roads, which generate electricity from the vibrations of vehicles driving on them. It provides details on how piezoelectricity works, the construction of piezoelectric roads using generators placed under asphalt, and how the roads harvest and distribute the generated electricity. An analysis estimates that 1km of a single-lane piezoelectric road could generate 44,000 kWh per year. The document also compares the costs and returns of implementing such roads, noting they could provide a green power solution and profit within 4 years of investment.
The document proposes a solar-powered train system for public transportation. Solar cells would be installed on the rooftops of train coaches to directly charge storage batteries mounted underneath. This system would help address issues like rising fuel costs and shortages of non-renewable energy sources. Developing solar-powered trains is challenging and requires selecting appropriate solar panels, batteries, motors and designing the chassis. If implemented successfully on a large scale, solar-powered trains could help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and make transportation more environmentally friendly.
Solar cars use photovoltaic cells to convert sunlight into electrical energy to power the vehicle's propulsion. The fastest solar car recorded is the Sky Ace Tiga from Japan, which achieved a speed of 91.332 km/h. Solar cars provide benefits like independence from gasoline, low noise, maintenance and emissions. Their renewable energy source could help address issues like fossil fuel costs, global warming, and public health problems caused by vehicle emissions. India would greatly benefit from solar cars due to its large population, fossil fuel spending, and potential for technology and market growth.
The document describes a proposed wind-powered car. It would use a weather vane to capture wind energy and convert it to electrical energy via a dynamo. This electrical energy would then power an electric motor to propel the car forward. Key aspects discussed include minimizing frontal area to reduce air resistance, optimizing the weather vane size for maximum torque but minimum resistance, and using different fan speeds to test efficiency. Several existing wind-powered vehicles are also described briefly.
The document discusses the benefits of solar power as an alternative to traditional fossil fuel energy sources. It notes that fossil fuels face challenges like rising costs and environmental concerns over climate change. As a result, governments and businesses are increasingly supporting renewable alternatives like solar, wind, biomass and hydroelectric power. The document proposes constructing solar roads in rural agricultural areas that currently lack reliable power, in order to generate electricity at low cost and provide surplus power to other regions. It suggests enhancing this design by incorporating water collection basins and thermal plates made of materials that absorb heat well, to also harness solar thermal energy and use steam turbines to generate electricity without air pollution or fossil fuels. The conclusion is that this could boost development, incomes and quality of
The document proposes a solar-powered train system. Solar panels installed on train rooftops would charge batteries mounted under each coach. This would provide electricity to power the trains, making them more environmentally friendly than fossil fuel-powered trains. A block diagram and component list are provided, and the working principle explained. Analysis shows the solar panels could generate enough power for auxiliary needs. Advantages include being renewable and producing zero emissions, while disadvantages include high initial costs and reliance on sunlight.
Piezoelectric roads can harvest wasted vibrational energy from passing vehicles and convert it to electricity. They are constructed by embedding piezoelectric generators under asphalt roads. When vehicles pass over, the generators produce electricity from road vibrations. This "green" technology could help meet India's increasing electricity demand and electrify remote areas at low cost. A single lane kilometer of piezoelectric road could generate 44,000 kWh per year, offsetting construction costs within 4 years for large road projects. While maintenance is slightly more complex, piezoelectric roads have proven successful elsewhere and should be adopted in India to boost sustainable development.
Introduction
Solar technologies are broadly
characterized as either passive solar
or active solar depending on the way
they capture, convert and distribute
solar energy. Active solar techniques
include the use of photovoltaic
panels and solar thermal collectors to
harness the energy. Passive solar
techniques include orienting a
building to the Sun, selecting
materials with favorable thermal
mass or light dispersing properties,
and designing spaces that naturally
circulate air.
A solar roadway is a road surface that
generates electricity by solar power
photovoltaic cells. One current
proposal is for 12 ft x 12 ft (3.658 m x
3.658 m) panels including solar
Panels and LED signage, that can be
driven on. The concept involves
replacing highways, roads, parking
lots, driveways, and sidewalks with
such a system.
Working principle:
A solar roadway is a series of
structurally engineered solar panels
that are driven upon. The idea is to
replace current petroleum-based
asphalt roads, parking lots, and
driveways with solar road panels that
collect energy to be used by homes
and businesses, and ultimately to be
able to store excess energy in or
alongside the solar roadways. Thus
renewable energy replaces the need
for the current fossil fuels used for
the generation of electricity, whichcuts greenhouse gases and helps in
sustainable development.
Solar road construction:
Existing prototype panels consist
of three layer.
surface layer:
Electronics layer:
Base plate layer:
Advantages of Solar Roadway:
Renewability and life-span
Military and rescue assistance
Roadways already in place
Lighting up of roads
Initial Cost
Disadvantages of Solar Roadway:
Maintenance costs
Seasonal efficiency
Needs a town planning.
Conclusion:
For roughly the same cost of the
current systems (asphalt roads and
fossil fuel burning electricity
generation plants), the Solar
Roadways™ can be implemented. No
more Global Warming. No more
power outages (roaming or
otherwise). Safer driving conditions.
Far less pollution. A new secure
highway infrastructure that pays for
itself. A decentralized, self-healing,
secure power grid. No more
dependency on foreign oil.
REFERENCES:
www.solarroadways.com
www.wikipedia.com
www.solaripedia.com
www.ask.com
This document proposes the Efficient Mechanical Rickshaw (EMR), which aims to reduce the effort required for rickshaw drivers. It does this by installing spiral springs that store energy when the pedals are rotated in reverse, and provide assistance when pedaling forward. This stored mechanical energy helps increase starting torque and reduce the load on the driver. The conceptual design utilizes spiral springs made of spring steel, and costs less than battery or solar-powered alternatives. An overall goal is to help rickshaw drivers overcome problems like requiring high starting torque, climbing hills, and operating when overloaded.
Introduction
Solar technologies are broadly
characterized as either passive solar
or active solar depending on the way
they capture, convert and distribute
solar energy. Active solar techniques
include the use of photovoltaic
panels and solar thermal collectors to
harness the energy. Passive solar
techniques include orienting a
building to the Sun, selecting
materials with favorable thermal
mass or light dispersing properties,
and designing spaces that naturally
circulate air.
A solar roadway is a road surface that
generates electricity by solar power
photovoltaic cells. One current
proposal is for 12 ft x 12 ft (3.658 m x
3.658 m) panels including solar
Panels and LED signage, that can be
driven on. The concept involves
replacing highways, roads, parking
lots, driveways, and sidewalks with
such a system.
Working principle:
A solar roadway is a series of
structurally engineered solar panels
that are driven upon. The idea is to
replace current petroleum-based
asphalt roads, parking lots, and
driveways with solar road panels that
collect energy to be used by homes
and businesses, and ultimately to be
able to store excess energy in or
alongside the solar roadways. Thus
renewable energy replaces the need
for the current fossil fuels used for
the generation of electricity, whichcuts greenhouse gases and helps in
sustainable development.
Solar road construction:
Existing prototype panels consist
of three layer.
surface layer:
Electronics layer:
Base plate layer:
Advantages of Solar Roadway:
Renewability and life-span
Military and rescue assistance
Roadways already in place
Lighting up of roads
Initial Cost
Disadvantages of Solar Roadway:
Maintenance costs
Seasonal efficiency
Needs a town planning.
Conclusion:
For roughly the same cost of the
current systems (asphalt roads and
fossil fuel burning electricity
generation plants), the Solar
Roadways™ can be implemented. No
more Global Warming. No more
power outages (roaming or
otherwise). Safer driving conditions.
Far less pollution. A new secure
highway infrastructure that pays for
itself. A decentralized, self-healing,
secure power grid. No more
dependency on foreign oil.
This document describes a project to generate electricity from speed breakers. It discusses three mechanisms - roller, rack and pinion, and crankshaft - that can convert the kinetic energy of vehicles passing over speed bumps into rotational motion. Graphs show the relationship between voltage generated, vehicle speed and weight. Advantages include using wasted energy and providing power for street lights. Challenges are low outputs and maintenance needs. Future work could aim for heavier vehicles and more efficient designs to increase power generation for rural electrification.
The document outlines a plan to design a solar car using solar energy. The aim is to reduce global warming by powering a car with solar panels. A SWOT analysis identifies the strengths as reducing exhaust fumes and global warming, while the weakness is the limited range without sunlight. An action plan and timeline are presented, with research in November, design in late November, testing in early December and implementation in mid-December. Key components needed are solar panels, a motor, remote control and battery. Uses of solar energy discussed include powering planes and the army, as well as generating electricity.
The first solar car was invented in 1955 by William G. Cobb and was called the "Sun Mobile". It had 12 photovoltaic cells and was about 12 inches in size. A solar car is an electric vehicle that is powered by solar energy obtained from solar panels on its roof. It consists of a solar array, power trackers, an electric motor, and a speed controller. The solar array provides power and the power trackers regulate the electricity delivered to the motor controller or batteries.
The document presents a proposal for generating power from footsteps on staircases using piezoelectric transducers. The system would convert the mechanical energy from footfalls on instrumented stair treads into electrical energy to power small loads like LED lights. It proposes installing the systems in locations with high foot traffic like train stations, airports, universities and stadiums to take advantage of renewable energy from human movement.
Boiler Efficiency Improvement through Analysis of Lossesijsrd.com
Thermal is the main source for power generation in India. The percentage of thermal power generation as compare to other sources is 65 %. The main objective of thermal power plant is to fulfill the energy demands of the market and to achieve these demands; plant requires technical availability with the parts reliability and maintenance strategy. This paper deals with the determination of current operating efficiency of Boiler and calculates major losses for Vindhyachal Super thermal power plant (India) of 210 MW units. Then identify the causes of performance degradation. Also find the major causes of heat losses by Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) and recommends its appropriate strategy to reduce major losses. The aim of performance monitoring is continuous evaluation of degradation i.e. decrease in performance of the steam boiler. These data enable additional information which is helpful in problem identification, improvement of boiler performance and making economic decisions about maintenance schedule.
ppt on NTPC kahalgaon ,bhagalpur ( bihar) BY AKHILESH & PRIYESHAKHILESH KUMAR
This document provides an overview of a summer training presentation on the National Thermal Power Plant in Kahalgaon, Bihar, India. It was submitted by an engineering student to their professor. The presentation covers the plant's coal handling system, boiler and auxiliary systems, turbine system, ash handling system, and off-site maintenance departments. It includes descriptions of the equipment used in coal handling, the boiler maintenance department, turbine maintenance, and ash handling. It also provides background on NTPC, the company that operates the plant, and details on the plant's layout and specifications.
NTPC is India's largest power company established in 1975 with an installed capacity of over 30,000 MW from coal, gas, and hydro sources. It aims to increase capacity to 56,000 MW by 2017 through new projects. NTPC generates about 26.7% of India's power while only owning 19.24% of installed capacity. It has diversified into areas like coal mining, oil and gas exploration, and power distribution and trading. NTPC focuses on corporate social responsibility programs in areas like community development, education, and environment protection.
This industrial training report summarizes Deepak Kr Singh's one month internship at the Singrauli Super Thermal Power Plant in Shaktinagar, India. The report includes details of the power plant such as its seven units with a total capacity of 2,000 MW. It also covers various topics related to thermal power generation including the workings of boilers, turbines, generators, and switchgear. Deepak conducted his training under the supervision of his training incharge Mr. CH Satynarayan, during which he gained knowledge and experience in the electrical engineering aspects of thermal power generation.
NTPC is India's largest power company established in 1975 to accelerate power development. It has expanded beyond power generation into related areas. NTPC operates power plants across India with a total installed capacity of over 39 GW. The Badarpur Thermal Power Station (BTPS) was established in 1973 and has a total installed capacity of 720 MW across 5 units. BTPS uses coal to generate electricity through the Rankine cycle of heating water to steam to power a turbine generator. The key components of a power plant are the boiler, turbine, generator, cooling system and transmission lines.
This document provides a summary of a seminar on summer vocational training at NTPC thermal power plants. It discusses the key components of a thermal power plant including coal handling, pulverizing, boilers, turbines, generators, condensers, and ash handling. It also describes various equipment like ball mills used in pulverizing coal and control and instrumentation labs that monitor critical parameters. Finally, it lists some major thermal power plants in Rajasthan and references used in preparing the seminar.
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) is India's largest power company, founded in 1975 and headquartered in Delhi. It generates electricity through thermal power plants and has over 25,000 employees. NTPC aims to install 50,000 MW of capacity by 2012 and 75,000 MW by 2017 through expanding operations and developing new projects.
The document provides details about a presentation on summer training at NTPC Tanda power plant. It discusses that NTPC is the largest power company in India. It then summarizes information about NTPC Tanda power plant including its capacity, sources, main departments like coal handling plant, boiler, turbine, and generator. It also mentions advantages like low cost of fuel and disadvantages like atmospheric pollution of thermal power plants.
The document summarizes the author's 6-week training experience at the Badarpur Thermal Power Station (BTPS) run by NTPC Limited. The author visited various divisions of the plant including the Electrical Maintenance Department I (EMD-I), Electrical Maintenance Department II (EMD-II), and Control and Instrumentation Department (C&I). The training provided valuable insights into how electricity is generated at the plant from coal and distributed to consumers.
Restructuring and deregulation of INDIAN POWER SECTORANKUR MAHESHWARI
The document discusses the history and current state of India's power sector. It provides an overview of power generation, transmission, and distribution in India. Some key points include:
- India has the third largest installed power generation capacity in the world currently at 330,861 MW.
- The power sector was restructured through the Electricity Act of 2003 to separate generation, transmission, and distribution functions.
- Several states have restructured their power utilities including Orissa, Delhi, Andhra Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh with varying models of privatization and corporatization.
- Challenges remain around last mile connectivity, meeting peak demand, reliable coal supply, and transmission infrastructure.
The document discusses the history and development of electricity in India. It notes that the first demonstration of electric light in India was in Calcutta in 1879. It then provides statistics on India's current electricity sector, including total installed capacity as of 2015 of 281.423 GW, with 29% from renewable sources. It also states that India became the third largest electricity producer in the world in 2013. The document then discusses the government's "Power for All" scheme to ensure 24/7 electricity availability nationwide by 2022.
Power Systems I - . Introduction to power systems-new.pptxlidula
This document provides an overview of power systems and the history of electric power development in Sri Lanka. It discusses:
1) The definition of an electric power system and a brief history of developments in early power systems from 1879 to the present day.
2) Key milestones in the development of electricity infrastructure in Sri Lanka from 1882 to the present, including the establishment of the Ceylon Electricity Board in 1969.
3) Statistics on electricity generation in Sri Lanka, including the commissioning of hydropower and thermal power stations and the increasing role of renewable energy.
Chronology of Indian Power Sector's DevelopmentAmitava Nag
The document provides a chronological overview of the development of the Indian power sector from 1879 to 2018. It outlines key milestones such as the enactment of early electricity acts in the late 1800s, the establishment of state electricity boards in the 1940s-1950s, the introduction of policies promoting private sector participation in the 1990s-2000s, and the enactment of the Electricity Act of 2003 which restructured the sector. Major events covered include the expansion of generation, transmission, and distribution infrastructure across India over this period.
Growth of power sector in united provinces (undivided uttar pradesh) during t...IJLT EMAS
Electricity which forms the life blood of any industry
was introduced in the then United Province (U.P.) quite late. A
plant having a capacity of 855 KW was setup and made
operational in Kanpur on December 23, 1906. This was the first
power plant established in the United Provinces. But this sector
witnessed a very slow progress in the Province and till 1926-27
only nine towns could be energised. But the British for running
their own establishments in India needed supply of electricity.
The growth and development in this sector witnessed two
distinct phases between 1906-27 and 1928-1947. In the first
phase coal based thermal power stations were established and
secondly after the digging of the Ganga canals switching over to
the generation hydro electricity became possible along the banks
of the river Ganga and Yamuna. The motive behind
establishment of these power stations was not general public
welfare. Low potential supply with limited coverage area left the
state power starved till the Independence of India in 1947.
This document provides a summary of the train lighting system on Indian trains. It discusses the key components including the alternator, Rectifier Cum Regulator Unit (RRU), and batteries. The alternator generates 97V AC power while the train is moving that is converted to 110V DC by the RRRU to power the lighting and charge the batteries. The batteries then provide power for lighting when the train is stopped. Key components of the RRU like the hall effect sensor and Isopack power diodes are also described to regulate voltage and current and protect the system from overloads. Periodic maintenance of connections and polarity in the RRU are important to ensure proper functioning of the train lighting system.
The document is an industrial training report submitted by three students on completion of their vocational training at Jayaswal Neco Industries Ltd power plant. It provides an introduction to the company and details of the power plant layout and various processes within it including the DM plant for water treatment, deaerator for gas removal, economizer and evaporators for heating feedwater, water wall tubes, steam drum for separation, and boiler mountings. It also describes water circulation, steam circulation, the turbine, condensate return, safety systems, and conclusions from the training.
Transportation engineering railway system in indiaJangid Devendra
The document summarizes the historical development of the railway system in India from 1832 to the present. It outlines key events and milestones in 5 periods: 1832-1852 focusing on initial industrial railways; 1853-1924 highlighting the introduction of passenger railways and expansion; 1925-1950 noting electrification and further expansion; 1951-1983 describing zonal reorganization and additional developments; and 1984 to present covering rapid transit and modern innovations like India's fastest trains. The railway system started with short industrial lines and gradually expanded nationwide to become one of the largest and busiest networks in the world over the past 190 years.
about indian railway, history of indian railway, mechanical workshop, painting shop, welding shop, heat treatment shop, spring section, machine shop, inspection shop etc.
The document provides an overview of the power industry in India. It notes that as of 2014, India had an installed power capacity of 237.742 GW, with non-renewable sources making up 87.55% and renewable 12.45%. In 2012-2013, India generated around 911 billion units of electricity. Key sources of power discussed include thermal, nuclear, wind, solar, and coal. The largest players in the Indian power market by market capitalization are listed and described briefly.
Bhilai Steel Plant (BSP) is SAIL's largest and most profitable plant located in Bhilai, Chhattisgarh. It has an annual production capacity of 3.153 million tonnes of saleable steel. BSP was inaugurated in 1959 through collaboration with the USSR and produces steel rails, plates, structural steel and other products. It has various production departments including blast furnaces, plate and rail mills, and produces major items like rails, wheels, axles, pipes and TMT bars. BSP has won numerous national awards for its production and safety standards.
India relies heavily on thermal power plants, which generate around 75% of its electrical power. A typical steam power plant works on the Rankine cycle, using a boiler to produce high-pressure steam that is expanded in a turbine to generate electricity. It then condenses the steam back into water to be returned to the boiler, completing the cycle. The key components are the coal handling system, boiler, turbine, alternator, condenser, and cooling system. Thermal power currently accounts for over 95,000 MW of India's installed capacity of around 161,000 MW.
The document summarizes the history and development of India's power sector from the late 19th century to present day. It outlines key milestones like the first demonstration of electric lights in 1879 and enactment of the Electricity Supply Act in 1948. India has seen significant growth in electricity generation over the past decade and is now the 3rd largest producer globally. The share of renewable energy sources like solar and wind has also grown substantially and India has ambitious targets to install 175GW of renewable capacity by 2022. The future of India's power sector is promising with increasing investments and a focus on green technologies like green hydrogen.
I have done my industrial summer training from Bhilai steel plant which is a unit of SAIL. this is powerpoint presentation of my summer training. it includes all basic knowledge about the plant, process of manufacturing of steel and the factories inside it. you can get to learn new things from this presentation. Thank You !!
An overview of vocational training in CLWArunava Paul
This document provides an overview of vocational training at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) in India. It includes details about the student such as their name, college, and CLW registration information. It then provides a brief history of CLW, noting that it was established in 1948 and has since become India's only major electric locomotive manufacturer. The document lists many milestone events in CLW's history from 1950 to 2000, including commissioning new locomotive models and visits from important political leaders. It establishes CLW as an important organization in India's rail industry and a leader in electric locomotive production.
Project report of vocational training at Chittaranjan locomotive workshopSagardwip das
1) Sagardwip Das completed a 2-week vocational training at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) and thanks the various people who made the training possible, including Mr. B.C. Ghosh and Mr. S.K. Saha.
2) CLW is located in West Bengal and was established in 1948 as India's first locomotive manufacturer. It has produced over 6000 locomotives, initially steam locomotives and later diesel and electric.
3) CLW pioneered the production of various locomotive types, including India's first DC electric in 1961, first AC electric in 1963, first diesel-hydraulic in 1968, and first indigenous 3000HP electric traction motor
Shreya sankrityayan completed a summer training project at the Koderma Thermal Power Station. The report provides an overview of the thermal power generation process, describing the key components of a thermal power plant including the coal handling plant, water treatment plant, boiler system, ash handling plant, electrostatic precipitator, steam turbine, steam condensing system, generator, transformer, and switchyard. It also discusses control and instrumentation systems and concludes with lessons learned from the training experience.
This document provides details about Sagardwip Das' two week vocational training at Chittaranjan Locomotive Works (CLW) in Chittaranjan, India. It includes an acknowledgment thanking various supervisors and managers for facilitating the training. An introduction then describes the history and establishment of CLW, including that it began production in 1950 and has since manufactured over 3000 electric locomotives. CLW aims to ensure safety for all workers and has received several certifications and awards for its manufacturing, environmental management, and safety practices.
This document is a report submitted by Sandeep Kr. Singh for his summer training project at the electric loco shed in Ghaziabad, India. It includes sections on the history of Indian Railways, classifications of locomotives, power transmission systems, and components of electric locomotives. The report was submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for an MTech degree from Gautam Buddha University under the guidance of Dr. Yogesh Kr. Chauhan.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
2. A walk to power scenario in INDIA
History
• The first demonstration of electric light in Calcutta was conduted 24 th
July 1879.
• The first hydroelectric installation in India was installed near a tea estate
at Sidrapong for the Darjeeling Municipality in 1897.
• The first hydroelectric power station in j&k was established at mohra in
baramulla by Maharaja Partap Singh in 1905.
• Company(B.E.S.T.) set up a generation station in 1905 to provide
electricity for tramway.
• The first electric train ran between Bombay’s Victoria Terminus and Kurla
along the Harbour Line.
11. NTPC Profile
• Type Government owned corporation
Public company
• Industry Electric Utility
• Founded 1975
• Headquarter New Delhi, India
• Key people Arup Roy Choudhury
(Chairman & MD)
• Products Electrical power
Natural gas
• Services Electricity generation and distribution
natural gas exploration, production, transportation
and distribution
• Revenue INR 73904 Crores (US$ 12.34 billion) (2013-14)
• Net income INR 13834 Crores (US$ 2.31 billion) (2013-14)
• Number of
employees 24,546 (April 2015)
• Website www.ntpc.co.in
12. Vision
To be the world’s largest and best power producer, powering .
. India’s growth.
Mission
Develop and provide reliable power, related products and services at
competitive prices, integrating multiple energy sources with
innovative and eco-friendly technologies and contribute to society.