This document describes properties of mixtures and different techniques used to separate mixtures into their components. It defines a mixture as two or more substances combined without a chemical reaction that maintain their individual properties. Common separation techniques mentioned include distillation, filtration, chromatography, decantation, settling, and magnetism. Mixtures can be classified as either heterogeneous if components are visually distinguishable, or homogeneous if components are uniformly distributed and not visually distinguishable.

1. Mixtures November 16, 2009

2. Objectives Describe the properties of mixtures Compare a mixture to a substance Name common separation techniques for a mixture Define mixture, homogeneous, heterogeneous, distillation, filtration, chromatography

3. Mixture Two or more kinds of elements or compounds combined without a chemical reaction. Individual components maintain their individual properties.

4. Physical properties may change Color Melting point Freezing point Electron configuration of their atoms do not change.

5. Compounds combine in definite ratios – H 2 0, C 6 H 12 O 6 , CO 2 , NaCl Mixtures do not combine in definite amounts. They can be present in any ratio.

6. Matter Classification

7. Mixture Classification Mixtures are classified according to how well they are mixed. Heterogeneous Homogeneous

9. Separation techniques Manually .

10. Separation techniques Distillation The solution is heated until it boils. The liquid with the lowest boiling point boils first and becomes a gas. Evaporation

12. Separation techniques Decantation This separates a liquid from insoluble solid sediment by carefully pouring the liquid from the solid without disturbing the solid

13. Separation techniques Filtration . This separates a solid from a liquid through the use of a porous material as a filter. Paper, charcoal, or sand can serve as a filter.

14. Separation techniques Settling . Centrifuge is a device in which solid or liquid particles of different densities are separated by rotating them in a tube in a horizontal circle.

15. Separation techniques Chromatography . a method for analyzing mixtures by separating them into the chemicals from which they are made.

16. Separation techniques Magnetism