This document provides an overview of network fundamentals and components. It defines a network as a system that links computers together to share data and resources. Networks have evolved from early local area networks within a single building to modern wide area networks that span the globe. Networks allow sharing of information, hardware, security, and backup files between connected computers. Key components of networks include network interface cards, networking media like cables, and network devices that control traffic flow.

1. Chapter 1
Network Fundamentals
Networking Fundamentals and Media Services (NMS)

2. Network
 A system in which a number of computers are linked
together to share data and peripherals
Resources
Hard disks, printers, internet
connection, etc

3. Evolution of Networks
Local Area Metropolitan Wide Area
Connect 2
Sneakernet Network Area Network Network
computers
(LAN) (MAN) (WAN)
• Hand carry thumb • Computers • Computers • Computers
drive / disk interconnected interconnected interconnected
within a building within several around the world
buildings

4. Why network?
 Share information or data
 Share hardware or
software Sharing information or data
 Increase security • Documents
• Videos & audio files
 Backup files • Calendar schedule
• Social media
 Share internet connection
 Play multiplayer games

5. Network security
 Logging out if you will be away from your workstation for
more than 15 minutes
 Using unusual passwords (containing letters, number and
special characters) and changing them regularly
 Using deceptive filenames for sensitive data
 Conducting audit trial to track network activities

6. Intranet vs Internet
Intranet
 Network to make information available to employees on the
company’s internal network
Internet
 World-wide network of computers accessible to anyone who
knows their Internet Protocol (IP) address - the IP address is a
unique set of numbers (such as 209.33.27.100) that defines
the computer's location.

7. Backup
 A file server is a computer
responsible for the storage
and management of data in a
central location.

8. Components of LAN
 Computers
Hosts
 Peripherals (Shared Resources)
 Network Interface Card (NIC)
 Networking media –> how the hosts communicate
 Network traffic control or Network Communication devices

9. Components of LAN

10. Network Interface Card (NIC)
 A printed circuit board (PCB) that fits into
the expansion slot or integrated into the
mother board
 Also called network adapter
 Adapt the host device to the network
medium
 Unique Media Access Control (MAC)
address

11. Networking Media
 Coaxial cable
 Fiber Optic cable
 Free space
 Copper cable

12. Networking Media
 Coaxial cable

13. Networking Media
 Fiber Optical cable

14. Networking Media
 Copper cable



Pairs with different
twist rates to reduce
crosstalk
RJ45
(Registered Jack )

15. Network traffic control or Network
Communication devices
 Repeater – amplifies the electrical signals and resends the data,
single port “in” and single port “out”
 Hub – may be 4, 8, 12, 16 or 24 ports
 Passive: just split the signal for multiple hosts
 Active: multi-port repeater, extend a cable length
 Bridge – filter traffic between two LAN segment using MAC
address
 Switch – multi-port bridge
 Difference between Hub and Switch?
 Router – direct traffic from one network to another (path selection
and switching of packets) using IP address

16. Symbols
Another network or
the whole internet

17. Q&A

18.  Work in groups of 1-3
students
 Create a mindmap of this
topic
 Prize for the best mindmap
Exercise 1 - mindmap
Chapter 1