Networks can be classified in two main ways - by geography and by component roles. By geography, networks include personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). By component roles, they include peer-to-peer networks, server-based networks, and client-server networks. The document provides details on each type of network classification.
This document provides an overview of computer communication networks. It discusses what a computer network is, the advantages of computer networks like sharing resources and files, and the communication cycle involved. It also covers some key aspects of computer networks like performance, reliability, security, and the goals of sharing resources, high reliability, and cost savings. The document summarizes different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also discusses transmission modes in computer networks like simplex, half duplex, and full duplex modes.
This document provides a summary of general approaches to communication within a network, classifications of networks, and modern networking technologies. It discusses peer-to-peer and client-server models, defines local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also outlines current technologies including software defined networking, multi-cloud, edge computing, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, and 5G networks.
Computer Networks: Evolution of Computer Networks.pptxVishwaTej10
The document summarizes the evolution of computer networking from early networks like ARPANET in 1969 to the modern Internet. It discusses key concepts like distributed processing, network criteria of performance, reliability and security. It also covers network transmission technologies including unicast, broadcast and multicast. Different types of networks are defined, from local area networks (LANs) to wide area networks (WANs). Common network devices like hubs, switches and routers are also explained.
A computer network connects two or more computers to allow people to share files, peripherals, and communication. It requires at least two devices with network interface cards, a connection medium like cables, and network software. Networks can be local area networks within a building, metropolitan area networks within a city, or wide area networks combining multiple local networks over long distances using services like the internet. The internet itself is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that allows for communication services globally.
This document provides an overview of a computer network course, including its outcomes, chapters, and key concepts. The first chapter covers fundamentals of computer networks, including definitions of networks and computer networks, and the need for and applications of computer networks. It also discusses advantages of computer networks and classifications based on geographical area and transmission technology. Network computing models like peer-to-peer, client-server, and distributed systems are defined along with their characteristics. The roles and functions of network operating systems are outlined.
Computer networks allow interconnected devices to communicate. They have advantages like resource sharing and cost savings but also disadvantages such as reduced productivity if poorly managed or servers fail. Early networks included ARPANET in 1969 and NSFNET in the 1980s, leading to the modern Internet. Networks transmit data via circuits, packets, or messages using techniques like circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Components include nodes, servers, clients, hardware, software and communication channels. Networks can be LANs, MANs, WANs or PANs depending on their area of coverage. Wired networks use media like twisted pair, coaxial or fiber optic cables while wireless uses radio waves.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines a network as consisting of two or more connected computers that can share resources and information. Networks allow sharing of hardware, software, files and administration. There are different types of networks classified by transmission medium (wired vs wireless), size (LAN, WAN, MAN), management (peer-to-peer, client/server), and topology. Common transmission media are twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. Local area networks connect computers within a building while wide area networks connect locations further apart like across cities. Protocols like TCP/IP and domains names are used to transmit data packets across interconnected networks.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and the Internet. It defines a computer network as a collection of connected computing devices that share resources. The main advantages are sharing devices and files, communication capabilities, and centralized data backup. Challenges include high setup costs and risk of viruses or hacking. It describes common network models like client-server, and different types of networks by transmission range. The Internet is defined as a global network of networks using TCP/IP that links billions of devices worldwide. Key components that enable the Internet include backbone networks, ISPs, packet switching, and TCP and IP protocols.
This document provides an overview of computer communication networks. It discusses what a computer network is, the advantages of computer networks like sharing resources and files, and the communication cycle involved. It also covers some key aspects of computer networks like performance, reliability, security, and the goals of sharing resources, high reliability, and cost savings. The document summarizes different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also discusses transmission modes in computer networks like simplex, half duplex, and full duplex modes.
This document provides a summary of general approaches to communication within a network, classifications of networks, and modern networking technologies. It discusses peer-to-peer and client-server models, defines local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also outlines current technologies including software defined networking, multi-cloud, edge computing, the internet of things, artificial intelligence, and 5G networks.
Computer Networks: Evolution of Computer Networks.pptxVishwaTej10
The document summarizes the evolution of computer networking from early networks like ARPANET in 1969 to the modern Internet. It discusses key concepts like distributed processing, network criteria of performance, reliability and security. It also covers network transmission technologies including unicast, broadcast and multicast. Different types of networks are defined, from local area networks (LANs) to wide area networks (WANs). Common network devices like hubs, switches and routers are also explained.
A computer network connects two or more computers to allow people to share files, peripherals, and communication. It requires at least two devices with network interface cards, a connection medium like cables, and network software. Networks can be local area networks within a building, metropolitan area networks within a city, or wide area networks combining multiple local networks over long distances using services like the internet. The internet itself is a worldwide system of interconnected computer networks that allows for communication services globally.
This document provides an overview of a computer network course, including its outcomes, chapters, and key concepts. The first chapter covers fundamentals of computer networks, including definitions of networks and computer networks, and the need for and applications of computer networks. It also discusses advantages of computer networks and classifications based on geographical area and transmission technology. Network computing models like peer-to-peer, client-server, and distributed systems are defined along with their characteristics. The roles and functions of network operating systems are outlined.
Computer networks allow interconnected devices to communicate. They have advantages like resource sharing and cost savings but also disadvantages such as reduced productivity if poorly managed or servers fail. Early networks included ARPANET in 1969 and NSFNET in the 1980s, leading to the modern Internet. Networks transmit data via circuits, packets, or messages using techniques like circuit switching, packet switching, and message switching. Components include nodes, servers, clients, hardware, software and communication channels. Networks can be LANs, MANs, WANs or PANs depending on their area of coverage. Wired networks use media like twisted pair, coaxial or fiber optic cables while wireless uses radio waves.
This document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines a network as consisting of two or more connected computers that can share resources and information. Networks allow sharing of hardware, software, files and administration. There are different types of networks classified by transmission medium (wired vs wireless), size (LAN, WAN, MAN), management (peer-to-peer, client/server), and topology. Common transmission media are twisted pair cables, coaxial cables, and fiber optic cables. Local area networks connect computers within a building while wide area networks connect locations further apart like across cities. Protocols like TCP/IP and domains names are used to transmit data packets across interconnected networks.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and the Internet. It defines a computer network as a collection of connected computing devices that share resources. The main advantages are sharing devices and files, communication capabilities, and centralized data backup. Challenges include high setup costs and risk of viruses or hacking. It describes common network models like client-server, and different types of networks by transmission range. The Internet is defined as a global network of networks using TCP/IP that links billions of devices worldwide. Key components that enable the Internet include backbone networks, ISPs, packet switching, and TCP and IP protocols.
Distributed Systems - Information TechnologySagar Mehta
Distributed systems rely on underlying computer networks for communication. The performance, reliability, scalability, mobility, and quality of service of these networks impact distributed system design. Networks are built using transmission media and hardware like routers and switches. They operate using principles such as protocol layering, packet switching, routing, and data streaming. Different network types include personal area networks, local area networks, wide area networks, and wireless variants of these.
Data communication involves the exchange of data between two or more parties through various means such as writing, talking, images, and electronic communication like emails and calls. An effective data communication model includes a source that generates data, a transmitter that converts it into signals, a transmission system that carries the data, a receiver that converts it back into data, and a destination that receives the incoming data. Computer networks allow for sharing of resources like files, printers, and applications between connected computers. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh configurations that determine how the connected computers are physically laid out and communicate with each other.
The document provides information about computer networks including definitions of LANs and WANs. It discusses the hardware required for LANs including file servers, terminals, and print servers connected via cables. WANs require additional hardware like modems to connect over telephone lines. The document also describes the three main LAN topologies - star, ring and bus - and their advantages and disadvantages. It provides examples of common network devices like hubs, switches, bridges and routers.
This document provides an overview of basic computer network concepts. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. It describes common network applications like sharing printers, software, databases and exchanging information. It also outlines components of a network like servers, workstations, network interface cards, hubs and transmission channels. Additionally, it discusses different types of networks including LAN, WAN and MAN and various network topologies such as bus, star and ring configurations.
UNIT 4 computer networking powerpoint presentation .pdfshubhangisonawane6
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It defines a computer network as multiple computers connected together to share information and resources. The document discusses different types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN and internetworks. It describes key network features like performance, reliability, security and expandability. The document also covers network topologies, advantages and disadvantages of networks, and provides examples of mesh, star, tree and bus topologies.
A computer network is composed of end devices, network media, and intermediary devices connected together. The number of computers that can be connected depends on the type of network, which is classified by geographical size as a personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN), campus area network (CAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), wide area network (WAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), or peer-to-peer network. In a client/server network, servers provide centralized services and resources to client devices, while in a peer-to-peer network all devices can act as both clients and servers sharing resources directly.
The document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines a computer network as an interconnection between two or more computing devices using wired or wireless media for resource sharing or communication. The document discusses different types of networks including personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers common network topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. The document defines key networking concepts such as IP addresses, network classes, and differences between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing schemes.
This document provides an overview of computer networking. It defines a network as a group of interconnected computers that share resources through communication links. It discusses the development of early networks like ARPANET and defines a computer network. It describes applications of networks like resource sharing, communication, and information sharing. It also categorizes networks based on area into LAN, MAN, WAN, and PAN and discusses characteristics of each. Additionally, it outlines hardware used in networks like NICs, routers, switches and modems. Finally, it differentiates between peer-to-peer and client-server networks.
The document discusses various concepts related to computer networks including definitions, applications, components, benefits, disadvantages, and classifications. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to facilitate communication and sharing of resources. The key components are computers, communication media, network interface cards, and software. Networks provide benefits like hardware and software sharing, increased speed, and reduced costs. They can be classified based on geography into personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). Networks can also be peer-to-peer, with each computer maintaining its own resources, or client-server, with certain computers acting as centralized servers.
This document discusses computer networks and their components. It describes the principles of networking and different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and wireless LANs. The document also discusses peer-to-peer and client/server network models, bandwidth, modes of data transmission, internet protocols, and physical network components like cables, hubs, switches, and routers.
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals including defining computer networks, types of networks like peer-to-peer and client/server, local and wide area networks, network interface cards, physical components like cabling and devices, and network architectures like Ethernet and Token Ring. Key points covered include how networks allow file sharing, printing, and communication between devices, examples of networking media and common devices, and standards for networking protocols and architectures.
A computer network connects computing devices through communication channels to facilitate sharing of resources and information among users. There are different types of networks including local area networks (LANs) which connect devices within a small geographic area like a building, wide area networks (WANs) that connect LANs across large areas like cities and countries, and metropolitan area networks (MANs) that connect devices within a larger area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as within a city. Networks allow users to communicate, share hardware and software resources, and access information.
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals. It defines a computer network and describes how networks allow users to communicate by transmitting data over connecting cables. The document then discusses key network concepts like file and print sharing, email services, directory services, and the internet. It also covers network administration, transmission types, common network types (LANs and WANs), network interface cards, IP addressing, topologies and physical components like cabling. Finally, it provides details on Ethernet and Token Ring network architectures.
This document discusses various topics related to computer networks including transmission media, different types of network installations, types of networks like LAN, MAN, and WAN. It also covers network security tools, client-server and peer-to-peer network configurations, and common network applications like email, FTP, and the world wide web. The key purposes of networks are to enable sharing of information and hardware resources between connected systems.
ICT 101 LECTURE 2 - BASICS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS.pptxmbombongafu
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines a computer network and lists the basic requirements. It describes types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, intranets and VPNs. It discusses network devices like hubs, bridges, switches and routers. It also covers topics like addressing, messaging types, and network categories.
The document discusses four main types of computer networks:
1) PAN (Personal Area Network) connects devices within about 10 meters and uses technologies like Bluetooth.
2) LAN (Local Area Network) connects devices within a local office or home using Ethernet or Wi-Fi.
3) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) interconnects LANs within a city using high-speed connections.
4) WAN (Wide Area Network) extends over a large geographical distance, such as between cities, using leased telecommunication circuits and can include the Internet.
This presentation briefly describes the different types of computer networks along with their advantages and disadvantages and comparison between them.
A computer network connects two or more computers to allow sharing of resources and communication. It can be a local area network (LAN) spanning a single building, or a wide area network (WAN) across continents. The main components are computers, cables or wireless connections, network cards, and network operating software. Computer networks provide benefits like sharing hardware and software, communication, and accessing data remotely, but also have disadvantages such as high installation costs and potential points of failure. Networks can be organized as peer-to-peer, with each computer sharing directly, or client-server with dedicated server computers providing centralized resources to client computers. Common network types include LANs, WANs, MANs, PANs, and
Distributed Systems - Information TechnologySagar Mehta
Distributed systems rely on underlying computer networks for communication. The performance, reliability, scalability, mobility, and quality of service of these networks impact distributed system design. Networks are built using transmission media and hardware like routers and switches. They operate using principles such as protocol layering, packet switching, routing, and data streaming. Different network types include personal area networks, local area networks, wide area networks, and wireless variants of these.
Data communication involves the exchange of data between two or more parties through various means such as writing, talking, images, and electronic communication like emails and calls. An effective data communication model includes a source that generates data, a transmitter that converts it into signals, a transmission system that carries the data, a receiver that converts it back into data, and a destination that receives the incoming data. Computer networks allow for sharing of resources like files, printers, and applications between connected computers. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh configurations that determine how the connected computers are physically laid out and communicate with each other.
The document provides information about computer networks including definitions of LANs and WANs. It discusses the hardware required for LANs including file servers, terminals, and print servers connected via cables. WANs require additional hardware like modems to connect over telephone lines. The document also describes the three main LAN topologies - star, ring and bus - and their advantages and disadvantages. It provides examples of common network devices like hubs, switches, bridges and routers.
This document provides an overview of basic computer network concepts. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to enable communication and sharing of resources. It describes common network applications like sharing printers, software, databases and exchanging information. It also outlines components of a network like servers, workstations, network interface cards, hubs and transmission channels. Additionally, it discusses different types of networks including LAN, WAN and MAN and various network topologies such as bus, star and ring configurations.
UNIT 4 computer networking powerpoint presentation .pdfshubhangisonawane6
This document provides an overview of computer networking concepts. It defines a computer network as multiple computers connected together to share information and resources. The document discusses different types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN and internetworks. It describes key network features like performance, reliability, security and expandability. The document also covers network topologies, advantages and disadvantages of networks, and provides examples of mesh, star, tree and bus topologies.
A computer network is composed of end devices, network media, and intermediary devices connected together. The number of computers that can be connected depends on the type of network, which is classified by geographical size as a personal area network (PAN), local area network (LAN), campus area network (CAN), metropolitan area network (MAN), wide area network (WAN), wireless local area network (WLAN), or peer-to-peer network. In a client/server network, servers provide centralized services and resources to client devices, while in a peer-to-peer network all devices can act as both clients and servers sharing resources directly.
The document provides an overview of computer networks. It defines a computer network as an interconnection between two or more computing devices using wired or wireless media for resource sharing or communication. The document discusses different types of networks including personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), metropolitan area networks (MANs), and wide area networks (WANs). It also covers common network topologies like bus, star, ring, mesh, and tree. The document defines key networking concepts such as IP addresses, network classes, and differences between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing schemes.
This document provides an overview of computer networking. It defines a network as a group of interconnected computers that share resources through communication links. It discusses the development of early networks like ARPANET and defines a computer network. It describes applications of networks like resource sharing, communication, and information sharing. It also categorizes networks based on area into LAN, MAN, WAN, and PAN and discusses characteristics of each. Additionally, it outlines hardware used in networks like NICs, routers, switches and modems. Finally, it differentiates between peer-to-peer and client-server networks.
The document discusses various concepts related to computer networks including definitions, applications, components, benefits, disadvantages, and classifications. It defines a computer network as interconnecting two or more computers to facilitate communication and sharing of resources. The key components are computers, communication media, network interface cards, and software. Networks provide benefits like hardware and software sharing, increased speed, and reduced costs. They can be classified based on geography into personal area networks (PANs), local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and metropolitan area networks (MANs). Networks can also be peer-to-peer, with each computer maintaining its own resources, or client-server, with certain computers acting as centralized servers.
This document discusses computer networks and their components. It describes the principles of networking and different types of networks including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and wireless LANs. The document also discusses peer-to-peer and client/server network models, bandwidth, modes of data transmission, internet protocols, and physical network components like cables, hubs, switches, and routers.
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals including defining computer networks, types of networks like peer-to-peer and client/server, local and wide area networks, network interface cards, physical components like cabling and devices, and network architectures like Ethernet and Token Ring. Key points covered include how networks allow file sharing, printing, and communication between devices, examples of networking media and common devices, and standards for networking protocols and architectures.
A computer network connects computing devices through communication channels to facilitate sharing of resources and information among users. There are different types of networks including local area networks (LANs) which connect devices within a small geographic area like a building, wide area networks (WANs) that connect LANs across large areas like cities and countries, and metropolitan area networks (MANs) that connect devices within a larger area than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as within a city. Networks allow users to communicate, share hardware and software resources, and access information.
This document provides an overview of networking fundamentals. It defines a computer network and describes how networks allow users to communicate by transmitting data over connecting cables. The document then discusses key network concepts like file and print sharing, email services, directory services, and the internet. It also covers network administration, transmission types, common network types (LANs and WANs), network interface cards, IP addressing, topologies and physical components like cabling. Finally, it provides details on Ethernet and Token Ring network architectures.
This document discusses various topics related to computer networks including transmission media, different types of network installations, types of networks like LAN, MAN, and WAN. It also covers network security tools, client-server and peer-to-peer network configurations, and common network applications like email, FTP, and the world wide web. The key purposes of networks are to enable sharing of information and hardware resources between connected systems.
ICT 101 LECTURE 2 - BASICS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS.pptxmbombongafu
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines a computer network and lists the basic requirements. It describes types of networks including LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN, intranets and VPNs. It discusses network devices like hubs, bridges, switches and routers. It also covers topics like addressing, messaging types, and network categories.
The document discusses four main types of computer networks:
1) PAN (Personal Area Network) connects devices within about 10 meters and uses technologies like Bluetooth.
2) LAN (Local Area Network) connects devices within a local office or home using Ethernet or Wi-Fi.
3) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) interconnects LANs within a city using high-speed connections.
4) WAN (Wide Area Network) extends over a large geographical distance, such as between cities, using leased telecommunication circuits and can include the Internet.
This presentation briefly describes the different types of computer networks along with their advantages and disadvantages and comparison between them.
A computer network connects two or more computers to allow sharing of resources and communication. It can be a local area network (LAN) spanning a single building, or a wide area network (WAN) across continents. The main components are computers, cables or wireless connections, network cards, and network operating software. Computer networks provide benefits like sharing hardware and software, communication, and accessing data remotely, but also have disadvantages such as high installation costs and potential points of failure. Networks can be organized as peer-to-peer, with each computer sharing directly, or client-server with dedicated server computers providing centralized resources to client computers. Common network types include LANs, WANs, MANs, PANs, and
Similar to chapter one introduction to computer network maruf.pptx (20)
The document discusses factors that influence the development of international accounting standards and practices. It identifies 8 key factors: sources of finance, legal systems, political/economic ties between countries, inflation levels, taxation, economic development, education levels, and culture. Accounting systems vary between countries based on differences in these underlying developmental factors. Understanding how the factors shape accounting in different environments helps explain diversity and similarities between nations' accounting standards and practices.
This document provides an overview of logistics management. It defines logistics as the management of the flow of goods, resources, and information from the point of origin to the destination. The goal of logistics management is to ensure the efficient delivery of the right product, at the right cost, quantity, quality, place and time to customers. It discusses the key components of logistics including transportation, inventory planning, warehousing, and packaging. It also outlines the objectives and major functions of logistics management such as transportation management, warehouse management, and inventory management.
This document discusses two techniques for business decision making: cost-benefit analysis and SWOT analysis.
Cost-benefit analysis involves comparing the estimated costs and benefits of different project options to determine which makes the most business sense. The goal is to maximize total net profit.
SWOT analysis examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of a business or project. It helps identify internal strengths and weaknesses as well as external opportunities and threats. Managers use SWOT analysis to guide strategic planning and evaluate major changes.
The document provides guidance on properly conducting a SWOT analysis, including examples of questions to consider for each component. It also outlines how to analyze and apply the results of a SWOT analysis to identify
This chapter discusses the consolidation of financial information for business combinations. It explains that consolidated financial statements combine the financial data of a parent company and its subsidiaries. The chapter outlines the acquisition method for accounting for business combinations, where one company obtains control of another. Under this method, the consideration transferred is allocated to identifiable assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their fair values. Goodwill arises when the consideration exceeds the fair values. The chapter also discusses how pre-existing goodwill and in-process R&D are treated under the acquisition method.
This document provides an overview of different types of charts and graphs that can be used to visualize data, including histograms, frequency polygons, ogives, pie charts, stem and leaf plots, Pareto charts, and scatter plots. It discusses the key concepts of grouped versus ungrouped data, constructing frequency distributions, calculating relative and cumulative frequencies, and provides examples of how to build each type of chart using sample data sets.
This document outlines professional standards that CPAs must follow when conducting audits and attestation engagements. It discusses the types of practice standards that govern work for different entities. Generally Accepted Auditing Standards (GAAS) are described in detail, including the general standards, standards of fieldwork, evidence considerations, and reporting standards. The document also discusses attestation standards, quality control standards for CPA firms, and the role of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board in standard-setting and oversight of audits of public companies.
Forensic accounting refers to accounting work performed for legal purposes, such as investigating potential fraud. Forensic accountants use auditing techniques as well as investigative skills to conduct detailed analyses of financial records to detect issues like embezzlement, insurance fraud, or tax evasion. Their work is often used in litigation to quantify economic damages or losses. Key areas forensic accountants work in include fraud investigation, bankruptcy, insurance claims, and criminal or civil court cases.
This document provides an overview of managerial accounting concepts and objectives. It begins by identifying four learning objectives: 1) identify features of managerial accounting and management functions, 2) describe classes of manufacturing costs and differences between product and period costs, 3) demonstrate how to compute cost of goods manufactured and prepare financial statements for a manufacturer, and 4) discuss trends in managerial accounting. It then covers topics related to each objective, including managerial vs financial accounting, management functions, cost classifications, cost of goods manufactured calculations, and contemporary issues like just-in-time inventory and activity-based costing.
This document provides an outline for a course on principles of auditing and assurance. It introduces key topics that will be covered, including the definition of an audit, elements of an assurance engagement, appropriate evidence and reporting. An audit is defined as an independent examination and expression of an opinion on an entity's financial statements. It discusses the roles of the practitioner, responsible party and intended users. Criteria are also outlined as the benchmarks used to evaluate the subject matter of an assurance engagement.
Job-order costing is a system used when a company produces unique products in small batches. It requires tracing costs to individual jobs and maintaining separate cost records for each job. Direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead costs are charged to work in process and then transferred to finished goods as jobs are completed. Manufacturing overhead is applied to jobs using a predetermined overhead rate. Nonmanufacturing costs are expensed in the period incurred rather than assigned to jobs.
chapter- 1 inroduction to advanced financial accounting.pptxMohamedAbdi347025
This document provides an overview of accounting concepts including the framework, objectives, and standards of accounting. It defines accounting as recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions and events. The key objectives of accounting are to systematically record transactions, ascertain financial results and position, and provide information to decision makers. International standards like IFRS and domestic standards like US GAAP aim to standardize accounting policies for consistency and comparability.
The document provides an overview of consolidation of financial information and business combinations. It discusses reasons why firms combine, including cost savings, market entry, economies of scale, and diversification. It describes the consolidation process, which involves preparing a single set of consolidated financial statements by bringing together subsidiaries' and the parent's financial data, eliminating reciprocal accounts and intra-entity transactions. Business combinations can be achieved through transactions that result in one entity obtaining control over one or more businesses and creating a single economic entity that requires consolidated financial statements.
Northern Engraving | Modern Metal Trim, Nameplates and Appliance PanelsNorthern Engraving
What began over 115 years ago as a supplier of precision gauges to the automotive industry has evolved into being an industry leader in the manufacture of product branding, automotive cockpit trim and decorative appliance trim. Value-added services include in-house Design, Engineering, Program Management, Test Lab and Tool Shops.
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
Keywords: AI, Containeres, Kubernetes, Cloud Native
Event Link: https://meine.doag.org/events/cloudland/2024/agenda/#agendaId.4211
The Microsoft 365 Migration Tutorial For Beginner.pptxoperationspcvita
This presentation will help you understand the power of Microsoft 365. However, we have mentioned every productivity app included in Office 365. Additionally, we have suggested the migration situation related to Office 365 and how we can help you.
You can also read: https://www.systoolsgroup.com/updates/office-365-tenant-to-tenant-migration-step-by-step-complete-guide/
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
What is an RPA CoE? Session 2 – CoE RolesDianaGray10
In this session, we will review the players involved in the CoE and how each role impacts opportunities.
Topics covered:
• What roles are essential?
• What place in the automation journey does each role play?
Speaker:
Chris Bolin, Senior Intelligent Automation Architect Anika Systems
From Natural Language to Structured Solr Queries using LLMsSease
This talk draws on experimentation to enable AI applications with Solr. One important use case is to use AI for better accessibility and discoverability of the data: while User eXperience techniques, lexical search improvements, and data harmonization can take organizations to a good level of accessibility, a structural (or “cognitive” gap) remains between the data user needs and the data producer constraints.
That is where AI – and most importantly, Natural Language Processing and Large Language Model techniques – could make a difference. This natural language, conversational engine could facilitate access and usage of the data leveraging the semantics of any data source.
The objective of the presentation is to propose a technical approach and a way forward to achieve this goal.
The key concept is to enable users to express their search queries in natural language, which the LLM then enriches, interprets, and translates into structured queries based on the Solr index’s metadata.
This approach leverages the LLM’s ability to understand the nuances of natural language and the structure of documents within Apache Solr.
The LLM acts as an intermediary agent, offering a transparent experience to users automatically and potentially uncovering relevant documents that conventional search methods might overlook. The presentation will include the results of this experimental work, lessons learned, best practices, and the scope of future work that should improve the approach and make it production-ready.
Northern Engraving | Nameplate Manufacturing Process - 2024Northern Engraving
Manufacturing custom quality metal nameplates and badges involves several standard operations. Processes include sheet prep, lithography, screening, coating, punch press and inspection. All decoration is completed in the flat sheet with adhesive and tooling operations following. The possibilities for creating unique durable nameplates are endless. How will you create your brand identity? We can help!
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
Follow us on LinkedIn: https://in.linkedin.com/company/mydbops
For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
Twitter: https://twitter.com/mydbopsofficial
Blogs: https://www.mydbops.com/blog/
Facebook(Meta): https://www.facebook.com/mydbops/
In our second session, we shall learn all about the main features and fundamentals of UiPath Studio that enable us to use the building blocks for any automation project.
📕 Detailed agenda:
Variables and Datatypes
Workflow Layouts
Arguments
Control Flows and Loops
Conditional Statements
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Variables, Constants, and Arguments in Studio
Control Flow in Studio
"NATO Hackathon Winner: AI-Powered Drug Search", Taras KlobaFwdays
This is a session that details how PostgreSQL's features and Azure AI Services can be effectively used to significantly enhance the search functionality in any application.
In this session, we'll share insights on how we used PostgreSQL to facilitate precise searches across multiple fields in our mobile application. The techniques include using LIKE and ILIKE operators and integrating a trigram-based search to handle potential misspellings, thereby increasing the search accuracy.
We'll also discuss how the azure_ai extension on PostgreSQL databases in Azure and Azure AI Services were utilized to create vectors from user input, a feature beneficial when users wish to find specific items based on text prompts. While our application's case study involves a drug search, the techniques and principles shared in this session can be adapted to improve search functionality in a wide range of applications. Join us to learn how PostgreSQL and Azure AI can be harnessed to enhance your application's search capability.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
This talk will cover ScyllaDB Architecture from the cluster-level view and zoom in on data distribution and internal node architecture. In the process, we will learn the secret sauce used to get ScyllaDB's high availability and superior performance. We will also touch on the upcoming changes to ScyllaDB architecture, moving to strongly consistent metadata and tablets.
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
2. Overview
• Introduction to networks.
• Need for networks.
• Application of Computer Network
• Classification of networks.
– By Their Geography
– By Their Component Role
3. Introduction to Networks
• A network consists of two or
more entities or objects
sharing resources and information.
• Human Network:-
– Network of Human being eg:- social structure
– Nodes:- individuals , Links:-cellphone ,Email ,emotioal,
cultural etc
– Types:
A. Family Network: within family ,Mother-father-children
B. Peer Network: community & family eg:- school –family-work
C. Restaurant network : waiter –customer
D. Contact Network:- Job search
4. Computer Network
• A computer network consists of two
or more computing devices
connected to each other to share
resources and information.
•Communication & sharing of resources with other computers
takes place on the same network or entirely distinct networks.
•Computers on a network can act as a client or a server.
•A client is a computer that requests for resources.
•A server is a computer that controls and provides access to
resources.
•Network access to data must be evaluated carefully to avoid
security issues.
5. Need for Networks
• Enhance communication.
• Share resources.
• Facilitate centralized management.
6. Enhance Communication
• Computer networks facilitates interpersonal
communication via email, instant messaging,
chat room, telephone, video telephone &
video conferencing
• By using networks, information can be sent to
a larger audience in an extremely fast and
efficient manner.
7. Share Resources
• A copy of data or application stored at a single central
location is shared over a network. , thereby saving
storage space on individual computers
• Computer peripheral devices can be attached to a
computer and be shared in a network. Peripheral devices
include faxes, modems, scanners, plotters
• Equipments having common requirements can be shared
in order to reduce maintenance cost.
• Computer applications, which take up a considerable
amount of storage space, can be installed centrally on
the network, saving storage space
8. Facilitate Centralized Management
Management of software : Software can be installed at a central
location using servers, where the installation files are made accessible
over the network .This reduces cost of buying expensive s/w
• Management of Network : Network administrator keeps track of
network speed, traffic , performance by using different tools.(eg:-
Network analyzer , Network management protocol)
• Keeping data backup :- data from computer system is copied from disk
to some other medium for keeping it safe. Backup policies:- full backup,
Replication , Incremental
• Centralized Network security:
9. Features of Network
• File Sharing
• Printer Sharing
• Application Services
• E-mail
• Remote Access
• Internet /Intranet
• Network Security
10. File Sharing
• Network file sharing is the process of copying files from one computer to
another using a live network connection.
• File Sharing With Microsoft Windows :Windows file folders can be shared
across a LAN. You can also set up security access restrictions that control
who can obtain the shared files.
• FTP File Transfers :FTP server holds all the files to be shared, while remote
computers running FTP client software can log in to the server to obtain
copies.
• P2P - Peer to Peer File Sharing:is a popular method for swapping large files
on the Internet, particularly music and videos. Unlike FTP, most P2P file
sharing systems do not use any central servers but instead allow all
computers on the network to function both as a client and a server.
eg:torrent
11. Printer Sharing
• By use of Operating System:All modern versions of
OS include a feature called File and Printer Sharing
that allows a printer connected to one PC to be
shared with other PCs on a local network.
• Printers Having Built-In Network Capability: network
printers, are specifically designed for connecting
directly to a computer network. It allow entering
configuration data through a small keypad and screen
on the front of the unit. The screen also displays error
messages
• print server : It is a networked computer with one or
more shared printers
12. Application Services
• Sharing application on network eg: MS-office.
When a client (don’t have MS-office)wants to
run the program then application loads from
server into clients own memory
• Shared installation:-share all setup file on
server
13. E-mail
• electronic mail, the transmission of messages
over networks.
• Today's email systems are based on a store-and-forward
model. Email servers accept, forward, deliver, and store
messages.
• Types:
– Webmail :This allows users to log into the email
account by using a web browser to send and receive
their email eg:gmail
– POP3 email services:email messages are downloaded
to the client device (i.e. a computer) and then they
are deleted from the mail server.
14. Remote access
• allows logging into a system as an authorized
user without being physically present at its
keyboard
• Remote Desktop :eg:remote desktopsupport
• Remote Access to Files : remote network access
allows files to be read from and written to the
target, even without remote desktop capability
in place.
16. Classification by Network
Geography
• Networks are frequently classified according
to the geographical boundaries spanned by
the network itself.
• eg: PAN,LAN, MAN ,WAN,CAN and MAN are
the basic types of classification, of which LAN
and WAN are frequently used.
17. Local area network (LAN):
– A LAN covers a relatively small area such as a classroom, school,
or a single building.
– LANs are inexpensive to install and also provide higher speeds.
– LANs are also typically owned, controlled, and managed by a
single person or organization.
– They also tend to use certain connectivity technologies,
primarily Ethernet and Token Ring.
– On a single LAN, computers and servers may be connected by
cables or wirelessly
– High rate of data transmission :Is very fast, with speeds from 10
Mbps to 10 Gbps
• LAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware
devices that may be needed by multiple users
19. LAN basics
• LAN’s can either be wired or wireless. Eg: twisted pair in wired
• Nodes in a LAN are linked together with a certain topology. Eg:BUS
• A node is defined to be any device connected to the network. This
could be a computer, a printer etc.
• A Hub is a networking device that connects multiple segments of
the network together
• A Network Interface Card (NIC) is the circuit board that is used to
connect computers to the network. In most cases, this is an
Ethernet card plugged in a computer’s motherboard
• The Network Operating System (NOS) is the software that enables
users to share files and hardware and communicate with other
computers. Examples of NOS include: Windows XP, Windows NT,
Sun Solaris, Linux, etc..
• Resource sharing in a LAN is accomplished with different access
methods. These include: Token based access ,CSMA/CD
20. Metropolitan area network (MAN):
– A MAN spans the distance of a typical metropolitan
city.
– The cost of installation and operation is higher.
– MANs use high-speed connections such as fiber optics
to achieve higher speeds.
– Types:-
• single network such as cable tv
• Connecting multiple LANs into a larger network .
– It may wholly owned by a company or it may be
service provided by public company such as telephone
company(Switched Multi-megabit Data Service SMDS)
22. Wide area network (WAN):
– WANs span a larger area than a single city.(country)
– These use long distance telecommunication networks for
connection, thereby increasing the cost.
– The Internet is a good example of a WAN.
– WAN utilized public, leased line, satellite channel ,private
communication equipment in combination
– WAN which is wholly Owned by Single company refereed
as Enterprise network
– Because of large distance in WAN , the propogation delay
& variable signal travel times are major problem
– Uses Mesh topology majorly
24. Personal Area Network(PAN)
• It is organized around individual person eg:
cellphone with earphone
• A network covering a very small area, usually a
small room(10m).
• The best known wireless PAN network technology
is Bluetooth,
• The most popular wired PAN is USB.
• PANs can be viewed as a special type (or subset)
of local area network (LAN) that supports one
person instead of a group.
25.
26. Campus Area Network (CAN)
• CAN is a computer network made up of an
interconnection of local area networks (LANs) within a
limited geographical area
• The networking equipments (switches, routers) and
transmission media (optical fiber, copper plant, Cat5
cabling etc.) are almost entirely owned by
the campus tenant / owner: an enterprise, university,
government etc.
• all of the nodes in a campus network are interconnected
by means ofoptical fiber media, taking advantage
of Gigabit Ethernet or 10-Gigabit Ethernet technology. In
some cases, Wi-Fi hot spots or even a hot zone make up
the user end of the network,
28. Classification by Component Roles
• Networks can also be classified according to
the roles that the networked computers play
in the network’s operation.
• Peer-to-peer, server-based, and client-based
are the types of roles into which networks are
classified.
29. Classification by Component Roles
Peer-to-peer:
– In a peer-to-peer network, all computers are considered
equal.
– Each computer controls its own information and is capable
of functioning as either a client or a server depending
upon the requirement.
– Peer-to-peer networks are inexpensive and easy to install.
– They are popular as home networks and for use in small
companies.
30. Classification by Component Roles
Peer-to-peer (continued):
– Most operating systems come with built-in peer-
to-peer networking capability.
– The maximum number of peers that can operate
on a peer-to-peer network is ten.
– Each peer shares resources and allows others
open access to them.
31. Classification by Component Roles
Peer-to-peer (continued):
– Peer-to-peer networks become difficult to manage
when more security is added to resources, since
the users control their security by password-
protecting shares.
– Shares can be document folders, printers,
peripherals, and any other resource that they
control on their computers.
33. Classification by Component Roles
Server-based:
– A server-based network offers centralized control
and is designed for secure operations.
– In a server-based network, a dedicated server
controls the network.
34. Classification by Component Roles
Server-based (continued):
– A dedicated server is one that services the
network by storing data, applications, resources,
and also provides access to resources required by
the client.
– These servers can also control the network’s
security from one centralized location or share it
with other specially configured servers.
36. Classification by Component Roles
– Client Server based network servers process requests from
clients and return just the results.
– Very Reliable
– Better Performance: These networks take advantage of the
powerful processing capabilities of both the client and the
server.
– Application servers and communications servers are
examples of clientserver-based networks.
– Specialized network Operating System required
– If server fails entire system fails
– Centralized Backup Taking Backup is easier
– Require professional administrator
– More Network intensive & expensive
38. Summary
• A network consists of two or more entities sharing
resources and information.
• A computer network consists of two or more
computers that are connected and are able to
communicate.
• The basic purpose of networks is to enable
effective communication, share resources, and
facilitate centralized management of data.
• Networks can be classified according to their
geographical boundaries or their component roles.