Nondestructive testing (NDT) is the process of inspecting, testing, or evaluating materials, components or assemblies for discontinuities, or differences in characteristics without destroying the serviceability of the part or system.
Introduction to Non Destructive Testing. Various Advantages, and also covers the 6 principal methods of Non Destructive Testing and their applications and limitations.
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) and visual inspection methods. It discusses that NDT allows inspection of materials and components without destroying them, unlike destructive testing. Visual inspection is the simplest and most common NDT method, and can be unaided or aided using tools like borescopes, microscopes, and cameras. Visual testing is used to detect surface defects and conditions and can be applied to inspect parts, equipment, and structures both during manufacturing and in-service.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) allows inspection of materials and components without damaging them. Common NDT methods include visual testing, magnetic particle inspection, dye penetrant testing, radiography, ultrasonic testing, and eddy current testing. These methods are used to detect surface or internal flaws in materials and evaluate characteristics without impairing future usefulness or serviceability. NDT plays an important role in quality control and safety across industries such as aerospace, automotive, and energy.
NDT-Nondestructive testing is the process of inspecting, testing, or evaluating materials, components or assemblies for discontinuities, or differences in characteristics without destroying the serviceability of the part or system. In other words, when the inspection or test is completed the part can still be used.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods like dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography testing are used to locate defects in metal components without damaging them. The document discusses the basic principles, procedures, advantages, limitations of these various NDT methods. It also compares ultrasonic testing and radiography testing, noting their relative capabilities in flaw detection and operational safety requirements. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of NDT for industrial inspection and maintenance.
Non destructive testing in civil engineeringMAADASWAMY U
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for assessing existing structures. It describes several NDT techniques including visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiography, and rebound hammer testing. Each method is able to detect different types of defects without damaging the material. NDT provides benefits like enabling further usage of the tested object and maintaining statistical data for future reference. Common applications of NDT include flaw detection, leak detection, and evaluating dimensions or internal structure.
Introduction to NDT and Visual Inspection Hareesh K
The document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) with a focus on visual inspection techniques. It discusses that NDT involves analyzing materials and components without damaging them to check for flaws or issues. Visual inspection is one of the most common NDT methods and can identify surface issues using the human eye or tools like borescopes, microscopes, and cameras. The document outlines different visual inspection tools and techniques for aiding inspection and enhancing perception.
This document discusses ultrasonic testing, which uses ultrasonic waves to detect flaws in materials. It describes how ultrasonic waves are reflected by changes in the material, allowing flaws to be detected. It discusses the different types of ultrasonic waves and testing methods, including pulse echo, through transmission, and resonance. It also covers transducers, couplants, displays of test results, and applications of ultrasonic testing in quality control and materials inspection.
Introduction to Non Destructive Testing. Various Advantages, and also covers the 6 principal methods of Non Destructive Testing and their applications and limitations.
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) and visual inspection methods. It discusses that NDT allows inspection of materials and components without destroying them, unlike destructive testing. Visual inspection is the simplest and most common NDT method, and can be unaided or aided using tools like borescopes, microscopes, and cameras. Visual testing is used to detect surface defects and conditions and can be applied to inspect parts, equipment, and structures both during manufacturing and in-service.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) allows inspection of materials and components without damaging them. Common NDT methods include visual testing, magnetic particle inspection, dye penetrant testing, radiography, ultrasonic testing, and eddy current testing. These methods are used to detect surface or internal flaws in materials and evaluate characteristics without impairing future usefulness or serviceability. NDT plays an important role in quality control and safety across industries such as aerospace, automotive, and energy.
NDT-Nondestructive testing is the process of inspecting, testing, or evaluating materials, components or assemblies for discontinuities, or differences in characteristics without destroying the serviceability of the part or system. In other words, when the inspection or test is completed the part can still be used.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods like dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography testing are used to locate defects in metal components without damaging them. The document discusses the basic principles, procedures, advantages, limitations of these various NDT methods. It also compares ultrasonic testing and radiography testing, noting their relative capabilities in flaw detection and operational safety requirements. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of NDT for industrial inspection and maintenance.
Non destructive testing in civil engineeringMAADASWAMY U
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for assessing existing structures. It describes several NDT techniques including visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle inspection, ultrasonic testing, radiography, and rebound hammer testing. Each method is able to detect different types of defects without damaging the material. NDT provides benefits like enabling further usage of the tested object and maintaining statistical data for future reference. Common applications of NDT include flaw detection, leak detection, and evaluating dimensions or internal structure.
Introduction to NDT and Visual Inspection Hareesh K
The document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) with a focus on visual inspection techniques. It discusses that NDT involves analyzing materials and components without damaging them to check for flaws or issues. Visual inspection is one of the most common NDT methods and can identify surface issues using the human eye or tools like borescopes, microscopes, and cameras. The document outlines different visual inspection tools and techniques for aiding inspection and enhancing perception.
This document discusses ultrasonic testing, which uses ultrasonic waves to detect flaws in materials. It describes how ultrasonic waves are reflected by changes in the material, allowing flaws to be detected. It discusses the different types of ultrasonic waves and testing methods, including pulse echo, through transmission, and resonance. It also covers transducers, couplants, displays of test results, and applications of ultrasonic testing in quality control and materials inspection.
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It begins by defining NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials without causing damage. It then lists common NDT types like visual inspection, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. For each type, it provides a brief overview of the principles and applications. The document focuses on liquid penetrant testing, describing the procedure and noting it is useful for inspecting parts like aircraft wheels and automotive pistons. It also discusses advantages of NDT like avoiding failures and ensuring safety. In conclusion, it states that NDT can save costs for facilities that implement its methods properly.
This document provides an overview of liquid penetrant inspection (LPI), a nondestructive testing method used to detect surface-breaking flaws. It discusses how LPI works by drawing colored dye into flaws via capillarity, and the basic six-step LPI process: 1) cleaning, 2) penetrant application, 3) excess penetrant removal, 4) developer application, 5) inspection, and 6) post-cleaning. The document also covers penetrant and developer materials and their properties, factors that influence the process, and advantages and limitations of LPI for nondestructive surface flaw detection.
Eddy current testing (ECT) uses electromagnetic induction to detect flaws in conductive materials. It works by inducing eddy currents in a test material using a coil producing an alternating magnetic field. Any discontinuities in the material like cracks will disrupt the eddy current flow and can be detected. ECT is used for applications like conducting inspections of heat exchanger tubes and aircraft components to detect cracks, measuring material thickness, and identifying material properties. It offers benefits like being able to inspect complex shapes and detect surface-breaking flaws with portable equipment and minimal part preparation.
This document discusses non-destructive testing methods for evaluating materials. It describes several common non-destructive testing techniques such as liquid penetrant inspection, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, x-ray testing, and visual inspection. These techniques are used to inspect materials for defects without damaging the material. The document also discusses the importance of non-destructive testing for safety, reliability, and cost savings for manufacturers.
This document discusses thermography testing as a non-destructive testing method. It describes how thermography detects infrared radiation emitted from all objects based on their temperature. Defects appear as temperature variations that can be visualized using thermal cameras. There are different thermography techniques including pulsed thermography, lock-in thermography, and vibrothermography. Pulsed thermography involves heating the material with a short pulse and observing defects. Thermography allows for rapid inspection of large areas and can detect defects like delaminations. While it is useful for many applications, it has limitations in penetrating deep within materials.
Non Destructive Testing Versus Destructive TestingMani Vannan M
Mechanical testing involves applying loads to materials to induce failure, revealing properties like tensile strength, hardness, and fatigue resistance. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods like liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing detect surface or internal flaws without damaging the part. Key differences are that NDT finds defects while mechanical testing determines properties, NDT does not apply loads that could change the material, and NDT leaves the part intact for future use.
Visual inspection is commonly used for quality control and can be manual or automated using machine vision. Manual inspection relies on human vision using light and the eyes to examine products for defects. It is applicable to many materials and can check for dimensional accuracy, discontinuities, fit and wear. Automated inspection uses machine vision systems for rapid, consistent inspection of specific component details in production applications. Both methods are affected by lighting, detector quality, data processing ability, and training level.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) allows evaluation of components without damage. Common NDT methods include liquid penetrant testing to detect surface defects, magnetic particle testing for ferromagnetic materials, ultrasonic testing for sub-surface defects using sound waves, and radiographic testing using x-rays or gamma rays to detect internal flaws. NDT saves money and time over destructive testing and is essential for quality control and safety during production and use.
This presentation was developed to provide students in industrial technology programs, such as welding, an introduction to magnetic particle testing. The material by itself is not intended to train individuals to perform NDT functions but rather to acquaint individuals with the NDT equipment and methods that they are likely to encounter in industry. More information has been included than might necessarily be required for a general introduction to the subject as some instructors have requested at least 60 minutes of material.
Introduction to Nondestructive Testing
Visual Inspection
Penetrant Testing
Radiographic Testing
Ultrasonic Testing
Eddy Current Testing
Welder Certification
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for concrete structures, including rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing, and electromagnetic cover measurement. Rebound hammer testing evaluates surface hardness to estimate compressive strength, while UPV testing examines homogeneity and presence of flaws by measuring pulse transmission speed. Electromagnetic cover measurement detects rebar location and size beneath concrete surfaces. Factors affecting test results and interpretations are also discussed. The document aims to suggest NDT methodology and evaluate structures in a non-destructive manner.
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It discusses six common NDT methods - radiography testing, ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle testing, liquid penetrant testing, visual testing, and eddy current testing. For each method, it describes the basic principles, processes, advantages, and limitations. The document is intended to educate about the various NDT techniques and their applications in evaluating materials and structures without impairing their future usefulness.
Seminar report on Non Destructive TestingSakshyam Rai
This document provides a summary of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It discusses various NDT techniques such as visual inspection, dye penetration testing, magnetic particle inspection, and ultrasonic testing. For each method, it explains the basic principles, testing procedures, advantages, and limitations. The document is a report submitted by a student to their professor on the topic of NDT, as indicated by the title and introduction. It aims to inform the reader about common NDT approaches through detailed descriptions of select techniques.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) refers to a group of analysis techniques used to evaluate materials, components, or systems without causing damage. Common NDT methods include liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, and ultrasonic testing. Liquid penetrant testing uses a dye that is drawn into surface-breaking flaws by capillary action and visualized. Magnetic particle testing magnetizes a part and uses iron particles to indicate areas of magnetic flux leakage from subsurface flaws. Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves that reflect off internal flaws and interfaces, with the reflections analyzed to detect and characterize imperfections.
Destructive & Non Destructive Testing Of MaterialsShrinivas Kale
Destructive and non-destructive testing are two types of material testing. Destructive testing involves testing specimens until failure to understand material performance under loads, while non-destructive testing evaluates material properties without damage using techniques like ultrasound, dye penetrant, and eddy current. Common destructive tests include tensile testing and impact testing, while common non-destructive tests include ultrasound, dye penetrant, eddy current, and visual inspection. Destructive testing yields more information but is more costly, while non-destructive testing allows evaluation without compromising the sample.
Eddy current testing uses a coil to generate an alternating magnetic field that induces eddy currents in a conductive test material. Interruptions in the eddy currents from defects can be detected by changes in the secondary magnetic field and fed back to the testing equipment. It is used for applications like crack detection, material thickness measurement, and coating thickness measurement due to providing immediate results on conductive materials with accessible surfaces. Limitations include being unable to inspect non-conductive materials and detect certain defect orientations.
Liquid penetrant testing is a non-destructive testing method used to reveal surface discontinuities in materials. It works by applying a penetrant that seeps into flaws, removing excess penetrant, and then using a developer to draw the penetrant out of flaws so they are visible. The general steps are surface preparation to clean the part, applying penetrant and letting it dwell, removing excess penetrant, applying developer, and inspecting under light to detect any indications of flaws. It is a sensitive method suitable for many materials but can only detect surface-breaking defects.
Nondestructive testing or Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component surface & subsurface without causing damage or effect to their future performance or properties. Non-destructive testing is used to detect abnormalities in physical, chemical or electrical characteristics.
Non destructive test in CIVIL ENGINEERING Construction SAURABH GUPTA
NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST (NDT)
SAURABH GUPTA
BLOG - http://notescivil.blogspot.in/
After this seminar you will able to answer the following
Non- destructive testing
Rebound hammer testing
Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
Cover test
methods including principle, advantages and point of action
NDT
Technique to test new or old concrete structure with respect to its strength and durability ,without or partial damage to a small part of concrete.
It doesn’t estimate ultimate or yield strength of concrete.
It is easy mechanized method, and is very cost effective , many test can be performed at the same cost of single destructive test.
No sample is required to collect for the laboratory testing as compare to some methods destructive testing
TEST
Rebound Hammer Test
Windsore Probe Testing
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
Acoustic Emission Method
Pulse Echo Method
Initial Surface Absorption Test
Radar Technique
Infrared Thermography
Quantab Test
Carbonation test
Profometer / Rebar locator
REBOUND HAMMER TEST (IS 13311 II)
Determination of strength and hardness of concrete.
ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST (IS 13311 I)
To determine the homogeneity, compatibility and cracks or void if present .
PROFOMETER / REBAR LOCATOR
Location of bar and diameter of bar
CARBONATION TEST
To estimate the amount of carbon and corrosion estimation.
To assess the likely compressive strength of concrete with help of with suitable co-relations between rebound index and compressive strength.
To assess the uniformity of concrete.
To assess the quality of concrete in relation to standard requirements.
To assess the quality of one element of concrete in relation to another
This method can be used with greater confidence for differentiating between the questionable and acceptable part of a structure or for relative comparison between two different structure.
When the plunger of rebound hammer is pressed against the surface of concrete, the spring control mass rebounds and the extent of such rebound depend upon the surface hardness of concrete, the rebound is thus related with compressive strength of concrete and the graduated scale is designated as rebound number
It Consists of spring controlled mass that slides on a plunger within a tubular housing.
The impact energy required for rebound hammer for different application is different (shown in table in next slide)
Rebound hammer is used to check –
1 Compressive strength of concrete
2 Uniformity of concrete
3 Quality of element of concrete
Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
To assess the uniformity and homogeneity of concrete.
To assess the quality of concrete in relation of standard requirement.
Detection of presence of voids, cracks & imperfection of concrete.
Measurement of changes occurring with time in the properties of concrete.
To overcome all these problems, the methods have been developed for investigation and evaluation of concrete st
Non-destructive testing (NDT) involves various techniques used to evaluate materials, components, or systems without damaging them. Common NDT methods described in the document include visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, thermography, radiography, eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, and acoustic emission testing. Each method has advantages and limitations for detecting surface or internal flaws depending on the material and component being tested. NDT plays an important role in quality control and reliability across various industries.
This document provides an introduction to non-destructive testing (NDT). It defines NDT as using noninvasive techniques to inspect materials and components without damaging them. The document outlines six common NDT methods - visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. It provides details on the basic principles, equipment, and applications of each method. The document also discusses the advantages of NDT, its various applications across industries like aviation, oil and gas, and construction, and important terminology used in NDT.
This document discusses non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It begins by defining NDT as techniques used to evaluate materials without causing damage. It then lists common NDT types like visual inspection, liquid penetrant, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing. For each type, it provides a brief overview of the principles and applications. The document focuses on liquid penetrant testing, describing the procedure and noting it is useful for inspecting parts like aircraft wheels and automotive pistons. It also discusses advantages of NDT like avoiding failures and ensuring safety. In conclusion, it states that NDT can save costs for facilities that implement its methods properly.
This document provides an overview of liquid penetrant inspection (LPI), a nondestructive testing method used to detect surface-breaking flaws. It discusses how LPI works by drawing colored dye into flaws via capillarity, and the basic six-step LPI process: 1) cleaning, 2) penetrant application, 3) excess penetrant removal, 4) developer application, 5) inspection, and 6) post-cleaning. The document also covers penetrant and developer materials and their properties, factors that influence the process, and advantages and limitations of LPI for nondestructive surface flaw detection.
Eddy current testing (ECT) uses electromagnetic induction to detect flaws in conductive materials. It works by inducing eddy currents in a test material using a coil producing an alternating magnetic field. Any discontinuities in the material like cracks will disrupt the eddy current flow and can be detected. ECT is used for applications like conducting inspections of heat exchanger tubes and aircraft components to detect cracks, measuring material thickness, and identifying material properties. It offers benefits like being able to inspect complex shapes and detect surface-breaking flaws with portable equipment and minimal part preparation.
This document discusses non-destructive testing methods for evaluating materials. It describes several common non-destructive testing techniques such as liquid penetrant inspection, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, x-ray testing, and visual inspection. These techniques are used to inspect materials for defects without damaging the material. The document also discusses the importance of non-destructive testing for safety, reliability, and cost savings for manufacturers.
This document discusses thermography testing as a non-destructive testing method. It describes how thermography detects infrared radiation emitted from all objects based on their temperature. Defects appear as temperature variations that can be visualized using thermal cameras. There are different thermography techniques including pulsed thermography, lock-in thermography, and vibrothermography. Pulsed thermography involves heating the material with a short pulse and observing defects. Thermography allows for rapid inspection of large areas and can detect defects like delaminations. While it is useful for many applications, it has limitations in penetrating deep within materials.
Non Destructive Testing Versus Destructive TestingMani Vannan M
Mechanical testing involves applying loads to materials to induce failure, revealing properties like tensile strength, hardness, and fatigue resistance. Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods like liquid penetrant, magnetic particle, ultrasonic, and radiographic testing detect surface or internal flaws without damaging the part. Key differences are that NDT finds defects while mechanical testing determines properties, NDT does not apply loads that could change the material, and NDT leaves the part intact for future use.
Visual inspection is commonly used for quality control and can be manual or automated using machine vision. Manual inspection relies on human vision using light and the eyes to examine products for defects. It is applicable to many materials and can check for dimensional accuracy, discontinuities, fit and wear. Automated inspection uses machine vision systems for rapid, consistent inspection of specific component details in production applications. Both methods are affected by lighting, detector quality, data processing ability, and training level.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) allows evaluation of components without damage. Common NDT methods include liquid penetrant testing to detect surface defects, magnetic particle testing for ferromagnetic materials, ultrasonic testing for sub-surface defects using sound waves, and radiographic testing using x-rays or gamma rays to detect internal flaws. NDT saves money and time over destructive testing and is essential for quality control and safety during production and use.
This presentation was developed to provide students in industrial technology programs, such as welding, an introduction to magnetic particle testing. The material by itself is not intended to train individuals to perform NDT functions but rather to acquaint individuals with the NDT equipment and methods that they are likely to encounter in industry. More information has been included than might necessarily be required for a general introduction to the subject as some instructors have requested at least 60 minutes of material.
Introduction to Nondestructive Testing
Visual Inspection
Penetrant Testing
Radiographic Testing
Ultrasonic Testing
Eddy Current Testing
Welder Certification
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods for concrete structures, including rebound hammer testing, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing, and electromagnetic cover measurement. Rebound hammer testing evaluates surface hardness to estimate compressive strength, while UPV testing examines homogeneity and presence of flaws by measuring pulse transmission speed. Electromagnetic cover measurement detects rebar location and size beneath concrete surfaces. Factors affecting test results and interpretations are also discussed. The document aims to suggest NDT methodology and evaluate structures in a non-destructive manner.
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It discusses six common NDT methods - radiography testing, ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle testing, liquid penetrant testing, visual testing, and eddy current testing. For each method, it describes the basic principles, processes, advantages, and limitations. The document is intended to educate about the various NDT techniques and their applications in evaluating materials and structures without impairing their future usefulness.
Seminar report on Non Destructive TestingSakshyam Rai
This document provides a summary of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It discusses various NDT techniques such as visual inspection, dye penetration testing, magnetic particle inspection, and ultrasonic testing. For each method, it explains the basic principles, testing procedures, advantages, and limitations. The document is a report submitted by a student to their professor on the topic of NDT, as indicated by the title and introduction. It aims to inform the reader about common NDT approaches through detailed descriptions of select techniques.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) refers to a group of analysis techniques used to evaluate materials, components, or systems without causing damage. Common NDT methods include liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, and ultrasonic testing. Liquid penetrant testing uses a dye that is drawn into surface-breaking flaws by capillary action and visualized. Magnetic particle testing magnetizes a part and uses iron particles to indicate areas of magnetic flux leakage from subsurface flaws. Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves that reflect off internal flaws and interfaces, with the reflections analyzed to detect and characterize imperfections.
Destructive & Non Destructive Testing Of MaterialsShrinivas Kale
Destructive and non-destructive testing are two types of material testing. Destructive testing involves testing specimens until failure to understand material performance under loads, while non-destructive testing evaluates material properties without damage using techniques like ultrasound, dye penetrant, and eddy current. Common destructive tests include tensile testing and impact testing, while common non-destructive tests include ultrasound, dye penetrant, eddy current, and visual inspection. Destructive testing yields more information but is more costly, while non-destructive testing allows evaluation without compromising the sample.
Eddy current testing uses a coil to generate an alternating magnetic field that induces eddy currents in a conductive test material. Interruptions in the eddy currents from defects can be detected by changes in the secondary magnetic field and fed back to the testing equipment. It is used for applications like crack detection, material thickness measurement, and coating thickness measurement due to providing immediate results on conductive materials with accessible surfaces. Limitations include being unable to inspect non-conductive materials and detect certain defect orientations.
Liquid penetrant testing is a non-destructive testing method used to reveal surface discontinuities in materials. It works by applying a penetrant that seeps into flaws, removing excess penetrant, and then using a developer to draw the penetrant out of flaws so they are visible. The general steps are surface preparation to clean the part, applying penetrant and letting it dwell, removing excess penetrant, applying developer, and inspecting under light to detect any indications of flaws. It is a sensitive method suitable for many materials but can only detect surface-breaking defects.
Nondestructive testing or Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a wide group of analysis techniques used in science and industry to evaluate the properties of a material, component surface & subsurface without causing damage or effect to their future performance or properties. Non-destructive testing is used to detect abnormalities in physical, chemical or electrical characteristics.
Non destructive test in CIVIL ENGINEERING Construction SAURABH GUPTA
NON DESTRUCTIVE TEST (NDT)
SAURABH GUPTA
BLOG - http://notescivil.blogspot.in/
After this seminar you will able to answer the following
Non- destructive testing
Rebound hammer testing
Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
Cover test
methods including principle, advantages and point of action
NDT
Technique to test new or old concrete structure with respect to its strength and durability ,without or partial damage to a small part of concrete.
It doesn’t estimate ultimate or yield strength of concrete.
It is easy mechanized method, and is very cost effective , many test can be performed at the same cost of single destructive test.
No sample is required to collect for the laboratory testing as compare to some methods destructive testing
TEST
Rebound Hammer Test
Windsore Probe Testing
Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test
Acoustic Emission Method
Pulse Echo Method
Initial Surface Absorption Test
Radar Technique
Infrared Thermography
Quantab Test
Carbonation test
Profometer / Rebar locator
REBOUND HAMMER TEST (IS 13311 II)
Determination of strength and hardness of concrete.
ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST (IS 13311 I)
To determine the homogeneity, compatibility and cracks or void if present .
PROFOMETER / REBAR LOCATOR
Location of bar and diameter of bar
CARBONATION TEST
To estimate the amount of carbon and corrosion estimation.
To assess the likely compressive strength of concrete with help of with suitable co-relations between rebound index and compressive strength.
To assess the uniformity of concrete.
To assess the quality of concrete in relation to standard requirements.
To assess the quality of one element of concrete in relation to another
This method can be used with greater confidence for differentiating between the questionable and acceptable part of a structure or for relative comparison between two different structure.
When the plunger of rebound hammer is pressed against the surface of concrete, the spring control mass rebounds and the extent of such rebound depend upon the surface hardness of concrete, the rebound is thus related with compressive strength of concrete and the graduated scale is designated as rebound number
It Consists of spring controlled mass that slides on a plunger within a tubular housing.
The impact energy required for rebound hammer for different application is different (shown in table in next slide)
Rebound hammer is used to check –
1 Compressive strength of concrete
2 Uniformity of concrete
3 Quality of element of concrete
Ultrasonic pulse velocity test
To assess the uniformity and homogeneity of concrete.
To assess the quality of concrete in relation of standard requirement.
Detection of presence of voids, cracks & imperfection of concrete.
Measurement of changes occurring with time in the properties of concrete.
To overcome all these problems, the methods have been developed for investigation and evaluation of concrete st
Non-destructive testing (NDT) involves various techniques used to evaluate materials, components, or systems without damaging them. Common NDT methods described in the document include visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, thermography, radiography, eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, and acoustic emission testing. Each method has advantages and limitations for detecting surface or internal flaws depending on the material and component being tested. NDT plays an important role in quality control and reliability across various industries.
This document provides an introduction to non-destructive testing (NDT). It defines NDT as using noninvasive techniques to inspect materials and components without damaging them. The document outlines six common NDT methods - visual testing, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. It provides details on the basic principles, equipment, and applications of each method. The document also discusses the advantages of NDT, its various applications across industries like aviation, oil and gas, and construction, and important terminology used in NDT.
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) methods. It describes six common NDT methods - visual inspection, liquid penetrant inspection, magnetic particle inspection, radiography, eddy current testing, and ultrasonic inspection. For each method it explains the basic principles, advantages, limitations and applications for inspecting materials and detecting flaws without causing damage. NDT methods are used at various stages of production and service to evaluate integrity and detect issues in a wide range of industries.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) involves analyzing materials or components without damaging them. Common NDT methods described in the document include visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, ultrasonic testing, and radiography. These methods are used to inspect materials and components for flaws or defects in various industries such as manufacturing, aerospace, and oil and gas. NDT techniques allow for inspection without compromising the integrity of the tested item.
Non-destructive testing (NDT) involves inspecting materials and components for defects without damaging them. The document discusses several NDT methods. Visual testing uses the human eye with or without aids to detect surface issues. Magnetic particle testing uses magnetism to find surface and subsurface flaws in ferrous metals. Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves to locate internal defects. Radiography testing exposes components to x-rays or gamma rays; differences in material thickness or density appear on the radiographic film, indicating flaws. The document provides details on how each method works and its applications.
This document provides an overview of non-destructive testing (NDT) and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods. It defines NDT as noninvasive testing techniques used to determine the integrity of components without damaging them. Six common NDT methods are described: visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, eddy current testing, ultrasonic testing, and radiography. A variety of industrial applications are discussed where NDT is used, such as inspecting aircraft, pipelines, bridges and more.
- There are two main types of testing methods: destructive testing which damages the material, and non-destructive testing which does not affect the material.
- Common non-destructive testing methods include visual inspection, liquid penetration, magnetic particle testing, eddy current testing, radiography, and ultrasonic testing.
- The goal of non-destructive testing is to determine integrity, detect flaws, measure dimensions, and characterize materials and structures without harming the test sample.
This document provides an introduction to nondestructive testing (NDT) including common NDT methods and applications. It discusses the five most common NDT methods - visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, and radiography. It then describes examples of how NDT is used to inspect aircraft, bridges, pipelines, storage tanks, and other industrial components and structures to detect flaws and ensure integrity without causing damage.
NDT Versus Mechanical testing, Overview of the Non Destructive Testing Methods for the detection of manufacturing defects as well as material characterisation. Relative merits and limitations, Various physical characteristics of materials and their applications in NDT., Visual inspection – Unaided and aided
Ultrasonic testing uses high frequency sound waves to detect surface and subsurface defects. It can be used to inspect thick sections non-destructively. There are different modes of wave propagation including longitudinal, transverse, surface waves and Lamb waves. Factors like frequency, penetration depth and scattering affect ultrasonic testing. It is widely used in manufacturing and service industries to inspect welds and structural metals.
Introduction to the non destructive testing explains the methods for evaluating and verifying many types of Materials as plastics, structures, metals, chemicals, leakage, physical properties. It's very used in the concrete engineering world and in the scientific world.
NDT is a group of analysis techniques used to evaluate materials, components, or systems without damaging them. Some common NDT methods include dye penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography testing. NDT is useful for detecting internal and surface flaws in materials and components, evaluating assemblies and systems, validating integrity and reliability, and maintaining safety. It allows for inspection and evaluation to take place without destroying the sample being analyzed.
This document provides an overview of nondestructive testing (NDT) methods. It defines NDT as using noninvasive techniques to inspect materials without causing harm. It then describes the six most common NDT methods - visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. Finally, it provides examples of how NDT is used to inspect aircraft, bridges, pipelines, and other structures and components.
NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING TECHNIQUES ARE USEFUL FOR FINDING DEFECTS LIKE CRACKS,POROSITY,FLAWS,BLOWHOLES IN MATERIALS WITHOUT DESTRUCTING COMPONENT. IT IS ALSO USEFUL FOR TAKING DECISIONS RELATED TO QUALITY OF MATERIAL OR PRODUCT. Non destructive testing includes study and testing of components by various methods such as dye penetration test, eddy current test, magnetic particle test, ndt, radiography test, ultrasonic test.
This document provides an introduction to nondestructive testing (NDT) including common NDT methods and applications. It defines NDT as using noninvasive techniques to determine the integrity of a material or structure without causing harm. The six most common NDT methods are described as visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography. NDT is used across many industries to inspect materials and components during various stages including manufacturing, in-service, and for defect detection. Common applications include inspecting aircraft, pipelines, bridges, and pressure vessels.
Introduction to non destructive testingTaral Soliya
This document provides an introduction to nondestructive testing (NDT) including common NDT methods and their applications. It defines NDT as using noninvasive techniques to determine the integrity of a material or structure without causing harm. The six most common NDT methods are described as visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, radiography, ultrasonic testing, and eddy current testing. NDT is used across many industries to inspect materials and components during manufacturing and to detect in-service damage in areas such as aircraft, pipelines, bridges and pressure vessels to ensure safety and prevent failures.
Material Testing, Machines And Equipment Requirementsamrutaware2
This document discusses material testing methods for construction materials. It describes both destructive and non-destructive testing methods. Destructive methods like tensile, compression, and hardness tests are used to determine properties like strength and flexibility. Non-destructive methods like ultrasonic, magnetic particle, and dye penetrant tests can find internal and surface flaws without damaging the material. Proper material testing is important to ensure construction materials can withstand forces and provide long-lasting, safe structures.
The document discusses material testing methods used to evaluate the quality and properties of construction materials. It describes various destructive and non-destructive tests performed on materials like cement, steel, concrete and aggregates. Destructive tests mentioned include tensile tests, compression tests, hardness tests and impact tests. Non-destructive tests discussed are magnetic particle inspection, dye penetrant, ultrasonic, radiography and polariscope tests. The document also outlines different types of testing machines used to conduct the tests like compression, universal, flexural and hardness testing machines.
This document provides an introduction to nondestructive testing (NDT) by defining NDT, describing the six most common NDT methods (visual inspection, liquid penetrant testing, magnetic particle testing, ultrasonic testing, eddy current testing, and radiography), and giving examples of common NDT applications in various industries. NDT allows inspection or measurement of materials, components, and structures without causing damage and is used across industries for applications like flaw detection, leak detection, and dimensional measurements.
Packing density is new kind of mix design method used to design different types of concrete. To
optimize the particle packing density of concrete, the particles should be selected to fill up the voids between
large particles with smaller particles and so on, in order to obtain a dense and stiff particle structure.
Seismic retrofitting is a collection mitigation technique for earthquake engineering.
It is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquake.
It is of utmost important for historic monuments, areas prone to severe earthquakes and tall or
expensive structures.
The retrofitting techniques are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes and severe winds from thunderstorms.
Retrofitting proves to be a better economic consideration and immediate shelter to problems
rather than replacement of building.
IOT SENSORS: A KEY ELEMENT TO CHANGE THE FUTURE OF STRUCTURAL HEALTH MONITO...PRAVEEN KUMAR YADAV
This document summarizes a paper on using IoT sensors for structural health monitoring. It introduces structural health monitoring and how IoT sensors can benefit the process by enabling real-time monitoring. It discusses two case studies that implemented IoT sensor networks to monitor large structures: a freeway interchange in Montreal and the Great Mosque of Mecca. The case studies demonstrated how IoT sensors can help identify damage, vibrations, and structural shifts. The document also reviews literature on previous IoT-based structural health monitoring systems and frameworks.
Piezoelectric Sensor as Smart Material in structural Health MonitoringPRAVEEN KUMAR YADAV
Piezoelectric sensors are smart materials that can be used in concrete structures for structural health monitoring. They possess both sensor and actuator characteristics. When mechanical stress is applied, piezoelectric materials generate an electrical potential. They were discovered in 1880 and common forms include quartz, lithium niobate, and lead zirconate titanate. Piezoelectric sensors can be installed in concrete either by bonding to surfaces or embedding during construction. In structures, they play key roles in determining damage location and severity to predict remaining service life. Benefits include enabling autonomous monitoring while limitations include small sensing areas and complex data processing. Future applications include post-earthquake damage detection in various infrastructure.
The document describes two non-destructive testing techniques: liquid penetrant testing and acoustic emission testing. Liquid penetrant testing uses a low-viscosity liquid applied to the test material's surface to seep into surface-breaking defects, then a developer pulls the liquid out to reveal indications of flaws. Acoustic emission testing passively detects ultrasonic bursts from cracks under load using sensors, allowing detection and location of damage as it occurs. Both methods are used to inspect for issues like cracks in a variety of industrial applications with certain advantages and limitations.
This document discusses structural health monitoring (SHM). It defines SHM as monitoring the health of engineering structures to detect damage. The key steps in SHM are data acquisition using sensors, feature extraction from the sensor data, and statistical modeling to detect damage. SHM can be used to enhance structural performance, monitor structures affected by external factors, and improve future designs. Vibration-based SHM techniques analyze changes in frequencies, mode shapes or responses over time. Model-based techniques use finite element models while data-based techniques use statistical models to identify damage from sensor data without physical models. Uncertainties remain in modeling, environmental effects, and non-unique solutions which are areas of ongoing research. Case studies demonstrate using SHM
Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
Fuel Cells: Introduction- importance and classification of fuel cells - description, principle, components, applications of fuel cells: H2-O2 fuel cell, alkaline fuel cell, molten carbonate fuel cell and direct methanol fuel cells.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning an...gerogepatton
International Conference on NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Applications (NLAIM 2024) offers a premier global platform for exchanging insights and findings in the theory, methodology, and applications of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their applications. The conference seeks substantial contributions across all key domains of NLP, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and their practical applications, aiming to foster both theoretical advancements and real-world implementations. With a focus on facilitating collaboration between researchers and practitioners from academia and industry, the conference serves as a nexus for sharing the latest developments in the field.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Optimizing Gradle Builds - Gradle DPE Tour Berlin 2024Sinan KOZAK
Sinan from the Delivery Hero mobile infrastructure engineering team shares a deep dive into performance acceleration with Gradle build cache optimizations. Sinan shares their journey into solving complex build-cache problems that affect Gradle builds. By understanding the challenges and solutions found in our journey, we aim to demonstrate the possibilities for faster builds. The case study reveals how overlapping outputs and cache misconfigurations led to significant increases in build times, especially as the project scaled up with numerous modules using Paparazzi tests. The journey from diagnosing to defeating cache issues offers invaluable lessons on maintaining cache integrity without sacrificing functionality.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
2. NEED FOR TESTING :
material
• Monitoring long-term changes in
properties and structural performance.
• To check for the workmanship.
• For remedial schemes and repairs.
• To check for design specification.
4. DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
• Destructive testing (DT) is a form of object analysis.
• Involves applying a test to break down a particular
material/sample.
• It determine its physical properties, such as the mechanical
properties of strength, toughness, flexibility, and hardness.
• Examples:- Compression Testing, Flexural Testing ,
Crushing Strength etc.
5. NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
• NDT is cost effective & reliable technique to evaluate
properties of a material, component, structure or
system for characteristic defects and discontinuities
analysis without causing damage to the original part.
• The quality of product in the field is checked by non-
destructive methods.
• Examples:- Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity, Rebound
Hammer, Carbonation etc.
6. SEMI/PARTIAL DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
• The semi-destructive testing of concrete is that, under
the prerequisite that the bearing capacity of the
structure to be tested is subjected to no affection.
• partial destructive testing is directly made on the
structural concrete or, the characteristic strength as the
testing result can be transformed directly from the
measurements of the sample.
• Examples:- Core Sampling Method, Extracting Method,
Separating Method, Shooting Method etc.
7. IMPORTANCE OF NDT
• To accident prevention and to reduce cost
• For routine or periodic determination of quality of the
plants and structures during service.
• To determine acceptance to a given requirement
• To give information on repair criteria
• To ensure the safety of operation
• To control manufacturing processes and lower
manufacturing costs.
8. Advantages of NDT :
Reusable
Safe
Accurate
Cost effective
Quality control
8
10. MARKET OF NDT
• NDT Market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 3.5% to reach
the worth $1720.96 Million by 2020.
• Major Revenue Generating Regions –U.S. And Europe.
• Latin America and Asia-Pacific are emerging market.
• Brazil, India and China have immense growth potential for
NDT.
11. • Visual Testing
• Ultrasonic Testing
• Rebound Hammer Test
• Acoustic Emission Testing
• Corrosion Assessment Test
• Carbonation Test.
• Bar Locater and Cover Meter
• Liquid Penetrant Testing
• Electro-Magnetic Testing
• Thermography Testing
• Radiograph testing
NDT TESTING METHODS
8
12. • Visual testing also known as visual inspection or Optical testing is one of the
most common techniques which involve the operator looking at the test piece.
• This can be aided by the use of optical instruments such as magnifying
glasses or computer assisted systems (known as “Remote viewing”)
• This method allows for the detection of corrosion,misalignment, damage,
cracks and more…
• Visual testing is inherentin most other types of NDT as they will generally
require an operator to look for defects.
VISUAL TESTING
13. PRINCIPLE :
• The basic procedure used in visual NDT involves illumination of test specimen
with light, usually in the visible region.
• The specimen is then examined with eye or by light sensitive device such as photo
cells. The surface of the specimen should be adequately cleaned before being
inspected.
Environment for Visual Inspection :
• Inspection must take place in a clean, comfortable environment with adequate
lighting. Lighting is very important and can greatly affect the results.
• It included natural daylight, Bright sunlight and Artificial light.
VISUAL TESTING
14. Types of Visual Inspection :
Unaided Visual Inspection
Aided Visual Inspection
(a) Unaided Visual Inspection : It is also known as direct visual inspection.It can be
accomplished with the help of naked eye. It can do without the help of optical aids.
Defects can be detected are : Absence of cracks, Corrosion layer, Surface porosity,
Misalignment of mated parts.
Aids of Unaided Visual Inspection : THE EYE – Human eye the most valuable NDT tool.
Sensitivity of the human eye varies according to the light source.
Human eye has an excellent visual perception. Yellow green light of wavelength 5560oA is the
most suitable light for human eye at normal condition.
VISUAL TESTING
15. • It is also known as indirect visual inspection. It can do with the help of optical
aids.
Ex: Videoscope, Advanced videoscope, Borescopes, Microscope, Magnifying
glass.
Types of aided viewing is :
(i) Direct viewing – Viewing of an object in the operators immediate presence.
This can be unaided or by using equipment.
(ii) Remote viewing – Viewing of an object not in the operators immediate
presence. This can only be done using special equipment.
(b)Aided VisualInspection
16. The commonly using visual aids are,
Magnifying glass,Fillet weld gauge,Microscope, Computer equipment (remote viewing), Illuminated
magnifier, Holography,Borescope,Magnifying mirrors, Periscope,Endoscope.
17. MATERIAL FACTORS THATAFFECT VISUAL TESTING
Surface
condition
Cleanliness
Colour
Texture
Physical conditions
Specimen
condition
Shape and size
Temperature
VISUAL TESTING
Environmental factors
Atmosphere
Humidity and
temperature Safety
Physiological factors
Physical comfort
Health, mental attitude,
fatigue and test item position
18. Advantages :
Simple method to perform
Examination can be performed
quickly
Low cost method
Minimal training
Minimal equipment
Speed, Field mobility
Applicability to irregular shapes
VISUAL TESTING
Disadvantages :
Inspector training necessary
Good eyesight required (or) eyesight corrected to
20/40
Can miss internal defects
Report must be recorded by inspector
Open to human error
Visual testing is sometimes limited to component
geometry: Size, contour, surface roughness,
complexity, and discontinuity orientation
Applications :
• Examining the surface condition of a
component
• Examining alignment of mating surfaces
• Checking presence of leaks
19. ULTRASONIC PULSE VELOCITY TEST
• used to assess the quality and strength of in-
situ concrete in structural members.
• used to check the compaction of concrete,
uniformity of concrete, determination of
cracks, presence ofhoneycombs, level of
deterioration and also strength estimation
(qualitatively).
20. PUNDIT (Portable Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Digital
Indicating Tester)
• Consists of a pair of transducers (probes) of
different frequencies, electrical pulse generator,
electrical timing device and cables.
• It is based on the through-transmission technique.
21. Portable Ultrasonic Nondestructive Digital
Indicative Technique (PUNDIT)
Size: 180 X 110 X 160mm
Weight: 3kg
Digital display with Accuracy ±0.1 microseconds
22. METHODS OF TESTING :
1. Direct transmission
2. Indirect transmission
3. Semi-direct transmission
23. DIRECT TRANSMISSION :
• Pulse velocity will be measured in concrete by
placing transducers across the member exactly
opposite to each other.
• This is the most appropriate & reliable method of
testing to ascertain the quality / strength of
concrete.
26. INDIRECT TRANSMISSION :
• Pulse velocity will be measured in concrete by placing
transducers on the same plane of members.
• This is the least reliable method of testing to ascertain
the quality / strength of concrete. This method will be
adopted only when there is no other option.
28. SEMI-DIRECT TRANSMISSION :
• Pulse velocity will be measured in concrete by placing
transducers in planes perpendicular to each other.
• This is a moderately reliable method of testing to
ascertain the quality / strength of concrete.
30. Method of calculation of pulse velocity :
Velocity = (Distance travelled / Path length)
Time taken
Pulse Velocity in concrete will be represented
in Km/sec.
Appropriate correction factors to be applied
depending on site condition & factors
influencing velocity of pulse.
31. Pulse Velocity
(kM/sec)
Below 3.0
3.1 to 3.5
3.5 to 4.5
Above 4.5
Concrete Quality
Grading (as per IS:13311
(Part-1)-1992)
Doubtful
Medium
Good
Excellent
QUALITY GRADING CHART :
32. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE VELOCITY
OF PULSE IN CONCRETE :
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Type & content of cement
Influence of reinforcement
Use of admixtures
Type & size of aggregates
Homogeneity & density of concrete
Age of concrete
Presence of voids / cavities in concrete
Cracks in concrete
Curing of concrete, etc.,
33. •
•
•
•
•
Measurement of concrete uniformity Detection
of cracking and honeycombing Strength
estimation
Assessment of concrete deterioration
Measurement of layer thickness
Measurement of elastic modulus
Strength development monitoring.
APPLICATIONS :
34. REBOUND HAMMER TEST :
• It is a quick method for assessing the quality of
concrete based on surface hardness indicated by the
Rebound number.
• An higher rebound value indicates the higher
strength / surface hardness of concrete.
• This equipment works based on the spring
controlled hammer slides on a plunger within a
tubular housing.
37. METHODS OF TESTING :
Depending on the position of the rebound hammer
1. Horizontal
2. Vertically upwards
3. Vertically downwards
4. Inclined vertical upwards
5. Inclined vertical downwards
40. METHOD OF CALCULATION :
•Average rebound number will be calculated
after exclusion of freak values and applying
necessary correction factor for position of
Rebound Hammer.
•To evaluate the strength of concrete based on the
rebound numbers, an appropriate calibration chart
shall be established based on the laboratory tests.
41.
42. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
The rebound reading on the indicator scale has been
calibrated by the manufacturer of the rebound hammer for
horizontal impact.
43. FACTORS AFFECTING THE REBOUND
HAMMER TEST RESULTS :
Mix characteristics
(a) Cement type
(b) Cement content
(c) Coarse aggregate type.
Member characteristics
(a) Mass
(b) Compaction
(c) Surface type
(d) Rate of hardening and curing type