surfactant, also called surface-active agent, substance such as a detergent that, when added to a liquid, reduces its surface tension, thereby increasing its spreading and wetting properties. Surfactants are termed as surface-active agents also wetting agents, emulsifying agents or suspending agents depending on its properties and use. Surfactants are compounds that lower the surface tension between two liquids, between a gas & liquids, or between a liquid & a solid.