Electricity which forms the life blood of any industry
was introduced in the then United Province (U.P.) quite late. A
plant having a capacity of 855 KW was setup and made
operational in Kanpur on December 23, 1906. This was the first
power plant established in the United Provinces. But this sector
witnessed a very slow progress in the Province and till 1926-27
only nine towns could be energised. But the British for running
their own establishments in India needed supply of electricity.
The growth and development in this sector witnessed two
distinct phases between 1906-27 and 1928-1947. In the first
phase coal based thermal power stations were established and
secondly after the digging of the Ganga canals switching over to
the generation hydro electricity became possible along the banks
of the river Ganga and Yamuna. The motive behind
establishment of these power stations was not general public
welfare. Low potential supply with limited coverage area left the
state power starved till the Independence of India in 1947.
The document summarizes India's history of energy development and the various organizations involved in the energy sector. It discusses the establishment of state electricity boards and five-year plans to promote power supply across the country. It then outlines the various ministries, organizations, projects, and policies related to thermal and hydroelectric power generation, transmission, rural electrification initiatives, and the development of coal, natural gas, solar, and other renewable energy sources in India.
This document provides information about the city of Rourkela in Odisha, India. It discusses the history and establishment of Rourkela as a steel city in 1961. It describes the acquisition of land from villages to establish the steel plant and residential areas. It outlines the growth of the city over time from the 1950s to the present. It analyzes the morphology, land use, pathways, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks of Rourkela. It also discusses the socio-cultural aspects of the population and important heritage and cultural events in the city.
This presentation includes all recent data of power plants in Pakistan, grid stations data, length of transmission lines and energy solution to present crisis
The document provides background information on the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) in India. It describes DVC as the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India. It was established in 1948 to control flooding of the Damodar River and enable irrigation, power generation, and socio-economic development. Over time, power generation became its primary focus. Currently, DVC has a total installed power capacity of over 2,700 MW across various thermal, hydropower and gas plants.
The document reports on Sourajit Biswas' training at the Panchet Hydel Power Station owned by the Damodar Valley Corporation from January 6-18, 2014. It discusses the power generation and transmission processes at the station. The power station uses an earthen dam on the Damodar River to tap water to turn turbines and generate electricity, which is then stepped up and transmitted for domestic and industrial use. Precautions are taken to ensure safety and continuity of power supply.
The 10 biggest hydroelectric pp (hep) in the world (www.power-technology)skthen72
The document profiles the 10 largest hydroelectric power plants in the world by installed capacity. The Three Gorges Dam in China is the largest with 22,500 MW capacity. The Itaipu Dam on the Brazil-Paraguay border has 14,000 MW capacity and is the second largest. The third largest is the Guri Dam in Venezuela with 10,200 MW capacity. The document provides brief details on the location, installed capacity, construction details and annual power output of each of the top 10 hydroelectric plants.
This document summarizes information about hydroelectric power potential and projects in India. It provides details on India's hydroelectric installed capacity, potential sites identified by the Central Electricity Authority, and basin-wise potential breakdown. Major hydroelectric projects in India are listed along with their operators and key facts. The document also discusses MNRE incentives for small hydroelectric projects below 25 MW, including capital subsidies provided to promote hydro development.
The document provides information about the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), which was established in 1948 as the first river valley project in independent India. It has a command area of over 24,000 square kilometers spanning Jharkhand and West Bengal. DVC generates power from thermal and hydroelectric plants with a total installed capacity of nearly 2,800 MW. It also manages water resources through dams, barrages and canals for irrigation, industrial/domestic use, and flood control. DVC has pioneered several initiatives in India such as the first underground hydel station and use of pulverized coal in thermal plants. It is working to increase power generation capacity and modernize older plants through renovation and life
The document summarizes India's history of energy development and the various organizations involved in the energy sector. It discusses the establishment of state electricity boards and five-year plans to promote power supply across the country. It then outlines the various ministries, organizations, projects, and policies related to thermal and hydroelectric power generation, transmission, rural electrification initiatives, and the development of coal, natural gas, solar, and other renewable energy sources in India.
This document provides information about the city of Rourkela in Odisha, India. It discusses the history and establishment of Rourkela as a steel city in 1961. It describes the acquisition of land from villages to establish the steel plant and residential areas. It outlines the growth of the city over time from the 1950s to the present. It analyzes the morphology, land use, pathways, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks of Rourkela. It also discusses the socio-cultural aspects of the population and important heritage and cultural events in the city.
This presentation includes all recent data of power plants in Pakistan, grid stations data, length of transmission lines and energy solution to present crisis
The document provides background information on the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) in India. It describes DVC as the first multipurpose river valley project of independent India. It was established in 1948 to control flooding of the Damodar River and enable irrigation, power generation, and socio-economic development. Over time, power generation became its primary focus. Currently, DVC has a total installed power capacity of over 2,700 MW across various thermal, hydropower and gas plants.
The document reports on Sourajit Biswas' training at the Panchet Hydel Power Station owned by the Damodar Valley Corporation from January 6-18, 2014. It discusses the power generation and transmission processes at the station. The power station uses an earthen dam on the Damodar River to tap water to turn turbines and generate electricity, which is then stepped up and transmitted for domestic and industrial use. Precautions are taken to ensure safety and continuity of power supply.
The 10 biggest hydroelectric pp (hep) in the world (www.power-technology)skthen72
The document profiles the 10 largest hydroelectric power plants in the world by installed capacity. The Three Gorges Dam in China is the largest with 22,500 MW capacity. The Itaipu Dam on the Brazil-Paraguay border has 14,000 MW capacity and is the second largest. The third largest is the Guri Dam in Venezuela with 10,200 MW capacity. The document provides brief details on the location, installed capacity, construction details and annual power output of each of the top 10 hydroelectric plants.
This document summarizes information about hydroelectric power potential and projects in India. It provides details on India's hydroelectric installed capacity, potential sites identified by the Central Electricity Authority, and basin-wise potential breakdown. Major hydroelectric projects in India are listed along with their operators and key facts. The document also discusses MNRE incentives for small hydroelectric projects below 25 MW, including capital subsidies provided to promote hydro development.
The document provides information about the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), which was established in 1948 as the first river valley project in independent India. It has a command area of over 24,000 square kilometers spanning Jharkhand and West Bengal. DVC generates power from thermal and hydroelectric plants with a total installed capacity of nearly 2,800 MW. It also manages water resources through dams, barrages and canals for irrigation, industrial/domestic use, and flood control. DVC has pioneered several initiatives in India such as the first underground hydel station and use of pulverized coal in thermal plants. It is working to increase power generation capacity and modernize older plants through renovation and life
City State Installed Capacity in MW
1 DVC NTPC Super Thermal Power Project, Jharkhand 1320 (2 X 660)
2 DVC Mejia Power Company Ltd. West Bengal 1320 (2 X 660)
Total : 2640
Grand Total (Thermal + Hydel + Gas + JVs): 10,480 MW
DVC Plants at a glance:
- Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is the first multipurpose river valley project in independent India set up in 1948.
- It has several thermal, hydel, and gas power plants with a total installed capacity of over 10,000 MW across West Bengal
The document summarizes key information about the Tarbela Dam located on the Indus River in Pakistan. It describes that the dam was completed in 1976 to store water for irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power generation. At 470 feet high and 9,000 feet long, Tarbela Dam is one of the largest earth-filled dams in the world and impounds the Indus River, creating a large reservoir. It includes several power generating turbines and has an installed capacity of up to 6,298 MW of hydroelectric power.
Bruce Power 160072_GuidetoBrucePowerReport_R000_lowresSpreadTony Bernard
Bruce Power has transformed its nuclear generating site over the past 15 years through billions of dollars in private investment. It has returned four previously shut down reactors to service, refurbished other units, and signed a long-term agreement to refurbish six more reactors by 2064, providing 30% of Ontario's electricity for decades to come at a lower cost than other sources. By continuously innovating its maintenance programs, Bruce Power is well positioned to fulfill its commitment to provide safe, reliable, carbon-free electricity to Ontario through 2064.
Tarbela Dam is one of the world’s largest earth and rock filled Dam and greatest water resources development project which was completed in 1976 as a component of Indus Basin Project.
It is also the second largest dam in the world in terms of reservoir capacity, which is 11.62 million acre-feet (14.3 billion cubic meters).
This document provides information about the Mangla Dam located in Pakistan. It describes that the dam was completed in 1967 and is an embankment dam on the Jhelum River near Jhelum, Pakistan. It discusses the key structures of the dam including its maximum height, crest length, and volume. The document also notes that over 110,000 people were displaced during construction and several villages were submerged. It provides current details about the dam's power capacity and generation.
Dams are constructed barriers that impound water and create reservoirs. Warsak Dam is a concrete gravity dam located on the Kabul River in Pakistan. Completed in 1960 with funding from Canada, Warsak Dam was Pakistan's first major dam project and generates 243 MW of hydroelectric power. However, the dam has experienced significant siltation issues over time which reduce its storage capacity. Rehabilitation projects have been undertaken to address the siltation problems at Warsak Dam.
Performance Evaluation of Small Hydro Power PlantGirish Gupta
This is a project on the study of small hydro power plant of Khairana, Ramgarh, Uttrakhand which is of the capacity 100 KW. This project is done under Center of Excellence, Technical Educational Quality Improvement Programme - II (COE, TEQIP-II) funded by Ministry of Human Resource and Developement, Government of India
The document summarizes the history and development of the Tarbella Dam project in Pakistan. It describes how the project was initiated in response to an energy crisis and need to regulate the Indus River. The Indus Water Treaty was signed in 1960 and led to the development of the Indus Basin Project, including the Mangla and Tarbella Dams. The Tarbella Dam site was selected based on geological studies. The dam faced challenges including displacement of local populations but increased electricity generation beyond initial projections. Upgrades and extensions to the project have continued to boost power capacity to meet Pakistan's growing energy needs.
The document discusses hydel power in Pakistan. It states that while Pakistan faces deficiencies in oil and gas, it has abundant water resources and potential for hydel power generation. Hydel power currently provides 34% of Pakistan's renewable energy. It then outlines some benefits of hydel power, including being renewable and emitting no pollution. The document provides statistics on existing hydel power projects and their contributions. It also briefly describes how hydel power plants work and highlights some major projects like Tarbela and Mangla dams.
This document provides an outline on dams and hydropower projects in Pakistan. It discusses operational projects such as the Tarbela Dam and Ghazi-Barotha Hydropower Project. Under construction projects mentioned include the Dasu Hydropower Project and Neelum Jhelum Hydropower Project. Future proposed projects discussed are the Diamer Basha Dam, Munda Dam Project, and Kalabagh Dam. The document also lists several hydropower projects that are currently under feasibility studies.
The document summarizes the current status of wind energy in Mexico. It notes that Mexico has implemented a goal to increase clean energy sources to 35% of electricity by 2020 and 50% by 2050. As of 2012, installed wind power capacity in Mexico reached 1,215 MW, a 598% increase from 2008-2012. The largest wind farms are located in Oaxaca, which has over 1,000 MW in operation and additional projects being constructed. Mexico has an estimated wind energy potential of 71,000 MW, though currently only around 17% of this potential is being utilized.
Dams And Hydroelectricity In Maharashtra | Art Integrated Project | Science P...PritamPriyambadSahoo
Dams And Hydroelectricity In Maharashtra a Science Art Integrated Project of CBSE Class 10.
A PowerPoint presentation Made By Pritam Priyambad Sahoo
For any queries, mail at pritamsahoo.edu@gmail.com
Thank You! :)
COST ESTIMATION OF SMALL HYDRO POWER GENERATIONRajeev Kumar
R. Montanari [4] in his paper presents an original method for finding the most economically advantageous choice for the installation of micro hydroelectric plants. More precisely, the paper that follows is to be considered in a context defined as “problematic” by those who have the job of constructing water-flow plants with only small head and modest flow rates. Traditional plant solutions using Kaplan or Francis type turbines must be rejected because of the high levels of initial investments. Much more simple configurations must be analyzed, such as plants with propeller turbines or Michel–Banki turbines, in order to reduce the investment costs. The general methodology applied provides a powerful decision-making instrument which is able to define the best plant configuration. The method is based on the use of economic profitability indicators, such as the Net Present Value (NPV), calculated using the plant project parameters, the nominal flow rate and head, and the particular hydrologic characteristics of the site, such as the type of distribution, the average value and the standard deviation of the flow rates in the course of water supplying the plant
S.M.H. Hosseinia, F. Forouzbakhshb, M. Rahimpoor [6] in their paper a method to calculate the annual energy has presented, as is the program developed using Excel software. This program analyzes and estimates the most important economic indices of a small hydro power plant using the sensitivity analysis method. Another program, developed by Mat lab software, calculates the reliability indices for a number of units of a small hydro power plant with a specified load duration curve using the Monte Carlo method. Ultimately, comparing the technical, economic and reliability indices will determine the optimal installation capacity of a small hydro power plant.
S.K. Singal and R.P.Saini [9] has presented methodology to determine the correlations for the cost of different components of canal based small hydro power schemes. The cost based on the developed correlations, having different head and capacity, has been compared with the available cost data of the existing hydropower stations. It has been found that these correlations can be used reasonably for the estimation of cost of new canal-based SHP schemes.
Latin America is expected to significantly increase its wind energy capacity over the next decade. Brazil offers the largest growth potential, with plans to reach 15.6 GW by 2021. Mexico and Argentina also have ambitious expansion targets. Key factors like local content requirements, financing challenges, and electricity prices will influence growth. European companies currently dominate but local players are expected to grow in importance starting in 2015.
The document summarizes Block Island Wind Farm, the nation's first offshore wind farm. It will be located off the coast of Block Island, Rhode Island and have a capacity of 30 MW powered by 6 MW turbines. Construction is planned for 2013-2014 and will create 200 temporary jobs. The wind farm has secured a 20-year power purchase agreement with National Grid to supply the island and connect to the mainland grid via underground cable.
This document summarizes the design of a 10KW hydro power plant in Pakistan. It includes selecting an appropriate turbine based on the effective head of 10m and delivery pipe diameter of 0.5m. The nozzle diameter is calculated as 13.5cm based on the required flow rate of 0.2 cubic meters per second. Total head and losses are also considered. The structural design and suitable gear ratio are determined. In conclusion, accounting for losses is important in design, assumptions simplify the design, hydro power is non-polluting, and can help address Pakistan's energy issues.
Future of solar Power Projects in IndiaHarish Sharma
As of 6th April 2017 the country's solar grid had a cumulative capacity of 12.28 gigawatts (GW) compared to 6.76 GW at the end of March 2016. To achieve the targets of year 2022 and 2030 the solar industry would have to grow by leaps and bounds.
The Collinsville Dams in Collinsville, Connecticut were originally constructed in the early 1900s to produce energy for a local axe company. The two dams generated power until the company closed in 1966, after which the dams fell into disuse. In 2013, the Collinsville Renewable Energy Promotion Act allowed the town to refurbish the dams. The upper dam can produce 373 kilowatts while the lower dam, unique for having two structures, can generate 920 kilowatts. Though work has yet to begin, the town is seeking developers to restart hydroelectric production from the Collinsville Dams.
Present globalised and consumerised world need sustainable development mechanism for the better tomorrow, without sustainable development we can`t stand here. Every part of the life need sustainability. For the energy sustainability SHPs are the good and viable option for better tomorrow. This Small Hydro Projects can make a big difference in many lives
The document provides information about the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) committee that will be discussed at the HGSHMUN conference. It outlines ECOSOC's mandate and functions, which include coordination and policymaking on economic, social and environmental issues. It then introduces the topic of economic inequality, defining it as financial disparity between classes. It lists several key reasons for economic inequality, including differences in wages, wealth, education levels, taxes, and effects of technology and globalization on labor markets.
Batra Computer Centre is An ISO certified 9001:2008 training Centre in Ambala.
We Provide Web Browser in Ambala. BATRA COMPUTER CENTRE provides best training in C, C++, S.E.O, Web Designing, Web Development and So many other courses are available.
City State Installed Capacity in MW
1 DVC NTPC Super Thermal Power Project, Jharkhand 1320 (2 X 660)
2 DVC Mejia Power Company Ltd. West Bengal 1320 (2 X 660)
Total : 2640
Grand Total (Thermal + Hydel + Gas + JVs): 10,480 MW
DVC Plants at a glance:
- Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) is the first multipurpose river valley project in independent India set up in 1948.
- It has several thermal, hydel, and gas power plants with a total installed capacity of over 10,000 MW across West Bengal
The document summarizes key information about the Tarbela Dam located on the Indus River in Pakistan. It describes that the dam was completed in 1976 to store water for irrigation, flood control, and hydroelectric power generation. At 470 feet high and 9,000 feet long, Tarbela Dam is one of the largest earth-filled dams in the world and impounds the Indus River, creating a large reservoir. It includes several power generating turbines and has an installed capacity of up to 6,298 MW of hydroelectric power.
Bruce Power 160072_GuidetoBrucePowerReport_R000_lowresSpreadTony Bernard
Bruce Power has transformed its nuclear generating site over the past 15 years through billions of dollars in private investment. It has returned four previously shut down reactors to service, refurbished other units, and signed a long-term agreement to refurbish six more reactors by 2064, providing 30% of Ontario's electricity for decades to come at a lower cost than other sources. By continuously innovating its maintenance programs, Bruce Power is well positioned to fulfill its commitment to provide safe, reliable, carbon-free electricity to Ontario through 2064.
Tarbela Dam is one of the world’s largest earth and rock filled Dam and greatest water resources development project which was completed in 1976 as a component of Indus Basin Project.
It is also the second largest dam in the world in terms of reservoir capacity, which is 11.62 million acre-feet (14.3 billion cubic meters).
This document provides information about the Mangla Dam located in Pakistan. It describes that the dam was completed in 1967 and is an embankment dam on the Jhelum River near Jhelum, Pakistan. It discusses the key structures of the dam including its maximum height, crest length, and volume. The document also notes that over 110,000 people were displaced during construction and several villages were submerged. It provides current details about the dam's power capacity and generation.
Dams are constructed barriers that impound water and create reservoirs. Warsak Dam is a concrete gravity dam located on the Kabul River in Pakistan. Completed in 1960 with funding from Canada, Warsak Dam was Pakistan's first major dam project and generates 243 MW of hydroelectric power. However, the dam has experienced significant siltation issues over time which reduce its storage capacity. Rehabilitation projects have been undertaken to address the siltation problems at Warsak Dam.
Performance Evaluation of Small Hydro Power PlantGirish Gupta
This is a project on the study of small hydro power plant of Khairana, Ramgarh, Uttrakhand which is of the capacity 100 KW. This project is done under Center of Excellence, Technical Educational Quality Improvement Programme - II (COE, TEQIP-II) funded by Ministry of Human Resource and Developement, Government of India
The document summarizes the history and development of the Tarbella Dam project in Pakistan. It describes how the project was initiated in response to an energy crisis and need to regulate the Indus River. The Indus Water Treaty was signed in 1960 and led to the development of the Indus Basin Project, including the Mangla and Tarbella Dams. The Tarbella Dam site was selected based on geological studies. The dam faced challenges including displacement of local populations but increased electricity generation beyond initial projections. Upgrades and extensions to the project have continued to boost power capacity to meet Pakistan's growing energy needs.
The document discusses hydel power in Pakistan. It states that while Pakistan faces deficiencies in oil and gas, it has abundant water resources and potential for hydel power generation. Hydel power currently provides 34% of Pakistan's renewable energy. It then outlines some benefits of hydel power, including being renewable and emitting no pollution. The document provides statistics on existing hydel power projects and their contributions. It also briefly describes how hydel power plants work and highlights some major projects like Tarbela and Mangla dams.
This document provides an outline on dams and hydropower projects in Pakistan. It discusses operational projects such as the Tarbela Dam and Ghazi-Barotha Hydropower Project. Under construction projects mentioned include the Dasu Hydropower Project and Neelum Jhelum Hydropower Project. Future proposed projects discussed are the Diamer Basha Dam, Munda Dam Project, and Kalabagh Dam. The document also lists several hydropower projects that are currently under feasibility studies.
The document summarizes the current status of wind energy in Mexico. It notes that Mexico has implemented a goal to increase clean energy sources to 35% of electricity by 2020 and 50% by 2050. As of 2012, installed wind power capacity in Mexico reached 1,215 MW, a 598% increase from 2008-2012. The largest wind farms are located in Oaxaca, which has over 1,000 MW in operation and additional projects being constructed. Mexico has an estimated wind energy potential of 71,000 MW, though currently only around 17% of this potential is being utilized.
Dams And Hydroelectricity In Maharashtra | Art Integrated Project | Science P...PritamPriyambadSahoo
Dams And Hydroelectricity In Maharashtra a Science Art Integrated Project of CBSE Class 10.
A PowerPoint presentation Made By Pritam Priyambad Sahoo
For any queries, mail at pritamsahoo.edu@gmail.com
Thank You! :)
COST ESTIMATION OF SMALL HYDRO POWER GENERATIONRajeev Kumar
R. Montanari [4] in his paper presents an original method for finding the most economically advantageous choice for the installation of micro hydroelectric plants. More precisely, the paper that follows is to be considered in a context defined as “problematic” by those who have the job of constructing water-flow plants with only small head and modest flow rates. Traditional plant solutions using Kaplan or Francis type turbines must be rejected because of the high levels of initial investments. Much more simple configurations must be analyzed, such as plants with propeller turbines or Michel–Banki turbines, in order to reduce the investment costs. The general methodology applied provides a powerful decision-making instrument which is able to define the best plant configuration. The method is based on the use of economic profitability indicators, such as the Net Present Value (NPV), calculated using the plant project parameters, the nominal flow rate and head, and the particular hydrologic characteristics of the site, such as the type of distribution, the average value and the standard deviation of the flow rates in the course of water supplying the plant
S.M.H. Hosseinia, F. Forouzbakhshb, M. Rahimpoor [6] in their paper a method to calculate the annual energy has presented, as is the program developed using Excel software. This program analyzes and estimates the most important economic indices of a small hydro power plant using the sensitivity analysis method. Another program, developed by Mat lab software, calculates the reliability indices for a number of units of a small hydro power plant with a specified load duration curve using the Monte Carlo method. Ultimately, comparing the technical, economic and reliability indices will determine the optimal installation capacity of a small hydro power plant.
S.K. Singal and R.P.Saini [9] has presented methodology to determine the correlations for the cost of different components of canal based small hydro power schemes. The cost based on the developed correlations, having different head and capacity, has been compared with the available cost data of the existing hydropower stations. It has been found that these correlations can be used reasonably for the estimation of cost of new canal-based SHP schemes.
Latin America is expected to significantly increase its wind energy capacity over the next decade. Brazil offers the largest growth potential, with plans to reach 15.6 GW by 2021. Mexico and Argentina also have ambitious expansion targets. Key factors like local content requirements, financing challenges, and electricity prices will influence growth. European companies currently dominate but local players are expected to grow in importance starting in 2015.
The document summarizes Block Island Wind Farm, the nation's first offshore wind farm. It will be located off the coast of Block Island, Rhode Island and have a capacity of 30 MW powered by 6 MW turbines. Construction is planned for 2013-2014 and will create 200 temporary jobs. The wind farm has secured a 20-year power purchase agreement with National Grid to supply the island and connect to the mainland grid via underground cable.
This document summarizes the design of a 10KW hydro power plant in Pakistan. It includes selecting an appropriate turbine based on the effective head of 10m and delivery pipe diameter of 0.5m. The nozzle diameter is calculated as 13.5cm based on the required flow rate of 0.2 cubic meters per second. Total head and losses are also considered. The structural design and suitable gear ratio are determined. In conclusion, accounting for losses is important in design, assumptions simplify the design, hydro power is non-polluting, and can help address Pakistan's energy issues.
Future of solar Power Projects in IndiaHarish Sharma
As of 6th April 2017 the country's solar grid had a cumulative capacity of 12.28 gigawatts (GW) compared to 6.76 GW at the end of March 2016. To achieve the targets of year 2022 and 2030 the solar industry would have to grow by leaps and bounds.
The Collinsville Dams in Collinsville, Connecticut were originally constructed in the early 1900s to produce energy for a local axe company. The two dams generated power until the company closed in 1966, after which the dams fell into disuse. In 2013, the Collinsville Renewable Energy Promotion Act allowed the town to refurbish the dams. The upper dam can produce 373 kilowatts while the lower dam, unique for having two structures, can generate 920 kilowatts. Though work has yet to begin, the town is seeking developers to restart hydroelectric production from the Collinsville Dams.
Present globalised and consumerised world need sustainable development mechanism for the better tomorrow, without sustainable development we can`t stand here. Every part of the life need sustainability. For the energy sustainability SHPs are the good and viable option for better tomorrow. This Small Hydro Projects can make a big difference in many lives
The document provides information about the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) committee that will be discussed at the HGSHMUN conference. It outlines ECOSOC's mandate and functions, which include coordination and policymaking on economic, social and environmental issues. It then introduces the topic of economic inequality, defining it as financial disparity between classes. It lists several key reasons for economic inequality, including differences in wages, wealth, education levels, taxes, and effects of technology and globalization on labor markets.
Batra Computer Centre is An ISO certified 9001:2008 training Centre in Ambala.
We Provide Web Browser in Ambala. BATRA COMPUTER CENTRE provides best training in C, C++, S.E.O, Web Designing, Web Development and So many other courses are available.
The document discusses several EEG studies conducted in 1984 and 2005-2006 involving horses and humans during TTouch sessions. The 1984 study with Anna Wise and Linda Tellington-Jones found that some experienced TTouch practitioners demonstrated brain patterns associated with an "Awakened Mind State" during sessions with horses. A later study in 2005 measured a horse named Midnight and found its brainwaves calmed and took on patterns similar to the human "Awakened Mind State" during TTouch. Long term, studies on a mare named Grace found her brainwaves and behavior significantly calmed after one year of regular TTouch sessions.
El documento habla sobre el aprendizaje electrónico (e-learning) en el siglo XXI y las comunidades de aprendizaje. Explica que el e-learning involucra comunicación síncrona y asíncrona, y permite la educación a distancia y el aprendizaje en línea e híbrido. También describe las comunidades de aprendizaje como un aprendizaje colaborativo basado en la interacción, y presenta un marco para estas comunidades centrado en el aprendizaje significativo a través de la presencia social,
La leyenda cuenta la historia de una joven que fue brutalmente acosada y luego se vistió con maquillaje rojo y zapatos altos para llamar la atención de los hombres en una covacha. Ella invita a bailar a un chico que le gusta y pasan la noche juntos, pero cuando intenta propasarse con ella, la joven se enoja y resulta ser un cadáver. Años más tarde, cuando el hombre visita su tumba, "La Tacona" aparece detrás de él.
Pramod Pawar has over 4 years of experience as an SAP Super User and Business Analyst working on end-to-end SAP implementations. He has expertise in SAP SD, MM, FI, PP and QM modules and experience developing reports, pricing routines, and function modules. Currently he works as an Assistant Manager at Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd where he has led implementations for their various business units and provides support resolving day-to-day issues. He aims to contribute to strategic decision making to exceed client expectations and allow professional growth.
Read & Share : Qaasoo Update SME Business NewsletterDrBiz Arikrishnan
The document discusses five traits that help businesses grow profits in Malaysia: passion, values, a great team, resilience, and treating others with respect. It provides an example of a widowed mother who started a successful organic farming business through her passion. The document also discusses Promosys Technology, an IoT solutions provider in Malaysia. It lists some of Promosys' commercialized solutions, such as nurse call systems and rodent monitoring. Finally, the document explains Qaasoo Business Accreditation, which involves vetting businesses and signifies they have been authorized.
La Infancia Misionera es una obra de la Iglesia Católica que promueve la formación misionera de niños entre 4 y 12 años. Tiene como objetivos despertar la conciencia misionera de los niños y motivarlos a orar y ofrecer donaciones para ayudar a otros niños necesitados en el mundo. Fue fundada en 1843 en Francia por Monseñor Carlos Augusto Forbin Janson para que "los niños ayuden a los niños" y desde entonces se ha extendido a más de 150 países.
NATURALEZA Y EVOLUCIÓN DE LA TECNOLOGIAJhoana Toro
Este documento presenta información sobre la naturaleza y evolución de la tecnología. Incluye una línea de tiempo con inventos clave como el fuego, la rueda y la agricultura. También incluye actividades como un glosario, un mapa conceptual y preguntas sobre cómo la cultura influye en el desarrollo tecnológico.
New microsoft office power point presentationhumra shamim
This document discusses the anatomy and embryology of the larynx and vocal folds. It contains the following key points:
1. The larynx is composed of cartilages, membranes, ligaments, and intrinsic muscles that allow it to modulate vocal tract shape and volume for human speech. The thyroid, cricoid, and paired arytenoid cartilages are most important for vocal function.
2. The vocal folds contain five layers - surface mucosa, superficial lamina propria, intermediate lamina propria, deep lamina propria, and muscular layer - that give it tensile strength and allow vibration for phonation.
3. Development of the larynx and associated structures involves the end
El documento describe el proceso de elaboración de jabón artesanal. Explica que antiguamente se usaban "jabones naturales llamados saponinas" y que el proceso consiste en hervir grasas y añadir sosa cáustica para crear la reacción de saponificación. También resume el presupuesto y procedimiento para hacer jabón casero usando hojuelas de jabón neutro, tinturas y esencias.
This document describes a rule-based machine translation system for translating English text to Telugu. It discusses the challenges of developing such a system, including differences in grammar between the two languages. An algorithm is proposed that uses rules, probabilities, and rough sets to classify sentences and select the best word translations. The system works by tokenizing English sentences, tagging the words with parts of speech, looking up word translations in a bilingual dictionary, and concatenating the Telugu words to form the output sentence.
This document discusses several popular social media platforms and what they allow users to do. Facebook lets users share photos and videos about their personal lives and stay connected with family, friends, and coworkers. Snapchat features funny filters and allows sharing of photos, videos, and links with others as well as video chatting. Instagram enables uploading of photos and videos for a set time period and includes options to share links, use hashtags, and contact other users through messaging.
Pride can lead one to act in ways that damage relationships by diminishing others and making it difficult to accept corrections, as unchecked passions and an unbridled sense of self can destroy love and connections with others.
Este documento trata sobre la historia y el desarrollo de la hemodiálisis. Explica los principios físicos y químicos en los que se basa la hemodiálisis y describe los primeros experimentos de diálisis en animales y humanos en el siglo XIX. También detalla los avances clave en el desarrollo de máquinas de hemodiálisis y la introducción de la técnica en el Perú a mediados del siglo XX.
Weekly Outlook for Nifty and major indices (February 13, 2017 - February 17, ...equitypandit
Nifty ended the week on positive note gaining around 0.60%.
As we have mentioned last week that minor resistance for the index lies in the zone of 8800 to 8820. Resistance for the index lies in the zone of 8900 to 8950 where the index had made a top in the month of September-2016. If the index manages to close above these levels then the index can move to the levels of 9050 to 9100 where life time highs for the index is lying. During the week the index manages to hit a hit of 8822 and close the week around the levels of 8794.
Minor support for the index lies in the zone of 8680 to 8720. Support for the index lies in the zone of 8460 to 8510 where Fibonacci levels are lying. If the index manages to close below these levels then the index can drift of 8280 to 8330 from where the index broke out of the declining trend-line and 200 Daily SMA is lying. If the index manages to close below these levels then the index can drift to the levels of 8100 to 8150 where Fibonacci levels and highs of December-2016 are lying.
Minor resistance for the index lies in the zone of 8800 to 8820. Resistance for the index lies in the zone of 8900 to 8950 where the index had made a top in the month of September-2016. If the index manages to close above these levels then the index can move to the levels of 9050 to 9100 where life time highs for the index is lying.
Broad range for the week is seen from 8600 on downside to 9000 on upside.
India relies heavily on thermal power plants, which generate around 75% of its electrical power. A typical steam power plant works on the Rankine cycle, using a boiler to produce high-pressure steam that is expanded in a turbine to generate electricity. It then condenses the steam back into water to be returned to the boiler, completing the cycle. The key components are the coal handling system, boiler, turbine, alternator, condenser, and cooling system. Thermal power currently accounts for over 95,000 MW of India's installed capacity of around 161,000 MW.
This presentation summarizes information about the Thermal Power Station in Muzafargarh, Pakistan. The key points are:
- The power station has a total installed capacity of 1350 MW generated across 6 units powered by natural gas and furnace oil.
- It uses a Rankine cycle to generate steam from heated water to power turbines and generate electricity.
- The presentation describes the typical components and processes within a thermal power plant, including boilers, turbines, generators, and cooling systems.
- Muzafargarh power station is a major source of electricity in Pakistan's national grid and is operated by the Pakistan Electric Power Company.
MAJOR AND MINOR IRRIGATION PROJECTS.pptxGOWSALYAR7
This document discusses the history and development of irrigation in India. It notes that irrigation projects began as early as the 2nd century AD under Chola kings in Tamil Nadu. Major development occurred under the British between 1836-1866 through river diversion works. After devastating famines in the late 19th century, the First Irrigation Commission was established in 1901 leading to rapid expansion. Key statistics on irrigated area growth are provided. The document also outlines guidelines for planning, surveying, investigating and establishing feasibility of irrigation projects in India. Environmental impacts and their assessment are briefly covered.
The Koyna Hydroelectric Project is located in Maharashtra, India and consists of four dams including the largest, the Koyna Dam. It has a total installed capacity of 1,960 MW generated across four stages. Stage I and II share an underground powerhouse with eight turbines. Stage III and IV were later additions that utilize the remaining hydraulic head through the Kolkewadi Dam and additional turbines. The project harnesses the large hydraulic head available over a short distance in the Western Ghats mountains to generate substantial electricity, making it the largest hydroelectric project completed in India.
Power Systems I - . Introduction to power systems-new.pptxlidula
This document provides an overview of power systems and the history of electric power development in Sri Lanka. It discusses:
1) The definition of an electric power system and a brief history of developments in early power systems from 1879 to the present day.
2) Key milestones in the development of electricity infrastructure in Sri Lanka from 1882 to the present, including the establishment of the Ceylon Electricity Board in 1969.
3) Statistics on electricity generation in Sri Lanka, including the commissioning of hydropower and thermal power stations and the increasing role of renewable energy.
This document provides information about hydroelectric power prospects in India and globally, including:
- India has the 7th largest installed hydroelectric capacity globally and potential to develop an additional 148,700 MW of hydroelectric power. Major river basins in India with hydroelectric potential are the Indus, Brahmaputra, Ganga, and others.
- Important existing hydroelectric projects in India include Tehri Dam, Koyna Hydroelectric Project, Srisailam Dam, Nathpa Jhakri, Sardar Sarovar Dam, and Bhakra Nangal Dam.
- The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy provides financial incentives for developing new small hydroelectric projects up
Bhakra Dam is a 740-foot high concrete gravity dam located on the Sutlej River in India. It has a reservoir called Gobind Sagar that can store up to 9.34 billion cubic meters of water. The dam provides irrigation to over 10 million acres of land and has a hydroelectric capacity of 1325 MW. It is considered one of India's most important dams for irrigation, flood control, and power generation.
The document provides information about the city of Rourkela in India. It discusses the history, physical setting, planning, land use, development plan, demographic profile, economic profile, infrastructure, housing, administrative and environmental profiles of Rourkela. Some key points are: Rourkela is an important commercial center in Odisha and is home to one of India's largest steel plants; the city was planned in the 1950s around the newly established steel plant and township; it has since grown significantly and a master plan was developed to accommodate additional population; current population is over 270,000 people with literacy rates around 87%; the economy depends heavily on the secondary sector including steel production.
Warsak Hydroelectric Project is located on River Kabul at about 30 KM from Peshawar in Distt. Peshawar (KPK). The Project was completed under Colombo Plan in two phases, financed by Canadian Government.
The document discusses the history and development of electricity in India. It notes that the first demonstration of electric light in India was in Calcutta in 1879. It then provides statistics on India's current electricity sector, including total installed capacity as of 2015 of 281.423 GW, with 29% from renewable sources. It also states that India became the third largest electricity producer in the world in 2013. The document then discusses the government's "Power for All" scheme to ensure 24/7 electricity availability nationwide by 2022.
The document discusses major hydropower projects in India. It notes that hydropower is generated by harnessing the kinetic energy of falling or flowing water to turn turbines and generate electricity. Some of the earliest and most important hydropower projects in India discussed include the Bhakra Nangal project, the Damodar Valley project, the Hirakud Dam project, the Riband project, the Chambal Valley project, the Koyana hydroelectric project, and the Tungabhadra project. The document also briefly mentions several other major hydropower projects across different Indian states that have been completed or are nearing completion.
The koyana Dam is one of the largest dams in Maharashtra, India located on the koyana River. It has a total installed capacity of 1,920 MW making it the largest hydroelectric project in India. The dam was constructed between 1954-1962 and has withstood major earthquakes. It provides hydroelectric power and irrigation to Maharashtra.
This document provides an overview of Pakistan's current electricity demand and supply scenario. It discusses that Pakistan is facing a 6000 MW deficit in peak summer months, with demand growing at 6-7% annually. It attributes the crisis to bad governance, financial issues, and theft. Plans are outlined to enhance generation capacity through coal, hydel, and renewable projects to bridge the gap and attract private investment. Charts show current installed capacity by source, consumption by sector, and Pakistan's energy mix compared to global averages. Upcoming private projects through 2025 are projected to add over 15,000 MW of capacity.
This document is a summer training project report submitted by three students from NIT Calicut who completed their training at the Jealgora receiving and distribution substation located in the Lodna Area of Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL) in Dhanbad, India. The report provides details about the substation including its source of power from the Damodar Valley Corporation, its capacity of 40MVA from 4 transformers, and the distribution of power to various collieries and areas. It also includes diagrams of the substation layout and discusses important elements within the substation like isolators and circuit breakers.
This is BCCL orignal report of 132KV Balihari Substation . This report is very helpful for those student who approch BCCL for their Vocational Training and at the end of training they have to submit this report. All the images used in this report is orignal clicked at the substation . All the effort and work on this report is done by the student of BIT sindri Rahul kumar saw and prabhat Agarwal 5th Sem
Electricity and power consumption in india (1)Anirudh Sharma
The document discusses electricity generation and power development in India. It notes that India has seen rapid growth in electricity generation capacity over the last 20 years, but still faces shortages. The main sources of electricity in India are thermal, hydro, nuclear, solar, wind, biomass, geothermal, and tidal/wave power. States have varying levels of surplus or deficit in power availability.
about indian railway, history of indian railway, mechanical workshop, painting shop, welding shop, heat treatment shop, spring section, machine shop, inspection shop etc.
Similar to Growth of power sector in united provinces (undivided uttar pradesh) during the british rule issues and shortcomings (20)
Lithological Investigation at Tombia and Opolo Using Vertical Electrical Soun...IJLT EMAS
Vertical electrical soundings (VES) was carried out in Opolo and Tombia all in Yenagoa local government area, Bayelsa state, Nigeria to understand the resistivity distribution of its subsurface which serves as a tool in investigating subsurface lithology. All VES sounding were stacked together to generate 1D pseudo tomogram and was subsequently interpreted. The interpreted VES curve results shows that Opolo consists of three layers within the depth of investigation. Sandy clay with mixture of silt make up the first layer (Top layer) with resistance value ranging from 24-63Ωm. The second layer is made up of thick clay with very low resistivity values ranging from 3-19Ωm. The third layer is sandyclay with its resistance value ranging from 26-727Ωm.Tombia also reveals that the area is in three layers within the depth of investigation. Sandy clay with a mixture of fine sand made up the first layer (Top soil) with its resistance values ranging from 40-1194Ωm. The second layer is made up of fine sand with resistivity value ranging from 475-5285Ωm. The third layer is made up of sandy clay/sand with its resistance value ranging from 24-28943Ωm.The results of the 1D pseudo tomogram also reveals that Tombia and Opolo consists of three layers within the depth of investigation and pseudo tomograms serves as a basis tool for interpreting lithology and identifying lithological boundaries for the subsurface
Public Health Implications of Locally Femented Milk (Nono) and Antibiotic Sus...IJLT EMAS
The study is to determine the PH and moisture content
of Nono sold in Port Harcourt , the prevalence of Pseudomonas
aeruginosa in Fura da nono and finally the antibiotic resistance
pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from the fermented
products. nono samples were purchased from Borikiri in
portharcourt township. A total of 20 samples were assessed to
determine their microbiological quality and to conduct antibiotic
susceptibility test. Moisture content and pH of the samples were
also assessed. Enumeration of the total viable bacterial count
(TVBC), Total coliform count (TCC) and Total Pseudomonal
count (TPC) were also assessed to determine the sanitary quality
of the product. The PH ranges between 2.99 to 3.89 while the
moisture content ranges between 80% to 88%. The result
obtained from the microbial culture indicated that a wide array
of microorganism were present in Fura da nono including species
of Bacilu, klebsiella, Pseudomonas Staphylococcus aureus,
Streptococcus, Lactobacillus and Escherichia coli.. The highest
TVBC, TCC and TPC were 9.8x103
cfu/ml, 10x103
cfu/ml and
9.7x103
cfu/ml respectively. Antibiotic susceptibility was
conducted using 12 broad spectrum antibiotics and compared
against a standard provided by the Clinical laboratory standard
institute (CLSI). Gentamycin, Ofloxacin and Levofloxacin
recorded 100% resistance , while Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin,
Vancomycin, Nitrofurantoin, Norfloxacin and Azithromycin
recorded 100% susceptibility as indicated by the complete clear
zone of inhibition.It was discovered that the absence of
regulatory agencies like National Agency for Food Drug
Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in the regulation of the
quality of the product was the cause of the high contamination,
since there were no quality control measures in its production
line .It was recommended that NAFDAC should provide a
standard operating procedure for local food producers and
should include them in their scope for regulation.
Bioremediation Potentials of Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria Indigenous in the O...IJLT EMAS
Hydrocarbon pollution Remediation by Enhanced
Natural Attenuation method was adopted to remediate the
hydrocarbon impacted site in Ogoniland Rivers State, Nigeria .
The research lasted for 6 months. Samples were collected at
monthly intervals . samples were collected intermittently
between Feb 2019 to July 2019 . Mineral salt medium containing
crude oil was used as a sole source of carbon and energy for the
isolation of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria. Samples were
collected from the four (4) local government that made up
Ogoniland and they includes Khana(k), Gokana (G),Tai (T),
Eleme (E) and transported immediately to the laboratory for
analysis. The microbial and physicochemical properties of the
soil samples varied with the different local government areas.
Seven bacteria genera were isolated from the samples from the
four locations, viz, Pseudomonas, Lactobacter, Micrococcus,
Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Brevibacterium and Mycobacterium
were isolated and identified. the seven isolate were indigenous in
the study area. Nutrient were added to identified plots of
hydrocarbon pollution polluted site within the four local
government and they were able degrade hydrocarbon within a
short of period of time. Reassessment of physicochemical
parameter impacted site was used to judge the bioremediation
potentials of microorganism
Comparison of Concurrent Mobile OS CharacteristicsIJLT EMAS
It is challenging for the mobile industry to supply the best features of the devices with its increasing customer requirements. Among the progress of technologies, the mobile industry is the fastest growing; as it keeps pace with rapidly changing market demands. This paper compares between the currently available mobile devices based on its user interface, security, memory utilization, processor, and device architecture. The mobile products launched from 2015-19 are used for comparison. Current results after comparison with earlier study found that many mobile devices and features became obsolete in a short time span supporting the aggressive growth of mobile industry.
Design of Complex Adders and Parity Generators Using Reversible GatesIJLT EMAS
This paper shows efficient design of an odd and even parity generator, a 4-bit ripple carry adder, and a 2-bit carry look ahead adder using reversible gates. Number of reversible gates used, garbage output, and percentage usage of outputs in implementing each combinational circuit is derived. The CLA used 10 reversible gates with 14 garbage outputs, with 50% percentage performance usage.
Design of Multiplexers, Decoder and a Full Subtractor using Reversible GatesIJLT EMAS
This paper shows an effective design of combinational circuits such as 2:1, 4:1 multiplexers, 2:4 decoder and a full subtractor using reversible gates. This paper also evaluates number of reversible gates used and garbage outputs in implementing each combinational circuit.
Multistage Classification of Alzheimer’s DiseaseIJLT EMAS
Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia that destroys
memory and other mental functions. During the progression of
the disease certain proteins called plaques and tangles get
deposited in hippocampus which is located in the temporal lobe
of brain. The disease is not a normal part of aging and gets
worsen over time. Medical imaging techniques like Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT) and
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) play significant role in the
disease diagnosis. In this paper, we propose a method for
classifying MRI into Normal Control (NC), Mild Cognitive
Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer’s Disease(AD). An overall
outline of the methodology includes textural feature extraction,
feature reduction process and classification of the images into
various stages. Classification has been performed with three
classifiers namely Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial
Neural Network (ANN) and k-Nearest Neighbours (k-NN)
Design and Analysis of Disc Brake for Low Brake SquealIJLT EMAS
Vibration induced due to friction in disc brake is a
theme of major interest and related to the automotive industry.
Squeal noise generated during braking action is an indication of
a complicated dynamic problem which automobile industries
have faced for decades. For the current study, disc brake of 150
cc is considered. Vibration and sound level for different speed
are measured. Finite element and experimentation for modal
analysis of different element of disc brake and assembly are
carried out. In order to check that precision of the finite element
with those of experimentation, two stages are used both
component level and assembly level. Mesh sensitivity of the disc
brake component is considered. FE updating is utilized to reduce
the relative errors between the two measurements by tuning the
material. Different viscoelastic materials are selected and
constrained layer damping is designed. Constrained layer
damping applied on the back side of friction pads and compared
vibration and sound level of disc brake assembly without
constrained layer damping with disc brake assembly having
constrained layer. It was observed that there were reduction in
vibration and sound level. Nitrile rubber is most effective
material for constrained layer damping.
The aim of this article is to device strategies for
establishing and managing tomato processing industry, which
aims to enhance the taste experiences on different tomato
products for the people. Management needed for a successful
business is analyzed in each and every aspect. The five important
steps in management- planning, organizing, staffing, leading and
controlling are applied in management of the industry. Planning-
In the planning process, activities required to achieve desired
goals are thought about. This process involves the creation and
maintenance of a plan, those include psychological aspects that
require conceptual skills. Organizing- Organizing is a systematic
processing in order to attain objectives of structuring,
integrating, co-ordinating task, and activities. Staffing- Staffing is
the process of acquiring, deploying, and retaining a workforce of
sufficient quantity and quality to create positive impacts on the
organization’s effectiveness. Leading- Communicating,
motivating, inspiring and encouraging employees are key aspects
of process of leading, task of which is towards a higher level of
productivity of organization. Controlling- Controlling measures
the deviation of actual performance from the standard
performance, discovers the causes of such deviations and helps in
taking corrective actions.
This paper deals with the functioning of a Propylene
Recovery Unit (PRU) in a chemical industry and the various
Managerial and Human Resource considerations that need to be
accounted for, in this process. This report discusses various
aspects that are to be considered, before initializing the setup of
PRU, ranging from a Management perspective. Mission and
objective was decided and subsequently the managerial model
was developed. Propylene is an indispensible raw material that
has a variety of end use. A detailed analysis pertaining to
propylene demand in the market along with major sources has
been incorporated in this paper. Emphasis has been placed on
the type of departmentation required. Managerial aspects of
various functions ranging from warehousing to quality control
have also been taken into consideration. Delegations of functional
departments have been defined to prevent redundancy of duties
and major managerial functions of Planning, Organizing,
Staffing, Leading and Controlling has also been discussed.
Internal and External factors that affect the company have been
analyzed through SWOT Analysis and MBO strategies are also
broadly classified. Finally, Total Quality Management and
strategies for adoption of Lean Manufacturing as also touched
upon briefly.
This business model is intended to provide an online
platform connecting the general public customers with the
producers of groceries and food products such as fruits,
vegetables, meat and dairy products. The producers are selected
based on their production methods and their quality. The model
obtains the demand from the customers and the supply is found
from the producers. The prices of the products are fixed
according to the supply and demand. The customers' orders can
be classified into two different categories: 1. Bulk orders and 2.
Recipe based. The orders are obtained in a bulk quantity or for a
certain period of time and the products are delivered
periodically as per the customer's need. This model eliminates
the requirements of conventional storage units and also controls
the quality of the products using scientific devices. This model
reduces the wastage of resources as it enables the customer to
estimate their requirements using the help of recipe based
ordering system and also keeps the price constant for the bulk
orders.
Home textile exports are market driven, which implies that they deal with what the foreign market wants and how the home textile exporter could fulfil it, or product driven, where they deal with what the exporter has to offer and how can an appropriate strategy be applied to find the targeted buyers in the foreign market. The requisites of these are that the exporter must know the export plan, production procedure and export documentations. Exporter also must know his/her operational capacity, organizational nature and structure. An attempt is made in this project to understand and examine the nature and structure of the organization of the S3P exports.
Almost 80% of the population are coffee lovers.
Kaffinite sunshine café is guaranteed to become the daily
necessity for all the coffee addicts. A place with good ambience
where people can escape from their daily stress and cherish with
a morning cup of coffee. Our café offers home style delicious
breakfast and snacks. We focus on finding the most aromatic
and exotic coffee beans. We have our branches in many cities of
Tamil Nadu. We have a romantic ambience which attracts youth.
Our café has spectacular interior designs with stupendous taste
of coffee. We have attached our menu which contains multicuisines
at attractive prices. In this paper, we have done SWOT
analysis of our café to know our strengths and weaknesses. We
have also analyzed our opportunities and threats from the
external environment
Management of a Paper Manufacturing IndustryIJLT EMAS
This project focuses on how a paper manufacturing industry looks like and how it operates. For better understanding purpose, we have taken a hypothetical situation here. We have discussed on various factors that are to be considered before constructing a plant. For example, what kind of proprietorship is suitable for this case? We have developed a SWOT Analysis for the plant, thinking about the pros and cons. This project can be a guide for a person who is willing to start up a new manufacturing plant. This report can be used to streamline your approach to planning by outlining the responsibilities of plant managers and external factors, as well as identifying appropriate resources to assist you with the construction of plant.
Application of Big Data Systems to Airline ManagementIJLT EMAS
The business world is in the midst of the next
revolution following the IT revolution – the Big Data revolution.
The sheer volume of data produced is a major reason for the big
data revolution. Aviation and aerospace are typical areas that
can apply big data systems due to the scale of data produced, not
only by the plane sensors and passengers, but also by the
prospective passengers. Data that need to be considered include,
but are not limited to, aircraft sensor data, passenger data,
weather data, aircraft maintenance data and air traffic data.
This paper aims at identifying areas in aviation where big data
systems can be utilized to enhance operational performances
improve customer relations and thereby aiding the ultimate goal
of increased profits at reduced costs. An improved management
model built on a strong big data infrastructure will reduce
operation costs, improve safety, bring down the cost and time
spent on maintenance and drastically improve customer
relations.
Impact of Organisational behaviour and HR Practices on Employee Retention in ...IJLT EMAS
I. INTRODUCTION
Roads are constituted as the most significant component of
India‟s Logistics Industry, accounting for 60 percent of
the total freight movement in the country. A majority of
players in this industry are small entrepreneurs running their
family businesses. As a result, Man Power Development
Investments that pay off in the longer term, have been
minimised respectively. Moreover, these businesses are
typically controlled severely by the proprietor and his / her
family and consequently, making it unattractive for the
professionals. Poor working conditions, Low pay scales
relative to alternate careers, poor or non-existent Manpower
Policies and prevalence of unscrupulous practices have added
to the segment's woes for seeking employment. Thus, it could
be rightly stated that the Transportation, Logistics,
Warehousing and Packaging Sector is considered an
unattractive career option and fails to attract and retain skilled
manpower. Many Organizations have failed to recognize that
Human Resources play an important role in gaining an
immense advantage in today‟s highly competitive Global
Business Environment. While all aspects of managing Human
Resources is important, Employee Retention continues to be
an essential part of Human Resource Management activity
that help the Organizations to achieve their goals and
objectives.
Sustainable Methods used to reduce the Energy Consumption by Various Faciliti...IJLT EMAS
The purpose of this article is to identify the energy
challenges faced by airports especially with regards to the energy
consumed by the terminal building and suggest suitable energy
conservation techniques based on what has already been
implemented in few airports around the world.
We have identified the various facilities and systems which are
responsible for a major share of the consumption of energy by
airport terminals and we have suggested measures to effectively
overcome these problems.
Cake Walk is India's largest confectionery manufacturer known for innovative candy products. It aims to expand globally while contributing positively through social initiatives. The document discusses Cake Walk's vision, products, marketing environment analysis including PESTEL, SWOT and competitive strategies. Market research methods like blind testing and surveys are used to develop new products and improve existing ones. Cake Walk targets a wide customer segment with its diverse product range and strong brand image.
This document discusses the planning and organization of a tours and travel company called MACH Tours and Travels. It begins by outlining their mission and vision, which is to provide enjoyable and memorable experiences for customers by focusing on ease, luxury, quality time, and value. It then provides details on their planning process, including developing customized packages to meet different customer needs. It also discusses their application of Henri Fayol's management principles and considers decision making, risk management, organizational structure, and the business environment factors affecting the tourism industry.
The purpose of this paper is to highlight the general
terms and definitions that falls under the ‘common set’ in the
intersection of the sets Meteorology and Aerospace Engineering.
It begins with the universal explanations for the meteorological
phenomena under the ‘common set’ followed by the
categorization of clouds and their influences on the aerial
vehicles, the instrumentation used in Aeronautics to determine
the required Meteorological quantities, factors affecting aviation,
effects of aviation on the clouds, and the corresponding protocols
involved in deciphering the ‘common set’ elements.
It also talks about the relation between airport construction and
Geology prior to concluding with the uses and successes of
Meteorology in the field of Aerospace.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
A Free 200-Page eBook ~ Brain and Mind Exercise.pptxOH TEIK BIN
(A Free eBook comprising 3 Sets of Presentation of a selection of Puzzles, Brain Teasers and Thinking Problems to exercise both the mind and the Right and Left Brain. To help keep the mind and brain fit and healthy. Good for both the young and old alike.
Answers are given for all the puzzles and problems.)
With Metta,
Bro. Oh Teik Bin 🙏🤓🤔🥰
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...
Growth of power sector in united provinces (undivided uttar pradesh) during the british rule issues and shortcomings
1. Volume IV, Issue X, October 2015 IJLTEMAS ISSN 2278 - 2540
www.ijltemas.in Page 12
Growth of Power Sector in United Provinces
(Undivided Uttar Pradesh) during the British rule-
Issues and Shortcomings
B.B.Bandyopadhyay 1
, Arundhatee Deb2
, Dr. Roumi Deb3
AMITY University, Noida (UP) 1,2,3
Abstract - Electricity which forms the life blood of any industry
was introduced in the then United Province (U.P.) quite late. A
plant having a capacity of 855 KW was setup and made
operational in Kanpur on December 23, 1906. This was the first
power plant established in the United Provinces. But this sector
witnessed a very slow progress in the Province and till 1926-27
only nine towns could be energised. But the British for running
their own establishments in India needed supply of electricity.
The growth and development in this sector witnessed two
distinct phases between 1906-27 and 1928-1947. In the first
phase coal based thermal power stations were established and
secondly after the digging of the Ganga canals switching over to
the generation hydro electricity became possible along the banks
of the river Ganga and Yamuna. The motive behind
establishment of these power stations was not general public
welfare. Low potential supply with limited coverage area left the
state power starved till the Independence of India in 1947.
Key Words - Hydro electricity, Ganga Canal Hydro Electric Grid,
Steam Power Houses, KW, Electricity Act, Electricity Act, Electric
Inspectors.
I. INTRODUCTION
he technological revolution which took place in the west
during the 18th
and the 19th
century has brought electricity
to the forefront. Production of electricity on a large scale
became possible with the development of electro-mechanical
devices like generators and transformers, turbines etc.
Distribution lines were erected and dream of lighting home
became a reality.
Six years after electricity was introduced in the USA and UK,
in India it was in 1899 generation of power and distribution
for the first time begun in Calcutta. Calcutta Electricity
Supply Company (CESC- Originally known as Kilburn & Co)
became pioneer in bringing electricity to Calcutta. The
company obtained a license on January 7, 1897 to supply
electricity in the city of Calcutta. Hydro-electricity generation
become possible in next year when hydro based power plants
were established in 1898 at Darjeeling and in 1902 at Shimsha
in Karnatka . These two were first Asiatic plants of this type.
Likewise the Railways, the British Indian administration left
the task of generation and distribution of electricity in India in
the hands of the private agencies. In Uttar Pradesh electricity
was introduced quite late. It was late in 1903 licenses were
grated for the generation and supply of electricity under the
Electricity Act of 1903(Majumdar,1986). A plant having a
capacity of 855 KW was setup and made operational in
Kanpur on December 23, 1906. This was the first power plant
established in the United Provinces. But this sector witnessed
a very slow progress and till 1926-27 only nine towns could be
energised.
TABLE I
FIRST SET OF PLANTS AND THEIR NOMINAL CAPACITIES
Towns Capacity Date of
Commission
Plant Capacity
added
Kanpur 855 KW 23.12.1906 18000 KW
Lucknow 250 KW 30.9.1917 1730 KW
Allahabad 250 KW 30.9.1917 1410 KW
Agra 645 KW May 1925 955 KW
Saharanpur 133*2 KW June 1926 266 KW
Haridwar - Dec 1926 Supply from
Bhadrabad
Musourie
and
Dehradun
450 KW May 1909 1650 KW
+150 KW
reserve
Nainital 450 KW 8.8.1922 450 KW
First phase which ran between 1906 to 1927 thus had a modest
beginning with coverage of 9 towns with no consumer supply
system. Till this time it was primarily coal based thermal
power which was costly and severely conditioned the rural
extensions for agriculture and industrial purposes. U.P. was
handicapped by lack of coal resources and all the coal
requirements for its power stations have been met by the
Bengal and Bihar collieries involving haulage of coal over 600
miles. On the other hand, U.P. is rich economic and attractive
hydro potential which in the future will bring in rapid and all
round economic development of the state.(Techno Economic
Survey of U.P..1965)
T
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II. DEVELOPMENT GANGA CANAL HYDRO ELECTRIC
GRID
By 1928-29 a definitive change was witnessed in the British
policies towards electricity generation and its distribution.
Musourie, Dehradun and Haridwar were already fed with
hydro electricity. By 1929 the Government decided to extend
supply to smaller towns with population base of 5000 and
above. It resulted in the development of Ganga Grid. 7 falls
were constructed between Haridwar and Aligarh in the Upper
Ganga Canal for this purpose. The towns which became
electrified were Muzffarnagar, Meerut, Saharanpur, Aligarh
and Bulandshar. Projects in Kalindi and Sumera, Paltro and
Bhola(Bhila) were undertaken where pumping stations and
feeders were constructed to connect the Ganga Canal. Two
bays of the fall at Bhola were constructed with draft tubes and
a power station. By 1930 the Ganga Canal Grid was
completed with 59 transformer stations. 85 towns and villages
were targeted to be brought under this grid system. Few
factories and irrigation pumps were added as consumers.
A. Laying of Transmission Lines and Construction of Sub
Stations
TABLE II
TRANSMISSION LINES LAID UNDER GANGA CANAL HYDRO GRID
From - To Miles covered Capacity of the
line
Bhloa(Bhila) to Dasna
Dasna to Ghaziabad
Dasna to Moradabad
Bhola to Meerut
840 miles 66 KW
Bhadrabad to Bhola 80 miles 66KW
Chandausi and around 56.5 miles 37 KW
Rural branch lines 168 miles -
Salawa to Chitura 17 miles 66 KW
Bilari to Moradabad 14 miles 37 KW
Chandausi to Badaun 43 miles 44 KW
Anola to Badaun - 66KW
Sumera to Chandausi 56 miles -
Nagina to Saharanpur - 37 KW
Salwa to Sumera 97 miles 97 KW
Chitura to Nirgajni 1060 miles 66 KW
Rural branch lines 965 miles
95 miles
11000 volts
Low tension lines
Ram Ganga scheme 72 miles -
On completion of the scheme by March, 1939 industrial
load increased by 65%.Rural lines increased from 138 to
168 miles and load increased from 1367 HP to 2960 HP.
But heavy monsoon and war time situation hampered the
growth in this sector further.
TABLE III
PLANT CAPACITY AND INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY BY 1939-40
Scheme Produced electricity Industrial supply
Ganga Canal Hydro
Electricity
28900 KW ( from 7
falls)
9000 KW from
Chandausi steam station
1000 KW from oil
engines at different
locations
10712 KW to small
industrial units in 88
urban centers
Sohwal Govt.
Thermal Station
2*1250 KW 3000 KW
B. Grid failure and Trouble with Chandausi Steam Station
Total capacity of Chandausi steam station was 9000 KW but
during monsoon of 1939 Ganga Canal had to be closed. Hence
load increased in Chandausi. The station actually produced
6000 KW with standby of 3000 KW. With peak load the
station had to work overtime with standby capacity. It proved
dangerous with little dislocation. Besides, Chandausi was
situated far off from places like Muzffarnagar and Saharanpur
and hence transmission to those places resulted in low voltage
problem. To combat these problems additional turbines with
6000 KW capacity had to be installed and a new substation at
Dasna had to be built.
During the war years between 1940-46 additional power
houses were built at Moradabad with the capacity of 1200
KW, Harduaganj (Aligarh) 9800 KW and Mohammadpur
Asaf Nagar 9300KW. But civil restriction on imposed on
consumption of electricity and supply was predominantly
diverted to factories dealing with the production of war
materials.
III. NEGLECTED EASTERN PART OF THE STATE
It is interesting to note that electricity was first developed in
the west and north western part of U.P. So long eastern U.P
was totally neglected more likely due to plain terrain of the
territory where no fall could be constructed along the Ganges
or no industrial potential was found. Till 1946 no civil
population were given electricity connection in this part of the
state. Thus post war reconstruction showed some impact in
this part of the state.
TABLE IV
NEW PROJECTS DEVELOPED EASTERN PART OF THE STATE
Project Situated at Capacity Beneficiary
Sarda
Hydro
Power
Khatima
(Banbasa)
22000 KW firm+
20000 secondary
from June to
November,
Capacity of
Kanpur Electric
plant was
increased by
15000 additional
KW to revamp
Sarda project
Nainital, Bareilly, Kheri,
Sahajahanpur, Rampur
Nayar
Dam
On Nayar
River
46000 KW
+70000 KW
Garhwal,
Dehradun, towns covered
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Scheme during lean period by Sarda project
Rihand
Dam
Scheme
On River
Sone at
Mirzapur
15000 KW Eastern and southern
districts of U.P. and part
of Bihar.
Sahganj
Pilot
Scheme
Jaunpur 12000KW steam
power
Gorakhpur
Azamgarh.Faizabad,
Sultanpur,Ballia,
Gazipur
Patheri
Project
Patheri at
Ranipur
20000 KW Added to Ganga Canal
Hydel Grid
IV. OVERALL POWER SCENARIO
At the time of the independence of India in 1947 the main
source of electric power in U.P. was Ganga Hydro Electric
Grid.
TABLE V
OVERALL SCENARIO OF LOAD, DEMAND, SALES AND CONSUMPTION
Scheme
s
Connected
load (KW)
Maximum
demand
(KW)
KW hour
generate
(million
hours)
KW
hour
sold
(million
hours)
Consum
ption
Ganga
Canal
Grid
49870000 32900000 160.6 126.6
Irrigatio
n-
51.2%
Industri
al 30%
Light
fan
municip
al
18.8%
Govt.
Steam
station
(Sohwal
)
1944361 1200 4.3 3.9
Irrigatio
n
67.79%
Others(
water
supply,
MES)
32.21%
A. Issues involved
The government policy regulated grant procedures,
execution of works, making supplies of energy and
balancing relations between the consumer and
licenses(Bharucha,N,1948)
Reorganisation and regulation to meet the growing
demand was not seriously attempted.
Like Railways the British Government left the task of
developing this vital sector in the private hands.
Generation and distribution of electricity was given in the
hands of the private agencies while retaining planning,
monitoring and control in its hands through the electric
inspectors.
Local authorities were not given autonomy and they had
to look towards centre for sanctioning of plans.( Indian
Electricity Act,1910).
Local authorities were only entrusted to issuing of
licenses for supply of electricity and installation of
transmission lines. Even in matters of supply the centre
retained its statutory control. Head of the Public Works
Department, Chief Engineer, was made in charge of the
department.
Coal supply was not available in the state and it had to
depend on supplies from Bengal and Bihar Collieries
around 600 miles away.
Eastern part of the state was utterly neglected and
distribution net work was unequal.
B. Role of the Inspectors:
Electrical inspectors were appointed under section 56 of
the Act of 1910(Majumdar. S, 1986) and were entrusted
with the job of
Prepare and execute all works, minor and major,
Inspect and test all installations
Maintain all installations under the Public Works
Department,
Inspection of all licensed power plants at least once in a
year
Settling disputes between the consumer and the license.
Inspectors control and day to day interferences resulted in
failure of the agencies to carry out the sanctioned schemes
with in time. Tenders were floated by the Municipal
authorities of Lucknow, Allahabad and Bareilly to invite
venture capitalists to take licenses but attempts failed to
bring out any response. Hence the central government had
to start negotiation with the tendering companies directly
to ensure the works of energizing these townships. These
inspectors and thereby the Government was not interested
in supplying electricity to the general benefit of the
residents but for the government buildings and installations
e.g, Lucknow medical college, Canning college, Judicial
Commissioner’s residence and new post office at Agra.
Public supply was available in Musorie in a small way
with extra load for Dehradun to energise the aerial rope
way. It is strange to know that the Secretary of State
himself had to give special permission for supply of
electricity to Kanpur Memorial Church for light and fans
only in the year 1914-15.
B. Demographic Impact
The impact of mercantile economy was so profound that
due to less or no encouragement of the nascent indigenous
industries this sector witnessed continual decadence. While
the population grew to the tune of 31% from 1911 to 1951,
the growth of employment generated decreased from
6.36% to 3.47%. It is largely due to no energy supply to
the small and cottage industries or to the industries
engaged other than manufacture of war materials.
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TABLE VI
CENSUS POPULATION AND WORKERS ENGAGED IN PRODUCTIONS
Year Total Population of UP
according to Census
Total No. of Workers engaged in
Production
1911 48014080 3055853
1921 46510668 2658501
1931 49614833 2604998
1951 63215742 2192832
Fig. 1 Graphical representation of employment generated in industries
Fig is a graphical representation of Census data ranging
between 1911 to 1951 and the corresponding numbers of
workers engaged in production (other than agriculture). It is
evident from the graph above that the ratio at which
population increased between 1911 to 1951 had a very
unmatched relation to the ratio of employment generated and
thereby dis-industrialization. The British policies led to
consistent drain of wealth from India to their England leading
to decrease in India’s International trade balance from 23%
when they came to India to a mere 4% when they left.
V. CONCLUSION
To sum up, electricity forms an integral part of life today. But
development of this technology in erstwhile United Provinces
and now Uttar Pradesh was not steady one. If we take case of
Kolkata when electricity was introduced in 1889, not before
1906 a 855 KW power station could be established in Kanpur.
Upto 1926 only 9 cities were energised. No attention was paid
towards development of hydro electricity in the state until the
Ganga Canal was made operational. The work of establishing
power stations for generation of electricity, its transmission
and distribution was left to the private hands. Most of the time
the private developers failed to achieves their target as
installation were too expensive and often external
developments like war situation, monsoon and heavy rainfall
besides day to day interference of the electrical inspectors
slowed down the progress. More interesting was the fact,
whatever growth was made was limited to the districts of
western Uttar Pradesh and very little was done to cater the
need of eastern districts. It was only with the development of
Sharda Hydro Electric Project, Rihand Dam Project, Nayar
Dam Project, Shahganj and Pathri Projects towards the end of
the British rule that some care was taken for the so long
neglected eastern parts of the state.
REFRENCES
[1]. Majumdar,S (1986). The Indian Electricity manual, P.68
[2]. Bharucha, Naushin (1948). The Electricity (Supply), Act no. 54 of
Bombay,1961, P. 1
[3]. Techno Economic Survey Report of Uttar Pradesh (1965), P. 147-
48.
[4]. Saini Santosh Kumar (2011), The Rihand Dam: A Historical Study
published in the Indian Journal of Research 5,39-44. Advanced
Access Publication, 31 October, 2010
[5]. www.uttarakhandjalvidyut.com/cms_ujvn1/pathri.php
[6]. Power Sector Reforms – Indian Experience and Global Trends,
Economic and Political weekly, March 18, 2000. P. 1024-28
0
10000000
20000000
30000000
40000000
50000000
60000000
70000000
1911 1921 1931 1951
Total
Population of
UP according
to Census
Total No. of
Workers
engaged in
Prouction