Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a maintenance engineering technique used to analyze materials and components for properties and faults without damaging them. Common NDT methods include visual testing, dye penetrant testing, ultrasonic testing, and radiography testing, each utilizing different technologies and approaches to detect internal or surface flaws. Ultrasonic testing, for instance, uses high-frequency sound waves for high accuracy in flaw detection and minimal preparation requirement.

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TESTING
INTRODUCTION:
It is a Non (physical, deep) Penetrating testing
techniques of the material used in the science of
maintenance engineering to determine the composition,
characteristics, properties and internal faults of the
material or working device’s components without
interfering into material or working device and their on
going work.

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 MOST COMMON METHODS OF “NDT” :
 visual testing:
 It is the most common technique which used to
see crack inside or surface ofthe material. In
classical time human eye is used as a driving
force . But now a days technologically is
growing faster so that’s why there are several
equipments used for this testing i-e.
 1.magnifying glass 2.Microscope (optical &
electronic) 3. videoscope

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Magnifying glass
VIDEOSCOPE
Microscope
(optical) Microscope (electronic)

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 Dye Penetrating testing:
 it is most commonly used “NDT” testing used
for crack at inside of the material. It is mostly
applied on the smooth surface.
 METHOD:
 There are three major liquid are used in this
testing i-e.
 1.cleaner 2. penetrator 3. developer

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1.cleaner: used for cleaning the extra material from the
required place to do test
2. penetrator: it should adhesive in nature to penetrate inside
the cracks
3. developer: it absorb the penetrator from surface but not
from pitting and erosive place just only from surface

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 ULTRA-SONIC TESTING:
 Ultrasonic Testing (UT) uses high frequency
sound energy to conduct examinations and
make measurements. Ultrasonic inspection
can be used for flaw detection/evaluation,
dimensional measurements, material
characterization, e.t.c.

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 A typical UT inspection system consists of 3
units.
 Pulser : A pulser is an electronic device that
can produce high voltage electrical pulses.
 transducer: it generates high frequency
ultrasonic energy.
 Receiver: a receiver receive signals and
displays it to on the screen

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 ADAVANTAGES OF ULTRA -SONIC
TESTING:
It is sensitive to both surface and subsurface
discontinuities.
 The depth of penetration for flaw detection or
measurement is superior to other NDT methods.
 Only single-sided access is needed when the pulse-
echo technique is used.
 It is highly accurate in determining reflector position
and estimating size and shape.
 Minimal part preparation is required.
 Electronic equipment provides instantaneous results.
 Detailed images can be produced with automated
systems.

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 RADIOGRAPHY TESTING:
 It is a method for testing hidden flaw by using
the ability of the short wave length
 (electromagnetic wave) or Photons energy

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