North-South Divide (Analysis)
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Lecture on the North-South Divide (one of two parts) for a graduate course in International Political Economy that I taught in 2004.
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North-South Divide (Generic)
Lecture on the North South Divide (two of two parts), for a graduate course in International Political Economy I taught in 2004.
The North/South Gap and Country Classifications
An introduction to the concept of the North/South gap and the terminology used in geography to classify countries by degrees of development for Global Geography 12.
The North-South Gap
The document discusses the economic and social divide between the global North and South. It describes how the Northern economies were historically based on industries and manufacturing while the Southern economies relied on agriculture and cash crops. This led to disparities in standards of living and wealth distribution between the two regions over time. The document also examines some of the key issues associated with the North-South divide like economic competition and analyzes factors that have contributed to the development gap such as colonialism, unequal trade relations, and debt.
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Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness of economies and societies around the world through trade and information sharing. There are three main types - economic, social, and political. Key drivers of globalization include improved communications like the internet, improved transportation infrastructure, free trade agreements, global banking, and the growth of multinational corporations. The effects of globalization include a changed global food supply, increased outsourcing and less job security in some countries, potential environmental damage from increased trade and transport, homogenization of cultures, and a rise in anti-globalization protests.
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Dependency Theory
The document discusses dependency theory, which argues that resources flow from poorer "periphery" states to enrich wealthier "core" states. It originated in reaction to modernization theory. There are two perspectives on dependency - the capitalist view that it facilitates development, and the socialist view that it is a form of imperialism that enriches core states. Key aspects of dependency include globalization, free markets, surplus value flowing to core states, political and technological control by core states, and neo-colonialism. While it was influential in the 1960-70s, dependency theory has lost some influence with the growth of some developing economies, though still impacts anti-poverty campaigns.
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North-South Divide (Generic)
Lecture on the North South Divide (two of two parts), for a graduate course in International Political Economy I taught in 2004.
The North/South Gap and Country Classifications
An introduction to the concept of the North/South gap and the terminology used in geography to classify countries by degrees of development for Global Geography 12.
The North-South Gap
The document discusses the economic and social divide between the global North and South. It describes how the Northern economies were historically based on industries and manufacturing while the Southern economies relied on agriculture and cash crops. This led to disparities in standards of living and wealth distribution between the two regions over time. The document also examines some of the key issues associated with the North-South divide like economic competition and analyzes factors that have contributed to the development gap such as colonialism, unequal trade relations, and debt.
The North/South gap and Classification of Countries, v2.0
An introduction to the issue of global wealth distribution and current terms used to discuss countries according to relative wealth and development.
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The Global North vs The Global South
On the great disparity between the Global North and South Today. It also presents two schools of thought on the causes of disparity i.e., Classical Liberal Economic Theory and Dependency Theory.
Reference: Kegley
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Dependency Theory
The document discusses dependency theory, which argues that resources flow from poorer "periphery" states to enrich wealthier "core" states. It originated in reaction to modernization theory. There are two perspectives on dependency - the capitalist view that it facilitates development, and the socialist view that it is a form of imperialism that enriches core states. Key aspects of dependency include globalization, free markets, surplus value flowing to core states, political and technological control by core states, and neo-colonialism. While it was influential in the 1960-70s, dependency theory has lost some influence with the growth of some developing economies, though still impacts anti-poverty campaigns.
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Globalization is the process by which ideas, knowledge, information, goods, and services spread around the world through integrated economies marked by free trade and movement of capital and labor. The document discusses the three main components of economic globalization: production, finance, and markets. It also examines cultural globalization through the globalization of food, sport, and converging consumption patterns. Political globalization is discussed through examples like the European Union and NATO, which establish international norms and ease movement and trade but can also decrease accountability. The global economy refers to interconnected worldwide economic activities between countries that can have positive or negative impacts, and emerging markets are important for long-term world economic outlook and microeconomic importance.
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This document discusses the concept of levels of analysis, which provides possible explanations for "why" questions. It outlines four levels: individual, domestic, interstate, and global. The individual level focuses on how great leaders influence history. The domestic level examines a society's dominant culture, ethnicity, religion, and economic development, as well as the type and stability of its government. The interstate level analyzes how states interact and their relative power. Finally, the global level considers trends and forces that transcend state interactions, such as technological change and wealth gaps between nations.
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This document discusses various aspects of economic globalization including:
- The definition and drivers of globalization including international trade, investment, and information technology.
- The role of institutions like the IMF, World Bank, WTO, OECD in establishing rules and frameworks to facilitate global economic cooperation and expansion.
- The debate around protectionism versus free trade and how nations approach economic integration.
- Both the potential advantages of economic globalization like increased trade, growth, and standards of living as well as disadvantages such as impacts on small businesses, global warming, and worker exploitation.
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- Contemporary wars are occurring in the global South, particularly in Iraq, Western Sudan, and Afghanistan. Most peace agreements in postwar zones are holding.
- Types of war include hegemonic war, total war, limited war, civil war, and guerrilla war. The largest drivers of conflict are ethnic, religious, ideological, territorial, governmental, and economic. Nationalism has also been a major force shaping conflicts over the past two centuries.
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The document provides an overview of the political dimensions of globalization. It discusses several topics:
1) It defines globalization and outlines several phases of increasing global connection and integration throughout history.
2) It identifies several types and effects of globalization, including technological, economic, financial, cultural, political, military, environmental, health, and resource-related globalization.
3) It examines the political dimension of globalization in more depth, identifying both threats such as fragile states, terrorism, authoritarianism, and organized crime, as well as benefits such as expanded diplomacy, international law, democracy, and development.
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This document discusses society's structure and the relationship between the central zone and membership. It argues that the central zone is a phenomenon of symbols, values, beliefs, and actions rather than geography. Society consists of subsystems like the economic system and polity, each comprising networks of organizations with elites who make decisions. The central value system contains the core judgments and values held sacred in a society and espoused by authorities. While affirmation of this value system varies, elites have authority to attribute affinity to sacred elements and act as custodians. Order is maintained through appreciation for authority and institutions as legitimized by the central value system.
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Levels of analysis
This document discusses the concept of levels of analysis, which provides possible explanations for "why" questions. It outlines four levels: individual, domestic, interstate, and global. The individual level focuses on how great leaders influence history. The domestic level examines a society's dominant culture, ethnicity, religion, and economic development, as well as the type and stability of its government. The interstate level analyzes how states interact and their relative power. Finally, the global level considers trends and forces that transcend state interactions, such as technological change and wealth gaps between nations.
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This document discusses various aspects of economic globalization including:
- The definition and drivers of globalization including international trade, investment, and information technology.
- The role of institutions like the IMF, World Bank, WTO, OECD in establishing rules and frameworks to facilitate global economic cooperation and expansion.
- The debate around protectionism versus free trade and how nations approach economic integration.
- Both the potential advantages of economic globalization like increased trade, growth, and standards of living as well as disadvantages such as impacts on small businesses, global warming, and worker exploitation.
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The document discusses the need for global governance to address various transnational threats and challenges that individual countries cannot handle alone, such as terrorism, weapons proliferation, environmental issues, and natural disasters. It then outlines the key components of the existing global governance framework, including international law, norms, organizations, conferences, and involvement of states, NGOs, private actors, and policy networks. Effective global cooperation across these elements is necessary to manage common problems in an increasingly interconnected world.
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Ethnic Conflict
Globalization can weaken ethnic identities and spread ethnic conflicts between areas. The end of the Cold War also increased attention on ethnic conflicts that had previously been contained by the superpowers. There are many potential causes of ethnic conflict, including ancient hatreds, political issues, competition for resources, weak institutions, and proliferation of weapons. Ethnic conflicts have huge costs, including thousands of deaths, millions of refugees, economic damage, hindering democratization, and environmental destruction. Major ethnic conflicts have occurred in Africa, such as in Nigeria, Rwanda, Sudan, and Liberia, and in Asia, such as in India, Sri Lanka, China, and Tibet. Potential resolutions include meeting ethnic group needs through economic development, power-
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***This presentation is collected and created by ZMSH
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The document summarizes different types of international conflicts:
- Contemporary wars are occurring in the global South, particularly in Iraq, Western Sudan, and Afghanistan. Most peace agreements in postwar zones are holding.
- Types of war include hegemonic war, total war, limited war, civil war, and guerrilla war. The largest drivers of conflict are ethnic, religious, ideological, territorial, governmental, and economic. Nationalism has also been a major force shaping conflicts over the past two centuries.
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Wars have been a part of human history for thousands of years and have become increasingly destructive with advances in technology. Wars are typically fought between countries to achieve objectives through force, but can also be civil wars within a country. There are often many complex and intertwined reasons for wars beginning, rather than single clear causes. Eight main reasons proposed for wars are economic gain, territorial gain, religion, nationalism, revenge, civil war, revolutionary war, and defensive or preemptive war.
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The document provides an overview of the political dimensions of globalization. It discusses several topics:
1) It defines globalization and outlines several phases of increasing global connection and integration throughout history.
2) It identifies several types and effects of globalization, including technological, economic, financial, cultural, political, military, environmental, health, and resource-related globalization.
3) It examines the political dimension of globalization in more depth, identifying both threats such as fragile states, terrorism, authoritarianism, and organized crime, as well as benefits such as expanded diplomacy, international law, democracy, and development.
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This document outlines common characteristics of developing countries compared to developed countries. Some key characteristics include lower levels of living and productivity, lower levels of human capital, higher levels of inequality and poverty, higher population growth rates, larger rural populations undergoing rapid urbanization, lower levels of industrialization and manufactured exports, underdeveloped financial and other markets, and impacts from colonial legacies like poor institutions. The World Bank classifies countries based on income levels, with developing countries having lower GNI per capita on average. There is diversity within developing countries but also common challenges.
Chapter 18 presentation
This document discusses levels of economic development among nations. It defines development as improving well-being and categorizes nations as developed, developing, or underdeveloped based on factors like per capita GDP, life expectancy, and industrialization. Rapid population growth, lack of resources and education, poor health, and political instability can harm development, while investment, international aid, and stable government help development progress.
Professor David Hulme at Japan International Cooperation Agency July 2016
Professor David Hulme at Japan International Cooperation Agency July 2016Global Development Institute
Professor David Hulme, Executive Director of the Global Development Institute spoke at the Japan International Cooperation Agency in July 2016.
The presentation links to his new book 'Should Rich Nations Help The Poor'Ch26
The document discusses several key concepts related to levels of development:
1. It describes common terms used to describe levels of development such as developed, developing, underdeveloped, and categories like First, Second, Third World.
2. It outlines some common economic, social, and demographic indicators used to measure development, like GDP, literacy rates, and life expectancy.
3. It provides an overview of characteristics of developing countries like lower living standards, poverty, population growth, and dependence on agriculture.
The document also briefly summarizes several theories of development including modernization theory, dependency theory, and world systems theory. It notes that sustainable development involves partnerships, conservation, and programs like microcredit.
Human geography7
This chapter discusses the uneven nature of economic development around the world. It begins by defining economic development and explaining its focus on factors like prosperity, technology, productivity, health and well-being. The chapter then examines principles of economic location and how countries participate in the global economy. It explores theories of development and analyzes regional patterns of development and decline. The chapter also considers the impacts of globalization on local and regional economic development processes.
Global Issues
This presentation was created for a contemporary issues/economics 12th grade Social Studies class. This PowerPoint covers global issues that are affecting the world. However, due to the amount of information, this presentation only covers health, education, and the economy in a global perspective. This was made by me and three other people in my group.
Globalization business ethics
This course was Business ethics taught by Institute of Business Management in which we are talking about globalization and its ethics..
Globalization, Wealth and Poverty
This document discusses globalization and its impact on developing countries. It notes that globalization has led to both positive and negative consequences for developing nations. While it has increased international trade and access to foreign culture, it has also resulted in job losses in developed countries as companies move production overseas. The document examines why some countries are rich and others poor, looking at factors like natural resources, government policies, competition, and geography. It also provides examples of countries that have successfully developed, like China, which lifted hundreds of millions out of poverty through market reforms. The challenges of globalization, like rising inequality and an interconnected global economy, are also summarized.
03 growth and the less-developed countries
The document provides an overview of key concepts related to economic growth and development in less developed countries. It defines important terms like GDP per capita, industrially advanced countries, and less developed countries. It also discusses factors that influence economic growth like natural resources, investment, and political stability. Additionally, it examines challenges faced by less developed countries like the vicious cycle of poverty and how foreign aid and loans can help countries invest and develop their economies.
Economic Development & Globalization
Economic Development and Globalization. The situation of DCs and LDCs, impact of globalization of DCs and LDCs, and challenges of LDCs.
World system theory; Wallerstein
World systems theory argues that underdeveloped countries are poor not due to their own histories or characteristics, but because of their position in the global capitalist system. Core developed countries exploit peripheral poorer nations by maintaining economic and military dominance over them. This allows core nations to extract resources and profits from peripheries while preventing their industrial development. World systems theorists claim international organizations do not challenge this global power structure and peripheries should pursue policies like import substitution and cooperation to resist exploitation by the core. However, critics argue world systems theory's claims are not always supported by evidence and the causes of global inequality may be more complex.
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Unit 3 contested_planet_bridging_the_development_gap
Unit 3 contested_planet_bridging_the_development_gap
Chapter 2 Characteristics of Developing Countries.ppt
Chapter 2 Characteristics of Developing Countries.ppt
Professor David Hulme at Japan International Cooperation Agency July 2016
Professor David Hulme at Japan International Cooperation Agency July 2016
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North-South Divide (Analysis)
- 1. The North-South Divide The Realities of a Complex Problem
- 2. On Developing Countries • Common problems of developing countries: • Lackluster economic growth. • Pervasive poverty. • Weak institutions of governance. • Societal divides. • The question is, to what extent should the international system be held responsible?
- 3. The Burning Questions • Are developing countries disadvantaged by the structure of the current international system? • Is the system “biased” in favor of the developing world? • Are the problems experienced by developing countries of their own doing? • To what extent should the developed world view this as their problem also? • Have international institutions made the problem better or worse?
- 4. Facts • According to the 1999 UNDP Report (Patterns of Global Inequality), the fifth of the world’s population living in the highest-income countries have: • 86 percent of world GDP • 82 percent of world export markets • 68 percent of foreign direct investments • In contrast, the bottom half have just 1 percent of each.
- 5. Unequal World 26% 18% 27% 29% Low Income Lower Middle Income Upper Middle Income High Income
- 6. Unequal World 26% 18% 27% 29% Low Income Lower Middle Income Upper Middle Income High Income
- 7. Addressing the Divide • Four alternatives to address the North-South Divide: • Do nothing. • Change the system. • Self-help. • Bi-lateral assistance.