The document discusses the three captive power plants owned and operated by BALCO (Bharat Aluminium Company) in Korba, India. BALCO operates three thermal power plants with a total capacity of 2,540 MW fueled by coal from local mines. The power plants supply electricity to BALCO's aluminum smelting facilities. BALCO also operates two aluminum smelting potlines using prebake anode technology with a total capacity of 570,000 tonnes per year.
The document is an internship report submitted by Aditya Aryan about his four-week internship at the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) power plant in Chennai, India. It provides an overview of NTPC, describes the key components and operations of a thermal power plant including the boiler, turbine, generator and cooling towers. It also includes figures and diagrams to illustrate the power plant layout and components. The report aims to document Aditya's experience and learnings during his internship at the NTPC power plant.
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is an Indian state-owned power equipment manufacturing company. It has a 59% market share in India's power generation and supplies equipment for power, transmission, industry, transportation and renewable energy sectors. BHEL operates 15 manufacturing divisions and has installed over 90,000 MW of power generation capacity in India. The presentation provides an overview of BHEL's facilities and products, describes key components of thermal power plants like turbines, boilers and condensers, and discusses the operation and efficiency of thermal power plants.
This industrial training report summarizes Deepak Kr Singh's one month internship at the Singrauli Super Thermal Power Plant in Shaktinagar, India. The report includes details of the power plant such as its seven units with a total capacity of 2,000 MW. It also covers various topics related to thermal power generation including the workings of boilers, turbines, generators, and switchgear. Deepak conducted his training under the supervision of his training incharge Mr. CH Satynarayan, during which he gained knowledge and experience in the electrical engineering aspects of thermal power generation.
The document provides information about Emam Raza's summer training experience at the National Thermal Power Plant in Dadri, India. It discusses the key aspects of the power plant including its capacity of 2642 MW from thermal, gas, and solar sources. It describes the basic processes involved in electricity generation from coal including the coal handling system, boiler, turbine, condenser, and other important equipment. The document also provides details about NTPC as a company, the transportation and characteristics of coal used at the plant, working of various sections, and uses of coal ash.
This document provides an overview of the National Thermal Power Plant in Kahalgaon, Bihar, India. It discusses that NTPC Kahalgaon has an installed capacity of 2340 MW and is fueled by coal sourced from nearby mines. The document outlines the key areas and systems within the plant including the coal handling plant, boiler and its auxiliaries, turbine auxiliaries, generator and switchyard. It also provides background on NTPC as the largest power company in India and describes the general layout of a thermal power plant's four main circuits for coal/ash, air/gas, feedwater/steam, and cooling water.
This PPT contains introduction and types of thermal power plants, WORKING PRINCIPLE, LAYOUT AND WORKING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, WORKING PRINCIPLE OF COAL BASED POWER PLANT, SITE SELECTION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT,GENERAL LAYOUT AND WORKING OF COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT, PRESENT STATUS OF COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT, WASTE GENERATED IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS AND MANAGEMENT , TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE GENERATED IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS.
The document provides an overview of the coal handling plant (CHP) at Anpara Thermal Power Station in Uttar Pradesh, India. It discusses the basic processes in a CHP, including receiving coal via rail or conveyor, crushing the coal, transporting it to bunkers via conveyor belts and trippers, and storing excess coal via stacking and reclaiming. The CHP handles coal from receipt to transporting it to boilers and bunkers. It also processes raw coal to the required size for boiler operations. The CHP faces various challenges like design issues due to lower quality coal, problems during monsoon season, and mechanical failures of equipment.
The document discusses the three captive power plants owned and operated by BALCO (Bharat Aluminium Company) in Korba, India. BALCO operates three thermal power plants with a total capacity of 2,540 MW fueled by coal from local mines. The power plants supply electricity to BALCO's aluminum smelting facilities. BALCO also operates two aluminum smelting potlines using prebake anode technology with a total capacity of 570,000 tonnes per year.
The document is an internship report submitted by Aditya Aryan about his four-week internship at the National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) power plant in Chennai, India. It provides an overview of NTPC, describes the key components and operations of a thermal power plant including the boiler, turbine, generator and cooling towers. It also includes figures and diagrams to illustrate the power plant layout and components. The report aims to document Aditya's experience and learnings during his internship at the NTPC power plant.
Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL) is an Indian state-owned power equipment manufacturing company. It has a 59% market share in India's power generation and supplies equipment for power, transmission, industry, transportation and renewable energy sectors. BHEL operates 15 manufacturing divisions and has installed over 90,000 MW of power generation capacity in India. The presentation provides an overview of BHEL's facilities and products, describes key components of thermal power plants like turbines, boilers and condensers, and discusses the operation and efficiency of thermal power plants.
This industrial training report summarizes Deepak Kr Singh's one month internship at the Singrauli Super Thermal Power Plant in Shaktinagar, India. The report includes details of the power plant such as its seven units with a total capacity of 2,000 MW. It also covers various topics related to thermal power generation including the workings of boilers, turbines, generators, and switchgear. Deepak conducted his training under the supervision of his training incharge Mr. CH Satynarayan, during which he gained knowledge and experience in the electrical engineering aspects of thermal power generation.
The document provides information about Emam Raza's summer training experience at the National Thermal Power Plant in Dadri, India. It discusses the key aspects of the power plant including its capacity of 2642 MW from thermal, gas, and solar sources. It describes the basic processes involved in electricity generation from coal including the coal handling system, boiler, turbine, condenser, and other important equipment. The document also provides details about NTPC as a company, the transportation and characteristics of coal used at the plant, working of various sections, and uses of coal ash.
This document provides an overview of the National Thermal Power Plant in Kahalgaon, Bihar, India. It discusses that NTPC Kahalgaon has an installed capacity of 2340 MW and is fueled by coal sourced from nearby mines. The document outlines the key areas and systems within the plant including the coal handling plant, boiler and its auxiliaries, turbine auxiliaries, generator and switchyard. It also provides background on NTPC as the largest power company in India and describes the general layout of a thermal power plant's four main circuits for coal/ash, air/gas, feedwater/steam, and cooling water.
This PPT contains introduction and types of thermal power plants, WORKING PRINCIPLE, LAYOUT AND WORKING OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, WORKING PRINCIPLE OF COAL BASED POWER PLANT, SITE SELECTION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT,GENERAL LAYOUT AND WORKING OF COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT, PRESENT STATUS OF COAL-FIRED THERMAL POWER PLANT, WASTE GENERATED IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS AND MANAGEMENT , TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE GENERATED IN THERMAL POWER PLANTS.
The document provides an overview of the coal handling plant (CHP) at Anpara Thermal Power Station in Uttar Pradesh, India. It discusses the basic processes in a CHP, including receiving coal via rail or conveyor, crushing the coal, transporting it to bunkers via conveyor belts and trippers, and storing excess coal via stacking and reclaiming. The CHP handles coal from receipt to transporting it to boilers and bunkers. It also processes raw coal to the required size for boiler operations. The CHP faces various challenges like design issues due to lower quality coal, problems during monsoon season, and mechanical failures of equipment.
The document discusses condensers used in thermal power plants. It describes the functions of a condenser as condensing exhaust steam from turbines to be reused in the steam cycle, creating a vacuum to improve turbine efficiency, and removing non-condensable gases. Key aspects covered include the condenser's role in the Rankine cycle, operation, materials used for tubes, sources of air leakage, methods for detecting water leakage into tubes, and cleaning and testing of condenser tubes.
FEROZE GANDHI UNCHAHAR THERMAL POWER PLANT(NTPC UNCHAHAR) SUMMER TRAINING Om Prakash
This document provides an overview of the vocational training program at the NTPC Unchahar thermal power plant in Raebareli, India. It discusses the plant's operations, including its main departments like the coal handling plant, boiler, turbines, generator, condenser, cooling tower, and ash handling plant. It also describes the sources of coal and water, and lists some advantages and disadvantages of thermal power plants. The presentation was given by Om Prakash, an electrical engineering student, under the guidance of his professor Nitish Kumar Yadav.
The presentation gives a basic idea of cooling towers in big industries including the Power Plants. The performance of cooling towers and the commonenly used terms with reference to the cooling towers are also discussed at length. Care to be taken while in freezing temperatures in the European countries is also discussed.
Project Report on Industrial Summer Training at NTPC SimhadriAshish Uppu
The following pdf is a Project Report about my Industrial Training at NTPC Limited Simhadri, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. It includes all the fundamentals of a Thermal Power Plant: its layout, various departments, principal components etc. It also contains a brief profile about the company.
The document discusses steam power plants and their components. It begins with classifying power plants based on the energy source used to generate electricity. It then describes the basic working of a steam power plant using the Rankine cycle to convert heat from fuel combustion into mechanical energy via steam turbines. The major components of a modern steam power plant are identified including the boiler, turbine, condenser, and generator. The document further discusses the layout and circuits involved in steam power plants, with a focus on coal handling and combustion systems. Different types of stokers and their working mechanisms are explained.
Thermal power plants rely heavily on coal as their primary fuel source. Coal handling involves transporting coal from mines to the plant via waterways, rail, road, ropeways or pipelines. At the plant, coal is unloaded and stored either outdoors in piles or heaps, underwater, or in live storage bunkers. Effective coal storage aims to prevent self-ignition through compacting piles and sealing layers to restrict air flow, while live storage supplies coal directly to combustion without mobile equipment. Proper coal handling and storage is critical to ensuring reliable fuel supply for thermal power generation.
This document provides information about diesel power plants. It begins with an introduction that explains diesel power plants use diesel engines connected to alternators to convert the chemical energy of diesel fuel into mechanical energy and then electrical energy.
It then lists and describes the essential elements of a diesel power plant, such as the diesel engine, generator, exciter, air and fuel filters, and lubrication systems. Diagrams of a typical diesel power plant layout and the workings of 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel engines are also included.
The document compares internal combustion engines like diesel engines to external combustion engines like steam engines. It discusses applications of diesel power plants such as for peak loads and emergencies. Advantages, disadvantages,
This training report summarizes Pratik Gupta's vocational training at the SIPAT Super Thermal Power Project. It provides details on the production of electricity at a thermal power plant. Coal is ground and blown into boilers where it burns, heating water in tubes to produce high pressure steam. The steam powers turbines connected to generators, producing electricity. The steam is then condensed back into water in condensers to be reused in the cycle. The report outlines the key components and processes involved in electricity generation at a coal-fired thermal power station.
Summer Training Report On Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.Nitin Kumar Verma
This document is a vocational training report submitted by Nitin Kumar after completing an industrial training program at Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. in Vadodara, India from June 12 to July 22, 2017 to fulfill the requirements of a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. The report provides an overview of the training experience and focuses on basic mechanical components and mechanical maintenance observed in various departments including a motor spirit quality upgradation unit, delayed coker unit, thermal power station, cogeneration plant, and atmospheric unit. Key areas discussed include centrifugal pumps, net positive suction head, cavitation, screw pumps, pump selection and problems, vibration, valves, heat exchangers, and compressors.
This document is a summer training project report submitted by Emam Raza, a student of mechanical engineering at KIET School of Engineering & Technology. The report details Raza's training at the NTPC Dadri power plant. It includes declarations by Raza, acknowledgements of those who assisted him, and sections on India's power sector, the National Thermal Power Corporation, and details about the NTPC Dadri plant such as its location, capacity, layout, and descriptions of the coal handling plant and mill sub-systems.
This document provides an overview of the Kota Super Thermal Power Plant located on the left bank of the Chambal River in India. It has a total generation capacity of 1240MW produced across 6 units. The plant uses coal as its fuel, which is supplied via rail from nearby mines. The coal handling plant is described as the "heart" of the thermal power plant. It unloads coal from trains, crushes it to 20mm size, conveys it using belt conveyors and feeders, and stores it until it is used as fuel in the plant's boilers.
The document summarizes the working principles and components of a gas turbine power plant. It discusses that air is compressed in a compressor then mixed with fuel and ignited in the combustion chamber. The hot gases spin the turbine which powers the compressor and generator. The main components are the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine. The compressed air and fuel burn in the combustion chamber and the hot gases power the high pressure turbine which drives the compressor, and the low pressure turbine which powers the generator. About 66% of the power is used to run the compressor and 34% generates electricity.
500 MW synchronous generator rotor construction reportSumit Singh
This industrial training report summarizes the student's training on the manufacturing process of a 500MW turbo rotor at BHEL Haridwar. It discusses the technical details of the rotor, including its material requirements, cooling system, and manufacturing process for the rotor bars. Key steps include marking coils, drilling cooling holes, assembling coils in the rotor slots, connecting them electrically, and testing the completed rotor through high voltage tests and impedance tests. The report provides insights into the various production departments involved and quality checks conducted to manufacture a large turbo rotor reliably and efficiently.
This document discusses coal handling plants (CHPs) at thermal power stations. It begins with an introduction to coal and its uses. It then discusses the objectives and general layout of a CHP, including receiving coal via various transportation methods, temporary coal storage, crushing equipment, conveying systems, and auxiliary equipment. Specific equipment like wagon tipplers, conveyor belts, crushers, and feeders are explained. The document concludes with discussing coal analysis, maintenance needs of a CHP, and references.
VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT ON NTPC KORBAVIKASH BAGHEL
The document provides details about Vikash Baghel's vocational training report on thermal power plants at NTPC Korba in Chhattisgarh, India. It discusses the key components and processes of a thermal power plant including the coal handling plant, main plant components like the boiler, turbine and generator, the basic power plant cycle, and safety aspects. NTPC Korba has an installed capacity of 2600MW and uses coal sourced from local mines to generate electricity.
NTPC KORBA CHHATTISGARH coal to electricity by tejasvi anant (tan 90')Tejasvi Anant
NTPC is India's largest power company established in 1975. NTPC operates the 2600 MW Korba Super Thermal Power Plant located in Chhattisgarh, India. The plant sources coal from local mines using a merry-go-round rail system. The coal is crushed and milled before being burned in the boiler to produce steam that drives the turbine generator, producing electricity. Flue gases pass through an electrostatic precipitator before being released through the chimney. The generator outputs electricity at 15.75 kV which is stepped up to 400 kV by transformers before connecting to the transmission grid.
1. Supercritical boilers operate above the critical pressure of water (221 bar), where there is no distinction between water and steam.
2. Operating above the critical pressure provides benefits like higher cycle efficiency, lower fuel consumption and emissions, and improved load change flexibility compared to subcritical boilers.
3. The key difference between subcritical and supercritical boilers is that supercritical boilers are drumless, with evaporation occurring in a single pass and flow induced by the feed pump rather than natural circulation.
This document discusses coal handling and combustion in thermal power plants. It begins by describing the different types of coal and methods of coal analysis. It then covers various aspects of coal handling including transportation, unloading, storage, and in-plant transfer systems. Specific equipment for crushing, conveying, and elevating coal are explained. The document concludes with a discussion of coal storage, preparation plants, and solid fuel combustion using different types of stokers.
El documento presenta la visión del SENA de invertir en el desarrollo técnico de los aprendices para brindarles más oportunidades educativas y ser reconocidos internacionalmente. El himno resalta el amor hacia la patria y el trabajo, y motiva a los estudiantes del SENA a luchar por Colombia a través del progreso técnico. Los aprendices planean sus propias actividades de forma responsable, mientras que los instructores se encargan de aclarar sus dudas sobre la tecnología objeto del programa de formación.
PayGol ofrece el pago por llamada como un método de pago fácil y rápido para clientes sin acceso a tarjetas de crédito o cuentas bancarias, que solo requiere un teléfono. El pago por llamada proporciona una validación inmediata de la transacción, cobertura mundial y no tiene costos de activación ni mensuales. PayGol puede integrarse fácilmente en sitios web, juegos o aplicaciones para aceptar pagos por llamada de forma segura.
The document discusses condensers used in thermal power plants. It describes the functions of a condenser as condensing exhaust steam from turbines to be reused in the steam cycle, creating a vacuum to improve turbine efficiency, and removing non-condensable gases. Key aspects covered include the condenser's role in the Rankine cycle, operation, materials used for tubes, sources of air leakage, methods for detecting water leakage into tubes, and cleaning and testing of condenser tubes.
FEROZE GANDHI UNCHAHAR THERMAL POWER PLANT(NTPC UNCHAHAR) SUMMER TRAINING Om Prakash
This document provides an overview of the vocational training program at the NTPC Unchahar thermal power plant in Raebareli, India. It discusses the plant's operations, including its main departments like the coal handling plant, boiler, turbines, generator, condenser, cooling tower, and ash handling plant. It also describes the sources of coal and water, and lists some advantages and disadvantages of thermal power plants. The presentation was given by Om Prakash, an electrical engineering student, under the guidance of his professor Nitish Kumar Yadav.
The presentation gives a basic idea of cooling towers in big industries including the Power Plants. The performance of cooling towers and the commonenly used terms with reference to the cooling towers are also discussed at length. Care to be taken while in freezing temperatures in the European countries is also discussed.
Project Report on Industrial Summer Training at NTPC SimhadriAshish Uppu
The following pdf is a Project Report about my Industrial Training at NTPC Limited Simhadri, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. It includes all the fundamentals of a Thermal Power Plant: its layout, various departments, principal components etc. It also contains a brief profile about the company.
The document discusses steam power plants and their components. It begins with classifying power plants based on the energy source used to generate electricity. It then describes the basic working of a steam power plant using the Rankine cycle to convert heat from fuel combustion into mechanical energy via steam turbines. The major components of a modern steam power plant are identified including the boiler, turbine, condenser, and generator. The document further discusses the layout and circuits involved in steam power plants, with a focus on coal handling and combustion systems. Different types of stokers and their working mechanisms are explained.
Thermal power plants rely heavily on coal as their primary fuel source. Coal handling involves transporting coal from mines to the plant via waterways, rail, road, ropeways or pipelines. At the plant, coal is unloaded and stored either outdoors in piles or heaps, underwater, or in live storage bunkers. Effective coal storage aims to prevent self-ignition through compacting piles and sealing layers to restrict air flow, while live storage supplies coal directly to combustion without mobile equipment. Proper coal handling and storage is critical to ensuring reliable fuel supply for thermal power generation.
This document provides information about diesel power plants. It begins with an introduction that explains diesel power plants use diesel engines connected to alternators to convert the chemical energy of diesel fuel into mechanical energy and then electrical energy.
It then lists and describes the essential elements of a diesel power plant, such as the diesel engine, generator, exciter, air and fuel filters, and lubrication systems. Diagrams of a typical diesel power plant layout and the workings of 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel engines are also included.
The document compares internal combustion engines like diesel engines to external combustion engines like steam engines. It discusses applications of diesel power plants such as for peak loads and emergencies. Advantages, disadvantages,
This training report summarizes Pratik Gupta's vocational training at the SIPAT Super Thermal Power Project. It provides details on the production of electricity at a thermal power plant. Coal is ground and blown into boilers where it burns, heating water in tubes to produce high pressure steam. The steam powers turbines connected to generators, producing electricity. The steam is then condensed back into water in condensers to be reused in the cycle. The report outlines the key components and processes involved in electricity generation at a coal-fired thermal power station.
Summer Training Report On Indian Oil Corporation Ltd.Nitin Kumar Verma
This document is a vocational training report submitted by Nitin Kumar after completing an industrial training program at Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. in Vadodara, India from June 12 to July 22, 2017 to fulfill the requirements of a Bachelor of Technology degree in Mechanical Engineering. The report provides an overview of the training experience and focuses on basic mechanical components and mechanical maintenance observed in various departments including a motor spirit quality upgradation unit, delayed coker unit, thermal power station, cogeneration plant, and atmospheric unit. Key areas discussed include centrifugal pumps, net positive suction head, cavitation, screw pumps, pump selection and problems, vibration, valves, heat exchangers, and compressors.
This document is a summer training project report submitted by Emam Raza, a student of mechanical engineering at KIET School of Engineering & Technology. The report details Raza's training at the NTPC Dadri power plant. It includes declarations by Raza, acknowledgements of those who assisted him, and sections on India's power sector, the National Thermal Power Corporation, and details about the NTPC Dadri plant such as its location, capacity, layout, and descriptions of the coal handling plant and mill sub-systems.
This document provides an overview of the Kota Super Thermal Power Plant located on the left bank of the Chambal River in India. It has a total generation capacity of 1240MW produced across 6 units. The plant uses coal as its fuel, which is supplied via rail from nearby mines. The coal handling plant is described as the "heart" of the thermal power plant. It unloads coal from trains, crushes it to 20mm size, conveys it using belt conveyors and feeders, and stores it until it is used as fuel in the plant's boilers.
The document summarizes the working principles and components of a gas turbine power plant. It discusses that air is compressed in a compressor then mixed with fuel and ignited in the combustion chamber. The hot gases spin the turbine which powers the compressor and generator. The main components are the compressor, combustion chamber, and turbine. The compressed air and fuel burn in the combustion chamber and the hot gases power the high pressure turbine which drives the compressor, and the low pressure turbine which powers the generator. About 66% of the power is used to run the compressor and 34% generates electricity.
500 MW synchronous generator rotor construction reportSumit Singh
This industrial training report summarizes the student's training on the manufacturing process of a 500MW turbo rotor at BHEL Haridwar. It discusses the technical details of the rotor, including its material requirements, cooling system, and manufacturing process for the rotor bars. Key steps include marking coils, drilling cooling holes, assembling coils in the rotor slots, connecting them electrically, and testing the completed rotor through high voltage tests and impedance tests. The report provides insights into the various production departments involved and quality checks conducted to manufacture a large turbo rotor reliably and efficiently.
This document discusses coal handling plants (CHPs) at thermal power stations. It begins with an introduction to coal and its uses. It then discusses the objectives and general layout of a CHP, including receiving coal via various transportation methods, temporary coal storage, crushing equipment, conveying systems, and auxiliary equipment. Specific equipment like wagon tipplers, conveyor belts, crushers, and feeders are explained. The document concludes with discussing coal analysis, maintenance needs of a CHP, and references.
VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT ON NTPC KORBAVIKASH BAGHEL
The document provides details about Vikash Baghel's vocational training report on thermal power plants at NTPC Korba in Chhattisgarh, India. It discusses the key components and processes of a thermal power plant including the coal handling plant, main plant components like the boiler, turbine and generator, the basic power plant cycle, and safety aspects. NTPC Korba has an installed capacity of 2600MW and uses coal sourced from local mines to generate electricity.
NTPC KORBA CHHATTISGARH coal to electricity by tejasvi anant (tan 90')Tejasvi Anant
NTPC is India's largest power company established in 1975. NTPC operates the 2600 MW Korba Super Thermal Power Plant located in Chhattisgarh, India. The plant sources coal from local mines using a merry-go-round rail system. The coal is crushed and milled before being burned in the boiler to produce steam that drives the turbine generator, producing electricity. Flue gases pass through an electrostatic precipitator before being released through the chimney. The generator outputs electricity at 15.75 kV which is stepped up to 400 kV by transformers before connecting to the transmission grid.
1. Supercritical boilers operate above the critical pressure of water (221 bar), where there is no distinction between water and steam.
2. Operating above the critical pressure provides benefits like higher cycle efficiency, lower fuel consumption and emissions, and improved load change flexibility compared to subcritical boilers.
3. The key difference between subcritical and supercritical boilers is that supercritical boilers are drumless, with evaporation occurring in a single pass and flow induced by the feed pump rather than natural circulation.
This document discusses coal handling and combustion in thermal power plants. It begins by describing the different types of coal and methods of coal analysis. It then covers various aspects of coal handling including transportation, unloading, storage, and in-plant transfer systems. Specific equipment for crushing, conveying, and elevating coal are explained. The document concludes with a discussion of coal storage, preparation plants, and solid fuel combustion using different types of stokers.
El documento presenta la visión del SENA de invertir en el desarrollo técnico de los aprendices para brindarles más oportunidades educativas y ser reconocidos internacionalmente. El himno resalta el amor hacia la patria y el trabajo, y motiva a los estudiantes del SENA a luchar por Colombia a través del progreso técnico. Los aprendices planean sus propias actividades de forma responsable, mientras que los instructores se encargan de aclarar sus dudas sobre la tecnología objeto del programa de formación.
PayGol ofrece el pago por llamada como un método de pago fácil y rápido para clientes sin acceso a tarjetas de crédito o cuentas bancarias, que solo requiere un teléfono. El pago por llamada proporciona una validación inmediata de la transacción, cobertura mundial y no tiene costos de activación ni mensuales. PayGol puede integrarse fácilmente en sitios web, juegos o aplicaciones para aceptar pagos por llamada de forma segura.
This document provides guidelines for writing a legal research report. It discusses the purpose and structure of a legal research report. The report is meant to briefly communicate the objectives, procedures, results, and conclusions of the legal research in a clear and organized manner. The document recommends that the report include an introduction, methodology, analysis and presentation of results, and summary section. It also provides guidance on formatting aspects like footnotes, endnotes, references, and bibliography to properly attribute sources.
El documento ofrece consejos para sobrevivir en la ciudad cuando se está sin hogar. Primero, recomienda no desesperarse y mantener una actitud positiva. Segundo, sugiere evaluar las prioridades como conseguir comida, abrigo o dinero. También menciona que se pueden encontrar trabajos a través del paro, entregando currículos o creando tu propio empleo, prefiriendo esta última opción por ser más rápida y eficaz.
Épico Residencial, Exclusivo com infraestrutura a poucos metros do Metrô Urug...Marcelo Maia
Épico Residencial, Exclusivo com infraestrutura a poucos metros do Metrô Uruguai. Tijuca (21) 97562.9822
Lançamento com obras iniciadas.
Últimas unidades (21) 97562.9822
O documento discute um programa chamado InoVale que visa minimizar o desperdício na empresa através da integração de recursos entre diferentes áreas, como equipamentos ociosos, contratos similares e limitações no compartilhamento de pessoas e ferramentas. O programa busca melhorar a governança, sinergia entre contratos e ativos, compartilhamento de conhecimento e otimização no uso de ferramentas.
Este documento proporciona instrucciones sobre cómo referir clientes a Goldmoney (antes conocida como Bitgold) para ganar recompensas en oro, cómo enviar oro a otros clientes, canjear saldos por oro físico o dinero, depositar fondos usando bitcoins, activar y cargar la tarjeta Mastercard de Goldmoney con saldo, y los límites de retiro con la tarjeta.
O documento discute os desafios do marketing moderno, incluindo a perda de controle das marcas sobre suas estratégias e a importância da cocriação com os clientes. Também aborda a necessidade de entender os clientes, concorrentes e outros stakeholders, assim como a era do engajamento dos consumidores.
Projeto Rumo a nova ISO 9001 versão 2015: Contempla todos os produtos da QUALIENG Consultoria para a implementação, manutenção e melhoria de Sistemas de Gestão da Qualidade baseados na ISO 9001:2015.
This document provides information about Vikas Singh's internship project and training report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Technology degree. It was completed under the guidance of internal supervisor Dinesh Jhakar and external supervisor Brahm Shanker at the Badarpur Thermal Power Station of NTPC Limited in New Delhi, India from March to June. The report includes details about NTPC, the evolution and operations of the Badarpur Thermal Power Station, and Vikas Singh's experiences during the internship period.
KALISINDH THARMAL POWER PLANT report by Neeraj PatidarNeeraj Patidar
This document provides an overview of the Kalisindh Thermal Power Project located in Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India. The 1200 MW project uses coal as its primary fuel and has 2 units, each capable of generating 600 MW of electricity. It obtains water from the Kalisindh dam and uses a Rankine cycle to convert the chemical energy in coal into thermal energy and then electrical energy through the boiler, turbine, and generator.
This document provides an overview of NTPC Limited, a major power generation company in India, and its corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives. It begins with background on NTPC, including its mission, history, operations, subsidiaries, and future plans. It then discusses the concept of CSR in India, including definitions, approaches, benefits, and the regulatory environment. The document focuses on NTPC's CSR structure, key initiatives, and challenges. It concludes by discussing debates around mandating CSR and examples of initiatives by various companies.
The document provides information about the author's 4 week training at NTPC from June to July 2016. They visited the Boiler Maintenance Department and Turbine Maintenance Department to learn how electricity is produced. NTPC is India's largest power company, generating over 45,000 MW of electricity using steam turbines powered by coal. The company was founded in 1975 and uses the Rankine cycle to convert heat from coal into mechanical power and then electrical power.
This training report summarizes a student's training and visit to an NTPC power plant. NTPC is India's largest power generation company. The report provides an overview of NTPC, including its headquarters, plants, coal sources, installed capacity, awards, and goals to expand capacity. It also describes the working of a thermal power plant, including the processes of fuel processing, steam generation, electricity generation via turbines and generators, and the steam-water cycle.
NTPC Ltd. is India's largest power company, generating over 25% of the country's electricity. It was founded in 1975 and is headquartered in New Delhi. The company operates coal-fired, gas-fired, hydroelectric, and solar power plants across India. NTPC's oldest plant is the 705MW Badarpur Thermal Power Station located in Delhi, which opened in 1973 but now faces issues due to its age and use of polluted cooling water from the Yamuna River. The company aims to increase renewable energy capacity and reduce its reliance on fossil fuels over time as it works to meet India's growing electricity needs.
National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) is India's largest power company, founded in 1975 and headquartered in Delhi. It generates electricity through thermal power plants and has over 25,000 employees. NTPC aims to install 50,000 MW of capacity by 2012 and 75,000 MW by 2017 through expanding operations and developing new projects.
India's power sector is one of the most diversified in the world. Sources of power generation range from conventional sources such as coal, lignite, natural gas, oil, hydro and nuclear power to viable non-conventional sources such as wind, solar, and agricultural and domestic waste.
Ntpc (national thermal power corporation) sipat mechanical vocational trainin...haxxo24
This document is a summer training project report submitted by Dinesh Kumar, a mechanical engineering student, on his vocational training at the National Thermal Power Corporation Sipat power plant in Chhattisgarh, India. The report provides an overview of NTPC Sipat, including its location, installed capacity, use of supercritical technology, and environmental management practices. It also describes the basic Rankine cycle used in thermal power plants, the major sub-systems of a power plant such as the coal handling plant, mills, water treatment plant and boiler, and includes diagrams of a typical power plant layout and the interior of a bowl mill.
Vishal Kumar completed a summer training program at NTPC Barh power plant in Bihar. He thanks the NTPC authorities for allowing him to complete his training and gain valuable experience observing the various mechanical and electrical operations across different parts of the power plant. The document provides an overview of NTPC as India's largest power generation company, including its vision, operations, environmental policies and practices, and details about the NTPC Barh power plant where Vishal completed his training.
complete overview of power sector in india with the total share in generation and introduction to ntpc ltd including the detailed description of ntpc dadri power plant mainly gas power plant and its auxillary are explained in detail
This document provides a training report on a thermal power plant. It summarizes the key components and processes of the coal handling plant at NTPC Sipat Super Thermal Power Station. The coal handling plant conveys coal from railway wagons to bunkers using various equipment like wagon tipplers, paddle feeders, vibrating feeders, and conveyor belts. The coal is crushed and sized to less than 20mm. Magnetic separators and metal detectors are used to remove foreign particles from the coal before it is stacked and reclaimed to bunkers.
NTPC is India’s largest energy conglomerate with roots planted way back in 1975 to accelerate power development in India. Since then it has established itself as the dominant power major with presence in the entire value chain of the power generation business. From fossil fuels it has forayed into generating electricity via hydro, nuclear and renewable energy sources. This foray will play a major role in lowering its carbon footprint by reducing green house gas emissions. To strengthen its core business, the corporation has diversified into the fields of consultancy, power trading, training of power professionals, rural electrification, ash utilization and coal mining as well.
NTPC became a Maharatna company in May 2010, one of the only four companies to be awarded this status. NTPC was ranked 431st in the ‘2015, Forbes Global 2000’ ranking of the World’s biggest companies.
The total installed capacity of the company is 44,798 MW (including JVs) with 17 coal based and 7 gas based stations. 7 Joint Venture stations are coal based and 8 renewable energy projects. The company has set a target to have an installed power generating capacity of 1,28,000 MW by the year 2032. The capacity will have a diversified fuel mix comprising 56% coal, 16% Gas, 11% Nuclear and 17% Renewable Energy Sources including hydro. By 2032, non fossil fuel based generation capacity shall make up nearly 28% of NTPC’s portfolio.NTPC has been operating its plants at high efficiency levels. Although the company has 17.73% of the total national capacity, it contributes 25.91% of total power generation due to its focus on high efficiency.
Vision
“To be the world’s largest and best power producer, powering India’s growth.”
MISSION
Develop and provide reliable power, related products and services at competitive prices, integrating multiple energy sources with innovative and eco-friendly technologies and contribute to society.
Core Values – BE COMMITTED
B Business Ethics
E Environmentally & Economically Sustainable
C Customer Focus
O Organizational & Professional Pride
M Mutual Respect & Trust
M Motivating Self & others
I Innovation & Speed
T Total Quality for Excellence
T Transparent & Respected Organization
E Enterprising
D Devoted
NTPC Electric Supply Company Ltd. (NESCL)
The company was formed on August 21, 2002. It is a wholly owned subsidiary company of NTPC with the objective of making a foray into the business of distribution and supply of electrical power, as a sequel to reforms initiated in the power sector. The company was also mandated to take up consultancy and other assignments in the area of Electrical Distribution Management System.
Its maiden entry into power distribution was by forming a 50:50 JV company ‘KINESCO Power and Utility Private Ltd.’ with Kerala Industrial Infrastructure Development Corporation (KINFRA). It is already distributing power in KINFRA.
Banti industrial training-report-on-ntpc-dadri GAS POWER PLANT94600banti
The document describes a report on an industrial training completed at the NTPC Dadri gas power plant. It provides an overview of NTPC and the Dadri station. The bulk of the document then focuses on introducing gas power plants, describing their components like the gas turbine starting system and fuel system. It explains how combined-cycle power plants work and the advantages they provide over conventional power generation methods.
Summer training report on NTPC Badarpur ,DELHI
This Report includes the following department
1. Turbine Maintenance Department
2. Boiler Maintenance Department
3. Plant Auxiliary Maintenance
4. Coal Handling Department
a summer training report on ntpc
1.turbine maintenance department
2.Boiler maintenance department
3. Plant Auxiliary maintenance Department
4. Coal handling department
Scope of solar thermal power plants in IndiaRAJ BAIRWA
This seminar presentation provides an overview of the scope of solar thermal power plants in India. It discusses India's energy scenario and potential for solar energy given its high solar insolation levels. Solar thermal energy works by concentrating sunlight using mirrors to heat a fluid which generates steam to power a turbine and generate electricity. The key components of a concentrated solar power plant are discussed along with the main solar thermal technologies including parabolic trough collectors, power towers, and dish Stirling systems. Several commercial solar thermal power plants currently operating or under construction in India are listed with details about their technology and capacity. Advantages over other renewable technologies like PV and wind are noted. The presentation concludes with a literature review summarizing several papers on the viability and
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT
ON
BTPS, NTPC BADARPUR, NEW DELHI
A TRAINING REPORT IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF
REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELETRONICS
ENGINEERING NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
GGSIPU, NEW DELHI
BY
LAKSHAY BHAMBRI
00296204913
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
NORTHERN INDIA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
FC-26, SHASTRI PARK, NEW DELHI-110053
INDIA
JUNE,2016
2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It has been a great honor and privilege to undergo training at NTPC Limited, Badarpur, Delhi,
India. I am very grateful to Mr. KALYAN MANDAL (AGM C&I) & Mr. P.C. MAHAR
(DGM EMD) for giving their valuable time and constructive guidance in preparing the
internship report for Internship. It would not have been possible to complete this report in
short period of time without their kind encouragement and valuable guidance.
3. TABLE OF CONTENT
1. About NTPC 1
Vision & Mission 1
Evolution 2
Power Generation 2
NTPC Plants 3
Future Goals 6
2. About BTPS 7
Coal to Electric Process 8
Basic power plant cycle 10
Installed Units 11
3. Electrical Maintenance Division – 1 13
Coal Handling Plant 13
Switch Gear 15
4. Electrical Maintenance Division – 2 20
Generator 20
Transformer 26
5. Control & Instrumentation 28
6. Bibliography 32
4. TABLE OF FIGURES
Sr. No. Figure Page No.
1. NTPC’s share in total capacity of INDIA 3
2. Growth in installed capacity of NTPC 6
3. Typical diagram of a coal based thermal
power plant
7
4. Flow chart of coal to electricity 9
5. Components of coal fired thermal plant 11
6. Installed units of BTPS 11
7. Flow chart of a coal handling plant 13
8. Switch Gear 16
9. Cross sectional view of a Generator 20
10. Transformer 26
11. Control Unit 28
5. 1
CHAPTER-1
ABOUT National Thermal Power Corporation
NTPC Limited is the largest thermal power generating company of India. A public sector
company, it was incorporated in the year 1975 to accelerate power development in the country
as a wholly owned company of the Government of India. At present, Government of India
holds 89.5% of the total equity shares of the company and FIIs, Domestic Banks, Public and
others hold the balance 10.5%. Within a span of 31 years, NTPC has emerged as a truly national
power company, with power generating facilities in all the major regions of the country.
VISION AND MISSION
Vision
“To be the world’s largest and best power producer, powering India’s growth.”
Mission
“Develop and provide reliable power, related products and services at competitive prices,
integrating multiple energy sources with innovative and eco-friendly technologies and contribute
to society.”
Core Values – BE COMMITTED
B Business Ethics
E Environmentally & Economically Sustainable
C Customer Focus
O Organizational & Professional Pride
M Mutual Respect & Trust
M Motivating Self & others
I Innovation & Speed
T Total Quality for Excellence
T Transparent & Respected Organization
E Enterprising
D Devoted
6. 2
EVOLUTION
NTPC was set up in 1975 in 100% by the ownership of Government of
India. In the last 30 years NTPC has grown into the largest power utility
in India.
In 1997, Government of India granted NTPC status of ‘Navratna’ being
one of the nine jewels of India, enhancing the powers to the Board of
directors.
NTPC became a listed company with majority Government ownership of
89.5%. NTPC becomes third largest by market capitalisation of listed
companies.
The company rechristened as NTPC Limited in line with its changing
business portfolio and transforms itself from a thermal power utility to an
integrated power utility.
National Thermal Power Corporation is the largest power generation
company in India. Forbes Global 2000 for 2008 ranked it 317th in the
world.
NTPC has also set up a plan to achieve a target of 50,000 MW generation
capacities.
NTPC has embarked on plans to become a 75,000 MW company by 2017.
NTPC is the largest power utility in India, accounting for about 20% of India’s installed
capacity.
POWER GENERATION IN INDIA
NTPC’s core business is engineering, construction and operation of power generating plants.
It also provides consultancy in the area of power plant constructions and power generation to
companies in India and abroad. As on date the installed capacity of NTPC is 47,228 MW
through its 18 coal based (35,085 MW), 7 gas based (4,017 MW), 9 solar photovoltaic based
(360 MW), 1 hydro based (800 MW), and 9 Joint Venture Projects (6,966 MW).
1975
1997
2004
2005
2009
2012
2017
7. 3
Figure 1: NTPC’s Share in total capacity of INDIA
NTPC PLANTS
1. Thermal-Coal based
S. NO. CITY STATE COMMISSIONED
CAPACITY(MW)
1. SINGRAULI UTTAR PRADESH 2000
2. KORBA CHATTISGARH 2600
3. RAMAGUNDAM TELANGANA 2600
4. FARAKKA WEST BENGAL 2100
5. VINDHYACHAL MADHYA
PRADESH
4760
6. RIHAND UTTAR PRADESH 3000
7. KAHALGAON BIHAR 2340
8. DADRI UTTAR PRADESH 1820
9. TALCHER ORISSA 3000
10. UNCHAHAR UTTAR PRADESH 1050
11. TALCHER ORISSA 460
12. SIMHADRI ANDHRA
PRADESH
2000
13. TANDA UTTAR PRADESH 440
8. 4
14. BADARPUR DELHI 705
15. SIPAT CHHATTISGARH 2980
16. BONGAIGAON ASSAM 250
17. MAUDA MAHARASHTRA 1660
18. BARH BIHAR 1320
TOTAL 35085 MW
2. COAL BASED (Owned by JVs)
S.NO. CITY STATE COMMISSIONED
CAPACITY(MW)
1. DURGAPUR WEST BENGAL 120
2. ROURKELA ORISSA 120
3. BHILAI CHHATTISGARH 574
4. JHAJJAR HARYANA 1500
5. KANTI BIHAR 610
6. NABINAGAR BIHAR 250
7. VALLUR TAMIL NADU 1500
8. PUVNL(Patratu) JHARKHAND 325
TOTAL 4999 MW
3. GAS Based
S.NO. CITY STATE COMMISSIONED
CAPACITY(MW)
1. ANTA RAJSTHAN 419
2. AURAIYA UTTAR PRADESH 663
3. KAWAS GUJARAT 656
4. DADRI UTTAR PRADESH 829
5. JHANOR GUJARAT 657
6. KAYAMKULAM KERALA 359
7. FARIDABAD HARYANA 431
TOTAL 4017 MW
9. 5
4. GAS Based (Owned by JVs)
S.NO. CITY STATE COMMISSIONED
CAPACITY(MW)
1. RGPPL MAHARASHTRA 1967
TOTAL 1967 MW
5. HYDRO Based
S.NO. CITY STATE COMMISSIONED
CAPACITY(MW)
1. BILASPUR(Koldam) HIMACHAL PRADESH 800
POWER BURDEN
India, as a developing country is characterized by increase in demand for electricity and as of
moment the power plants are able to meet only about 60–75% of this demand on an yearly
average. The only way to meet the requirement completely is to achieve a rate of power
capacity addition (implementing power projects) higher than the rate of demand addition.
NTPC strives to achieve this and undoubtedly leads in sharing this burden on the country.
OVERALL POWER GENERATION
UNIT 1997-98 2014-15 % OF
INCREASE
INSTALLED CAPACITY MW 16,847 47,228 180.33
GENERATION MUs 97,609 2,41,261 147.17
NO. OF EMPLOYEES NO. 23,585 22,496 -4.61
GENERATION/EMPLOYEE MUs 4.14 10.72 158.93
10. 6
Figure 2: Growth in installed capacity of NTPC
FUTURE GOALS
NTPC has set an ambitious target of becoming a 1,28,000 MW capacity firm by 2032. NTPC
CMD Arup Roy Choudhury said at 35th Annual General Meeting that based on the demand
growth and project plans, the Corporate Plan target of 1,28,000 MW capacity by the end of the
15th Five Year Plan, the year 2032, appears well within reach. NTPC has signed a Joint Venture
Agreement with Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) of Sri Lanka with 50:50 equity participation
for setting up the first overseas power project - scheduled to be commissioned by 2016. NTPC
is also exploring the possibility of setting up a 1,320 MW coal based power project in
Bangladesh through a 50:50 JV with Bangladesh Power Development Board (BPDB).
11. 7
CHAPTER 2
ABOUT Badarpur Thermal Power Station
Badarpur Thermal Power Station is located at Badarpur area in NCT Delhi. The power plant is
one of the coal based power plants of NTPC. The National Power Training Institute (NPTI) for
North India Region under Ministry of Power, Government of India was established at Badarpur
in 1974, within the Badarpur Thermal power plant (BTPS) complex.
It is situated in south east corner of Delhi on Mathura Road near Faridabad. It was the first
central sector power plant conceived in India, in 1965. It was originally conceived to provide
power to neighbouring states of Haryana, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, U.P., Rajasthan, and
Delhi but since year 1987 Delhi has become its sole beneficiary.
Figure 3: Typical diagram of coal based thermal power plant
BADARPUR THERMAL POWER STATION
COUNTRY INDIA
LOCATION MATHURA ROAD, BADARPUR, NEW
DELHI
STATUS ACTIVE
COMISSION DATE 1973
OPERATOR(S) NTPC
12. 8
POWER STATION INFORMATION
PRIMARY FUEL COAL-FIRED
GENERATION UNITS 5
INSTALLED CAPACITY 705 MW
COAL SOURCE JHARIA COAL FIELDS
WATER SOURCE AGRA CANAL
FROM COAL TO ELECTRICITY PROCESS
Coal to Steam
Coal from the coal wagons is unloaded in the coal handling plant. This Coal is transported up
to the raw coal bunkers with the help of belt conveyors. Coal is transported to Bowl mills by
Coal Feeders. The coal is pulverized in the Bowl Mill, where it is ground to powder form.
The mill consists of a round metallic table on which coal particles fall. This table is rotated
with the help of a motor. There are three large steel rollers, which are spaced 120degrees
apart. When there is no coal, these rollers do not rotate but when the coal is fed to the table it
pack up between roller and the table and this forces the rollers to rotate. Coal is crushed
by the crushing action between the rollers and the rotating table. This crushed coal is taken
away to the furnace through coal pipes with the help of hot and cold air mixture from P.A.
Fan.
P.A. Fan takes atmospheric air, a part of which is sent to Air-Preheaters for heating while a
part goes directly to the mill for temperature control. Atmospheric air from F.D. Fan is heated
in the air heaters and sent to the furnace as combustion air.
Water from the boiler feed pump passes through economizer and reaches the boiler drum.
Water from the drum passes through down comers and goes to the bottom ring header. Water
from the bottom ring header is divided to all the four sides of the furnace. Due to heat and
density difference, the water rises up in the water wall tubes. Water is partly converted to
steam as it rises up in the furnace. This steam and water mixture is again taken to the boiler
drum where the steam is separated from water.
13. 9
Figure 4: Flow chart of Coal to Electricity
Water follows the same path while the steam is sent to superheaters for superheating. The
superheaters are located inside the furnace and the steam is superheated (540 oC) and finally
it goes to the turbine.
Flue gases from the furnace are extracted by induced draft fan, which maintains balance draft
in the furnace (-5 to –10 mm of wcl) with forced draft fan. These flue gases emit their heat
energy to various super heaters in the pent house and finally pass through air-preheaters and
goes to electrostatic precipitators where the ash particles are extracted. Electrostatic
Precipitator consists of metal plates, which are electrically charged. Ash particles are
attracted on to these plates, so that they do not pass through the chimney to pollute the
atmosphere. Regular mechanical hammer blows cause the accumulation of ash to fall to the
bottom of the precipitator where they are collected in a hopper for disposal.
Steam to Mechanical Power
From the boiler, a steam pipe conveys steam to the turbine through a stop valve (which can
be used to shut-off the steam in case of emergency) and through control valves that
automatically regulate the supply of steam to the turbine. Stop valve and control valves are
located in a steam chest and a governor, driven from the main turbine shaft, operates the
control valves to regulate the amount of steam used. (This depends upon the speed of the
turbine and the amount of electricity required from the generator).
Steam from the control valves enters the high pressure cylinder of the turbine, where it passes
through a ring of stationary blades fixed to the cylinder wall. These act as nozzles and direct
the steam into a second ring of moving blades mounted on a disc secured to the turbine shaft.
The second ring turns the shafts as a result of the force of steam. The stationary and moving
14. 10
blades together constitute a „stage‟ of turbine and in practice many stages are necessary, so
that the cylinder contains a number of rings of stationary blades with rings of moving blades
arranged between them. The steam passes through each stage in turn until it reaches the end
of the high-pressure cylinder and in its passage some of its heat energy is changed into
mechanical energy.
The steam leaving the high pressure cylinder goes back to the boiler for reheating and returns
by a further pipe to the intermediate pressure cylinder. Here it passes through another series
of stationary and moving blades.
Finally, the steam is taken to the low-pressure cylinders, each of which enters at the centre
flowing outwards in opposite directions through the rows of turbine blades through an
arrangement called the „double flow‟- to the extremities of the cylinder. As the steam gives
up its heat energy to drive the turbine, its temperature and pressure fall and it expands.
Because of this expansion the blades are much larger and longer towards the low pressure
ends of the turbine.
Mechanical Power to Electrical Power
As the blades of turbine rotate, the shaft of the generator, which is coupled to that of the
turbine, also rotates. It results in rotation of the coil of the generator, which causes induced
electricity to be produced.
BASIC POWER PLANT CYCLE
The thermal (steam) power plant uses a dual (vapour + liquid) phase cycle. It is a close cycle
to enable the working fluid (water) to be used again and again. The cycle used is Rankine
Cycle modified to include superheating of steam, regenerative feed water heating and
reheating of steam. On large turbines, it becomes economical to increase the cycle efficiency
by using reheat, which is a way of partially overcoming temperature limitations. By returning
partially expanded steam, to a reheat, the average temperature at which the heat is added, is
increased and, by expanding this reheated steam to the remaining stages of the turbine, the
exhaust wetness is considerably less than it would otherwise be conversely, if the maximum
tolerable wetness is allowed, the initial pressure of the steam can be appreciably increased.
Bleed Steam Extraction: For regenerative system, nos. of non-regulated extractions is taken
from HP, IP turbine. Regenerative heating of the boiler feed water is widely used in modern
power plants; the effect being to increase the average temperature at which heat is added to
the cycle, thus improving the cycle efficiency.
15. 11
Figure 5: Components of a coal fired thermal plant
On large turbines, it becomes economical to increase the cycle efficiency by using reheat,
which is a way of partially overcoming temperature limitations. By returning partially
expanded steam, to a reheat, the average temperature at which the heat is added, is increased
and, by expanding this reheated steam to the remaining stages of the turbine, the exhaust
wetness is considerably less than it would otherwise be conversely, if the maximum tolerable
wetness is allowed, the initial pressure of the steam can be appreciably increased.
Bleed Steam Extraction: For regenerative system, nos. of non-regulated extractions is taken
from HP, IP turbine. Regenerative heating of the boiler feed water is widely used in modern
power plants; the effect being to increase the average temperature at which heat is added to
the cycle, thus improving the cycle efficiency.
INSTALLED UNITS
Figure 6: Installed Units of BTPS
MAIN GENERATOR
Maximum continuous KVA rating 24700KVA
Maximum continuous KW 210000KW
Rated terminal voltage 15750V
16. 12
Rated Stator current 9050 A
Rated Power Factor 0.85 lag
Excitation current 2600 A
Slip-ring Voltage 310 V
Rated Speed 3000 rpm
Rated Frequency 50 Hz
Short circuit ratio 0.49
Efficiency 98.4%
Direction of rotation viewed Anti Clockwise
Phase Connection Star - Delta
Number of terminals brought out 9(6 neutral and 3 phases)
MAIN TURBINE DATA
Rated output of Turbine 210 MW
Rated speed of turbine 3000 rpm
Rated pressure of steam before emergency 130 kg/cm^2
Stop valve rated live steam temperature 535 o Celsius
Rated steam temperature after reheat at inlet to receptor valve 535 o Celsius
Steam flow at valve wide open condition 670 tons/hour
Rated quantity of circulating water through condenser 27000 cm^3/hour
17. 13
CHAPTER 3
EMD – 1
Electrical Maintenance Division I
It is responsible for the maintenance of:
1. Coal Handling Plant (C.H.P) & New Coal Handling Plant (N.C.H.P)
The old coal handling plant caters to the need of units 2,3,4,5 and 1 whereas the latter supplies
coal to units 4 and V.O.C.H.P. supplies coal to second and third stages in the advent coal to
usable form to (crushed) form its raw form and send it to bunkers, from where it is send to
furnace.
Figure 7: Flow chart of a Coal handling plant
Major Components
1. Wagon Tippler: - Wagons from the coal yard come to the tippler and are emptied here. The
process is performed by a slip –ring motor of rating: 55 KW, 415V, 1480 RPM. This motor
turns the wagon by 135 degrees and coal falls directly on the conveyor through vibrators.
Tippler has raised lower system which enables is to switch off motor when required till is
wagon back to its original position. It is titled by weight balancing principle. The motor lowers
the hanging balancing weights, which in turn tilts the conveyor. Estimate of the weight of the
conveyor is made through hydraulic weighing machine.
2. Conveyor: - There are 14 conveyors in the plant. They are numbered so that their function
can be easily demarcated. Conveyors are made of rubber and more with a speed of 250-
300m/min. Motors employed for conveyors has a capacity of 150 HP. Conveyors have a
18. 14
capacity of carrying coal at the rate of 400 tons per hour. Few conveyors are double belt, this
is done for imp. Conveyors so that if a belt develops any problem the process is not stalled.
The conveyor belt has a switch after every 25-30 m on both sides so stop the belt in case of
emergency. The conveyors are 1m wide, 3 cm thick and made of chemically treated vulcanized
rubber. The max angular elevation of conveyor is designed such as never to exceed half of the
angle of response and comes out to be around 20 degrees.
3. Zero Speed Switch:-It is safety device for motors, i.e., if belt is not moving and the motor
is on the motor may burn. So to protect this switch checks the speed of the belt and switches
off the motor when speed is zero.
4. Metal Separators: - As the belt takes coal to the crusher, No metal pieces should go along
with coal. To achieve this objective, we use metal separators. When coal is dropped to the
crusher hoots, the separator drops metal pieces ahead of coal. It has a magnet and a belt and
the belt is moving, the pieces are thrown away. The capacity of this device is around 50 kg.
The CHP is supposed to transfer 600 tons of coal/hr, but practically only 300-400 tons coal is
transfer.
5. Crusher: - Both the plants use TATA crushers powered by BHEL. Motors. The crusher is
of ring type and motor ratings are 400 HP, 606 KV. Crusher is designed to crush the pieces to
20 mm size i.e. practically considered as the optimum size of transfer via conveyor.
6. Rotatory Breaker: - OCHP employs mesh type of filters and allows particles of 20mm size
to go directly to RC bunker, larger particles are sent to crushes. This leads to frequent clogging.
NCHP uses a technique that crushes the larger of harder substance like metal impurities easing
the load on the magnetic separators.
NEW COAL HANDLING PLANT
Major Components
1. Wagon Tippler:
Motor Specification
(i) H.P 75 HP
(ii) Voltage 415, 3 phase
19. 15
(iii) Speed 1480 rpm
(iv) Frequency 50 Hz
(v) Current rating 102 A
2. Coal feed to plant:
Feeder motor specification
(i) Horse power 15 HP
(ii) Voltage 415V, 3 phase
(iii) Speed 1480 rpm
(iv) Frequency 50 Hz
2. SWITCH GEAR
It makes or breaks an electrical circuit.
1. Isolation: - A device which breaks an electrical circuit when circuit is switched on to no
load. Isolation is normally used in various ways for purpose of isolating a certain portion when
required for maintenance.
2. Switching Isolation: - It is capable of doing things like interrupting transformer magnetized
current, interrupting line charging current and even perform load transfer switching. The main
application of switching isolation is in connection with transformer feeders as unit makes it
possible to switch out one transformer while other is still on load.
3. Circuit Breakers: - One which can make or break the circuit on load and even on faults is
referred to as circuit breakers. This equipment is the most important and is heavy duty
equipment mainly utilized for protection of various circuits and operations on load. Normally
circuit breakers installed are accompanied by isolators.
4. Load Break Switches: - These are those interrupting devices which can make or break
circuits. These are normally on same circuit, which are backed by circuit breakers.
5. Earth Switches: - Devices which are used normally to earth a particular system, to avoid
any accident happening due to induction on account of live adjoining circuits. These
20. 16
equipments do not handle any appreciable current at all. Apart from this equipment there are a
number of relays etc. which are used in switchgear.
Figure 8 : Switch Gear
LT Switchgear
It is classified in following ways :-
1. Main Switch: - Main switch is control equipment which controls or disconnects the main
supply. The main switch for 3 phase supply is available for the range 32A, 63A, 100A, 200Q,
300A at 500V grade.
2. Fuses: - With Avery high generating capacity of the modern power stations extremely heavy
carnets would flow in the fault and the fuse clearing the fault would be required to withstand
extremely heavy stress in process.
It is used for supplying power to auxiliaries with backup fuse protection, rotary switch up to
25A. With fuses, quick break, quick make and double break switch fuses for 63A and 100A,
switch fuses for 200A, 400A, 600A, 800A and 1000A are used.
3. Contractors: - AC Contractors are 3 poles suitable for D.O.L Starting of motors and
protecting the connected motors.
21. 17
4. Overload Relay: - For overload protection, thermal over relay are best suited for this
purpose. They operate due to the action of heat generated by passage of current through relay
element.
5. Air Circuit Breakers: - It is seen that use of oil in circuit breaker may cause a fire. So in all
circuits breakers at large capacity air at high pressure is used which is maximum at the time of
quick tripping of contacts. This reduces the possibility of sparking. The pressure may vary from
50-60 kg/cm^2 for high and medium capacity circuit breakers.
HT Switch Gear
1. Minimum oil Circuit Breaker: - These use oil as quenching medium. It comprises of simple
dead tank row pursuing projection from it. The moving contracts are carried on an iron arm
lifted by a long insulating tension rod and are closed simultaneously pneumatic operating
mechanism by means of tensions but throw off spring to be provided at mouth of the control
the main current within the controlled device.
Type-HKH 12/1000c
· Rated Voltage-66 KV
· Normal Current-1250A
· Frequency-5Hz
· Breaking Capacity-3.4+KA Symmetrical
· 3.4+KA Asymmetrical
· 360 MVA Symmetrical
· Operating Coils-CC 220 V/DC
§ FC 220V/DC
· Motor Voltage-220 V/DC
2. Air Circuit Breaker: - In this the compressed air pressure around 15 kg per cm^2 is used
for extinction of arc caused by flow of air around the moving circuit . The breaker is closed by
applying pressure at lower opening and opened by applying pressure at upper opening. When
contacts operate, the cold air rushes around the movable contacts and blown the arc.
22. 18
Rated Voltage-6.6 KV
Current-630 A
Auxiliary current-220 V/DC
3. SF6 Circuit Breaker: - This type of circuit breaker is of construction to dead tank bulk oil
to circuit breaker but the principle of current interruption is similar o that of air blast circuit
breaker. It simply employs the arc extinguishing medium namely SF6 the performance of gas.
When it is broken down under an electrical stress, it will quickly reconstitute itself
· Circuit Breakers-HPA
· Standard-1 EC 56
· Rated Voltage-12 KV
· Insulation Level-28/75 KV
· Rated Frequency-50 Hz
· Breaking Current-40 KA
· Rated Current-1600 A
· Making Capacity-110 KA
· Rated Short Time Current 1/3s -40 A
· Mass Approximation-185 KG
· Auxiliary Voltage
. Closing Coil-220 V/DC
. Opening Coil-220 V/DC
· Motor-220 V/DC
· SF6 Pressure at 20 Degree Celsius-0.25 KG
· SF6 Gas Per pole-0.25 KG
23. 19
4. Vacuum Circuit Breaker: - It works on the principle that vacuum is used to save the
purpose of insulation and it implies that pressure of gas at which breakdown voltage is
independent of pressure. It regards of insulation and strength, vacuum is superior dielectric
medium and is better that all other medium except air and sulphur which are generally used at
high pressure.
· Rated frequency-50 Hz
· Rated making Current-10 Peak KA
· Rated Voltage-12 KV
· Supply Voltage Closing-220 V/DC
· Rated Current-1250 A
· Supply Voltage Tripping-220 V/DC
· Insulation Level-IMP 75 KVP
· Rated Short Time Current-40 KA (3 SEC), Weight of Breaker-8 KG
24. 20
CHAPTER 4
EMD – 2
Electrical Maintenance division II
This division is divided as follows
Generator and Auxiliaries
Generator Fundamentals
The transformation of mechanical energy into electrical energy is carried out by the Generator.
This Chapter seeks to provide basic understanding about the working principles and
development of Generator.
Figure 9 : Cross sectional view of a Generator
Working Principle
The A.C. Generator or alternator is based upon the principle of electromagnetic induction and
consists generally of a stationary part called stator and a rotating part called rotor. The stator
housed the armature windings. The rotor houses the field windings. D.C. voltage is applied to
the field windings through slip rings. When the rotor is rotated, the lines of magnetic flux (i.e.
magnetic field) cut through the stator windings. This induces an electromagnetic force (EMF)
in the stator windings. The magnitude of this EMF is given by the following expression.
25. 21
E = 4.44 /Ø FN volts
Ø = Strength of magnetic field in Weber’s.
F = Frequency in cycles per second or Hertz.
N = Number of turns in a coil of stator winding
F = Frequency = P*n/120
Where P = Number of poles
n = revolutions per second of rotor.
From the expression it is clear that for the same frequency, number of poles increases with
decrease in speed and vice versa. Therefore, low speed hydro turbine drives generators have
14 to 20 poles were as high speed steam turbine driven generators have generally 2 poles.
Generator component
This deals with the two main components of the Generator viz. Rotor, its winding &
balancing and stator, its frame, core & windings.
Rotor
The electrical rotor is the most difficult part of the generator to design. It revolves in most
modern generators at a speed of 3,000 revolutions per minute. The problem of guaranteeing
the dynamic strength and operating stability of such a rotor is complicated by the fact that a
massive non-uniform shaft subjected to a multiplicity of differential stresses must operate in
oil lubricated sleeve bearings supported by a structure mounted on foundations all of which
possess complex dynamic be behavior peculiar to them. It is also an electromagnet and to
give it the necessary magnetic strength
The windings must carry a fairly high current. The passage of the current through the
windings generates heat but the temperature must not be allowed to become so high,
otherwise difficulties will be experienced with insulation. To keep the temperature down, the
cross section of the conductor could not be increased but this would introduce another
problems. In order to make room for the large conductors, body and this would cause
mechanical weakness. The problem is really to get the maximum amount of copper into the
windings without reducing the mechanical strength. With good design and great care in
26. 22
construction this can be achieved. The rotor is a cast steel ingot, and it is further forged and
machined. Very often a hole is bored through the center of the rotor axially from one end of
the other for inspection. Slots are then machined for windings and ventilation.
Rotor winding
Silver bearing copper is used for the winding with mica as the insulation between conductors.
A mechanically strong insulator such as micanite is used for lining the slots. Later designs of
windings for large rotor incorporate combination of hollow conductors with slots or holes
arranged to provide for circulation of the cooling gas through the actual conductors. When
rotating at high speed. Centrifugal force tries to lift the windings out of the slots and they are
contained by wedges. The end rings are secured to a turned recess in the rotor body, by
shrinking or screwing and supported at the other end by fittings carried by the rotor body.
The two ends of windings are connected to slip rings, usually made of forged steel, and
mounted on insulated sleeves.
Stator
Stator frame: The stator is the heaviest load to be transported. The major part of this load is
the stator core. This comprises an inner frame and outer frame. The outer frame is a rigid
fabricated structure of welded steel plates, within this shell is a fixed cage of girder built
circular and axial ribs. The ribs divide the yoke in the compartments through which hydrogen
flows into radial ducts in the stator core and circulate through the gas coolers housed in the
frame. The inner cage is usually fixed in to the yoke by an arrangement of springs to dampen
the double frequency vibrations inherent in 2 pole generators. The end shields of hydrogen
cooled generators must be strong enough to carry shaft seals. In large generators the frame is
constructed as two separate parts. The fabricated inner cage is inserted in the outer frame
after the stator core has been constructed and the winding completed. Stator core: The stator
core is built up from a large number of 'punching" or sections of thin steel plates. The use of
cold rolled grain-oriented steel can contribute to reduction in the weight of stator core for two
main reasons:
a) There is an increase in core stacking factor with improvement in lamination cold Rolling
and in cold buildings techniques.
27. 23
b) The advantage can be taken of the high magnetic permeance of grain-oriented steels of
work the stator core at comparatively high magnetic saturation without fear or excessive iron
loss of two heavy a demand for excitation ampere turns from the generator rotor.
Stator Windings
Each stator conductor must be capable of carrying the rated current without overheating. The
insulation must be sufficient to prevent leakage currents flowing between the phases to earth.
Windings for the stator are made up from copper strips wound with insulated tape which is
impregnated with varnish, dried under vacuum and hot pressed to form a solid insulation bar.
These bars are then place in the stator slots and held in with wedges to form the complete
winding which is connected together at each end of the core forming the end turns. These end
turns are rigidly braced and packed with blocks of insulation material to withstand the heavy
forces which might result from a short circuit or other fault conditions. The generator
terminals are usually arranged below the stator. On recent generators (210 MW) the windings
are made up from copper tubes instead of strips through which water is circulated for cooling
purposes. The water is fed to the windings through plastic tubes.
Generator Cooling System
The 200/210 MW Generator is provided with an efficient cooling system to avoid excessive
heating and consequent wear and tear of its main components during operation. This Chapter
deals with the rotor-hydrogen cooling system and stator water cooling system along with the
shaft sealing and bearing cooling systems.
Rotor Cooling System
The rotor is cooled by means of gap pick-up cooling, wherein the hydrogen gas in the air gap
is sucked through the scoops on the rotor wedges and is directed to flow along the ventilating
canals milled on the sides of the rotor coil, to the bottom of the slot where it takes a turn and
comes out on the similar canal milled on the other side of the rotor coil to the hot zone of the
rotor. Due to the rotation of the rotor, a positive suction as well as discharge is created due to
which a certain quantity of gas flows and cools the rotor. This method of cooling gives
uniform distribution of temperature. Also, this method has an inherent advantage of
eliminating the deformation of copper due to varying temperatures.
28. 24
Hydrogen Cooling System
Hydrogen is used as a cooling medium in large capacity generator in view of its high heat
carrying capacity and low density. But in view of it’s forming an explosive mixture with
oxygen, proper arrangement for filling, purging and maintaining its purity inside the
generator have to be made. Also, in order to prevent escape of hydrogen from the generator
casing, shaft sealing system is used to provide oil sealing.
The hydrogen cooling system mainly comprises of a gas control stand, a drier, an liquid level
indicator, hydrogen control panel, gas purity measuring and indicating instruments,
The system is capable of performing the following functions:
I. Filling in and purging of hydrogen safely without bringing in contact with air.
II. Maintaining the gas pressure inside the machine at the desired value at all the times.
III. Provide indication to the operator about the condition of the gas inside the machine
i.e. its pressure, temperature and purity.
IV. Continuous circulation of gas inside the machine through a drier in order to remove
any water vapor that may be present in it.
V. Indication of liquid level in the generator and alarm in case of high level.
Stator Cooling System
The stator winding is cooled by distillate.
Turbo generators require water cooling arrangement over and above the usual hydrogen
cooling arrangement. The stator winding is cooled in this system by circulating demineralised
water (DM water) through hollow conductors. The cooling water used for cooling stator
winding calls for the use of very high quality of cooling water. For this purpose DM water of
proper specific resistance is selected. Generator is to be loaded within a very short period if
the specific resistance of the cooling DM water goes beyond certain preset values. The
system is designed to maintain a constant rate of cooling water flow to the stator winding at a
nominal inlet water temperature of 400C.
29. 25
Rating of 95 MW Generator-
Manufacture by Bharat heavy electrical Limited (BHEL)
Capacity - 117500 KVA
Voltage - 10500V
Speed - 3000 rpm
Hydrogen - 2.5 Kg/cm2
Power factor - 0.85 (lagging)
Stator current - 6475 A
Frequency - 50 Hz
Stator winding connection - 3 phase
Rating of 210 MW Generator-
Manufacture by Bharat heavy electrical Limited (BHEL)
Capacity - 247000 KVA
Voltage (stator) - 15750 V
Current (stator) - 9050 A
Voltage (rotor) - 310 V
Current (rotor) - 2600 V
Speed - 3000 rpm
Power factor - 0.85
Frequency - 50 Hz
Hydrogen - 3.5 Kg/cm2
Stator winding connection - 3 phase star connection
Insulation class - B
30. 26
Transformer
A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another by
magnetic coupling without requiring relative motion between its parts. It usually comprises
two or more coupled windings, and in most cases, a core to concentrate magnetic flux. An
alternating voltage applied to one winding creates a time-varying magnetic flux in the core,
which includes a voltage in the other windings. Varying the relative number of turns between
primary and secondary windings determines the ratio of the input and output voltages, thus
transforming the voltage by stepping it up or down between circuits. By transforming
electrical power to a high-voltage, _low-current form and back again, the transformer greatly
reduces energy losses and so enables the economic transmission of power over long
distances. It has thus shape the electricity supply industry, permitting generation to be located
remotely from point of demand. All but a fraction of the world’s electrical power has passed
through a series of transformer by the time it reaches the consumer.
Figure 10 : Transformer
Rating of transformer
Manufactured by Bharat Heavy Electrical Limited
No load voltage (HV) - 229 KV
No load Voltage (LV) -10.5 KV
31. 27
Line current (HV) -315.2 A
Line current (LV) - 873.2 A
Temp rise - 45 Celsius
Oil quantity - 40180 lit
Weight of oil - 34985 Kg
Total weight - 147725 Kg
Core & winding - 84325 Kg
Phase -3
Frequency - 50 Hz
32. 28
CHAPTER 4
CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION
This division is basically brain of the power plant and this division is responsible for:
1. For controlling the entire process of boiler, turbine and generator.
2. Is responsible for protection of boiler turbine & generator & associated auxiliaries.
3. It is responsible for display of all the parameters to the operator for taking the manual
action in case of emergency.
4. Responsible for logging of sequence of events taking place in the control room
Figure 11 : Control Unit
This department is the brain of the plant because from the relays to transmitters followed by
the electronic computation chipsets and recorders and lastly the controlling circuitry, all fall
under this.
33. 29
This division also calibrates various instruments and takes care of any faults occurring in any
of the auxiliaries in the plant provided for all the equipments. Tripping can be considered as
the series of instructions connected through OR GATE. When the main equipments of this
laboratories are relay and circuit breakers.
Objectives of Instrumentation & Control
1. Efficient Operation of the plant.
2. Economic Operation of the plant.
3. Safe operation of the plant.
This entire task is often taken up by control & instrumentation or simply instrumentation
system which has following functions :-
1. Measurement
2. Control
3. Operation
4. Monitoring
5. Protection
For a Plant Measurement system needs to be:
1. Very accurate
2. Reliable
3. Delays should be as small as possible
4. Should be switched on manually when overall control system fails.
Measurement Parameters & Variables
Sr. No. Parameters/
Variables
Measuring Points Type of Sensor/ Instrument
1. Pressure Boiler, Turbine,
Furnace
Bourdon Tube, Diaphgram,
Bell Gauges
34. 30
2. Temperature Steam inlet & output
Feed water inlet
Air preheater
Flue gases
Bearing of turbine &
generator
Thermocouple
RTD
3. Flow High pressure steam
Feed water inlet
Orifice, Venturi,
Flow Nozzle
4. Level Boiler drum
Condensate tank
Water line
Differential Pressure Methods
5. Expansion Turbine shaft
Turbine casing
Relative displacement
Control and Instrumentation Department has following labs:
1. Manometry Lab
2. Protection and Interlocks Lab
3. Automation Lab
4. Electronics Lab
5. Water Treatment Plant
6. Furnaces Safety Supervisory System Lab
Instruments used for protection
1. Relay
It is a protective device. It can detect wrong condition in electrical circuits by constantly
measuring the electrical quantities flowing under normal and faulty conditions. Some
of the electrical quantities are voltage, current, phase angle and velocity.
35. 31
2. Fuses
It is a short piece of metal inserted in the circuit, which melts when heavy current flows
through it and thus breaks the circuit. Usually silver is used as a fuse material.
3. Miniature Circuit Breaker
They are used with combination of the control circuits to enable the staring of plant and
distributors & protect the circuit in case of a fault. In consists of current carrying
contacts, one movable and other fixed. When a fault occurs the contacts separate and
are is stuck between them.
36. 32
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ashfaq Husain. Electrical Machines. Dhanpat Rai & Co. 2015.
S. L. Uppal. Electrical Power. Khanna Publishers. 13th edition 2003.
Badri Ram. Power System Protection and Switchgear. TMH Publications 2nd Edition.
D. Patranabis. Sensors and Transducers. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd., 2nd edition.
Annual Report 2014-15, NTPC.
Useful Links :
http://www.ntpc.co.in/en
http://www.ntpc.co.in/en/power-generation