global divides
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The document discusses the global divides between the Global North and Global South. It defines the Global North as developed countries in Europe and North America that make up 1/4 of the population but have 4/5 of the world's income. The Global South refers to developing countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America that make up 3/4 of the population but only 1/5 of the world's income and tend to have higher poverty, conflict, and less political stability. It notes measures have been taken through globalization and UN programs to try to narrow the socioeconomic gaps between the two regions.
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global divides
- 4. The Brandt Report (1983) was published by a commission chaired by the former German Chancellor Willy Brandt. The report identified: 2. THE SOUTH – is a geographical convenience based on the fact that most of the Poor World lies south of latitude 30 degree North. (Except Australia and New Zealand). 1.THE NORTH – are those countries that are above the South 30 degree North.
- 6. The Global North (comprises one quarter of the world population) refers to developed societies of Europe and North America, which are characterised by established democracy, wealth, technological advancement, political stability, aging population, zero population growth and dominance of world trade and politics.
- 7. The Global South (are the developing countries) (comprises three quarters of the world population) represents mainly agrarian economies in Africa, India, China, Latin America and others that are not as economically sound and politically stable as their global North counterparts and tend to be characterised by turmoil, war, conflict, poverty, anarchy and tyranny (Odeh, 2010).
- 9. The terms the North and the South, when used in a global context, are alternative designations for “developed” and “developing” countries. The North–South divide is broadly considered a socio-economic and political divide. The Global North refers to the First World Countries or Developed Countries. The Global South refers to the Third World Countries or the Developing Countries.
- 10. Characteristics of the North Characteristics of the South 1/4 of the world's people 3/4 of the world's people 4/5 of world's income 1/5 of world's income Average life expectancy more than 70 years Average life expectancy of 50 years Most people have enough to eat 1/5 or more suffer from hunger and malnutrition Most people are educated 1/2 of the people have little chance of any education Over 90% of the world's manufacturing industry less than 10% of the world's manufacturing industry About 96% of the world's spending on research and development 4% of the world's research and development
- 12. The globalized world faces two contradictory trends. While a globalized market opens the prospects of unimagined wealth, it also creates new vulnerabilities to political turmoil and the danger of a new gap.
- 13. The impact of these new trends on the developing world is profound. In economies driven by a near imperative for the big to acquire the small, companies of developing countries are increasingly being absorbed by American and European multinationals.
- 14. While this solves the problem of access to capital, it brings about growing vulnerabilities to domestic political tensions, especially in times of crisis. And within the developing countries, it creates political temptations for attacks on the entire system of globalization.
- 15. The typical developing country’s economy bifurcates: one set of enterprises is integrated into the global economy, mostly owned by international corporations. The rest, cut off from globalization, employs much of the labor force at the lowest wages and with the bleakest social prospects. In
- 17. The North-South Divide is criticized for being a way of segregating people along economic lines and is seen as a factor of the widening gap between developed and developing economies. However, several measures have been put in place to contract the North-South Divide including the lobbying for international free trade and globalization.
- 18. The United Nations has developed a program dedicated to narrowing the divide through its Millennium Development Goals. This includes improving education and health care, promoting gender equality, and ensuring environmental sustainability.
Editor's Notes
- The origin of dividing countries into the North-South Divide arose during the Cold War of the mid 20th century. During this time, countries were primarily categorized according to their alignment between the Russian East and the American West. Countries in the East like the Soviet Union and China which became classified as Second World countries. In the west, the United States and its allies were labelled as First World countries. This division left out many countries which were poorer than the First World and Second World countries. The poor countries were eventually labeled as Third World countries. This categorization was later abandoned after the Second World countries joined the First World countries. New criteria was established to categorize countries which was named the North-South Divide where First World countries were known as the North while Third World countries comprised the South.
- Let’s have a simple analogy in order to understand easily the North-South Divide. Look at these pictures. The cheetah is the fastest animal on earth, whereas the snail is the slowest animal on earth. The cheetah represents the Global North because its strength, speed and might and being the fastest. And the snail represents the Global South because it’s very slow in progress and development. That is the primary distinction between the two. Now, let us go deeper as to how and when the Global North and Global South division started?
- To fully understand, let’s check on the next picture.
- The Brandt Line was developed as a way of showing how the world was geographically split into relatively richer and poorer nations. Richer countries are almost all located in the Northern Hemisphere, Poorer countries are mostly located in tropical regions and in the Southern Hemisphere.
- The North-South Divide is clearly a socio-economic and political categorization of countries. The Cold-War-era generalization places countries in two distinct groups; The North and the South. The North is comprised of all First World countries and most Second World countries while the South is comprised of Third World countries. This categorization ignores the geographic position of countries with some countries in the southern hemisphere such as Australia and New Zealand being labeled as part of the North.
- Hence in the NORTH: Less population High Wealth High Standard of living High Industrial development More of industry While in SOUTH: Large population Low Wealth Low Standard of living Low Industrial development More on Agriculture