This document provides a neurology trivia covering topics from ancient history to modern times. It discusses early observations of the brain and nervous system from ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. Key figures from the Greco-Roman era like Herophilus, Galen, and others are mentioned for their contributions. Later sections cover the history of terms and clinical signs in neurology, including who first identified multiple sclerosis and other conditions. The document concludes with short review questions testing knowledge of brain anatomy.

1. NEUROLOGY TRIVIA
Dr Ashwin Lathiya
SR neurology
GMC Kota

2. Trivia
• Details, Considerations, or piece of information of little importance or
value.
2

3. Pathological
signs
Clinical
Signs
Radiological
signs
3

4. Mesopotamian observation
4
A lioness wounded in the vertebral column. British Museum. From Perrot and Chipiez, 1884

5. Neurology in Ancient Egypt
The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus
• Oldest known medical text
• Contains the first written word
"brain“ & earliest known
descriptions of the meninges
and the CSF.
• 48 cases, case 20 was the first
possible case of aphasia, which
occurred following head
trauma.
Minagar A, Ragheb J, Kelley RE. The Edwin Smith surgical papyrus: description and analysis of the earliest case of aphasia. J Med Biogr. 2003
May;11(2):114-7
5

6. The Greco-Roman world
• Herophilus
• Confirm the partition of the brain into cerebrum
(enkephalos) and cerebellum (parenkephalis), which
Aristotle had established in animals.
• Described a few of the cerebral sinuses including the
confluens sinum, known as the torcular Herophili.
• Found that the inner surfaces of every cerebral cavity are
covered with small vascular tracks, which reminded him of
fetal chorion. This was the origin of the term choroid plexus.
• First to differentiate between motor and sensory peripheral
nerves.
6

7. The Greco-Roman world
• Galen
• Named the corpus
callosum and the
fornix, the pineal
gland.
• Clarified the role of
the recurrent
laryngeal nerve in
voice production.
7

8. Who named multiple sclerosis?
8

9. The founder of Modern Neurology
• To take away from neurology all the discoveries made by Charcot would be to render it
unrecognizable.-Joseph Babinski
9

10. Eponymophilia
10
Charcot’s artery-Lenticulostriate artery.
Charcot’s ds- ALS.
Charcot’s joints- diabetic arthropathy.
Charcot-bouchard aneurysm- tiny aneurysm of
penetrating br of MCA
Charcot’s triad of MS- Nystagmus, Intention
tremor, dysarthria.

11. Hammer
11
Silas Weir Mitchell considered it “the best hammer for tapping the much-abused patellar ligament.”

12. PHALANGES
12

13. TORCULAR HEROPHILI
13

14. Hippocampus
J Neurosurg 122:971–975, 2015 14

15. Achilles' heel
15

16. Woltman sign
16

17. Brodmann’s areas
Gorman DG, Unutzer J: Brodmann’s missing numbers. Neurology 43:226–227, 1993. 17

18. Herculean disease
18
-the ancient name for epilepsy

19. Ondine’s Curse
19

20. Where is the seat of the soul ?
20

21. Clinical
sign
21

22. Fortification
22

23. ‘Alice in Wonderland’ Syndrome
23

24. Epileptic hemiplegia
A paralytic state remains sometimes
after the epileptic convulsion. This is
more particularly the case when the
convulsion has affected only one side
or one limb: that limb or limbs will
remain paralytic for some hours, or
even days, after the cessation of the
paroxysm, but it will ultimately
perfectly recover.
24
Todd’s Paralysis
Terms "afferent" and "efferent"

25. The highest deep reflex yet discovered?
25

26. Jaw Clonus
Neurology May 2021, 96 (20) e2563 26

27. Babinski’s extensor reflex
27

28. The first sign of Babinski?
Fidias E. Leon-Sarmiento et al. Neurology 2002;59:1067 28

29. The “other Babinski sign”
Neurology Jul 2007, 69 (4) 402-404 29

30. The Austregesilo and Esposel sign.
30

31. Kernig Sign
Karl A, Ali MA, Brandis D. Kernig Sign. [Updated 2021 Jun 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL) 31

32. Brudzinski sign
Karl A, Ali MA, Brandis D. Kernig Sign. [Updated 2021 Jun 5]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL) 32

33. Le signe du journal -the newspaper sign
33

34. Crocodile tears
34

35. Raccoon Eyes
35

36. Radiological
sign
36

37. Circulus arteriosus cerebri
37
• Coin the word
“neurology”
• Numbered the cranial
nerves as they are
today.

38. Broca’s area
38
• Role of supernaturals in diseased
state.
• First cortical localization to be
accepted.
• Concept of cerebral dominance(left
hemisphere play role in speech).

39. Wernicke’s area
39

40. Acute hemorrhagic polioencephalitis superior
40

41. Quiz Time
41

42. Mature human brain contains how many neurons?
42
100 Billion
Cerebral Cortex of human brain has an area of? 2.5 m2
Primary sensory and Motor area constitute what percentage
of cerebral cortex?
10%
What proportion of all human cerebral cortex is located in
frontal lobe?
One third

43. “Ears of the Lynx” sign
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 40:199 –203 Jan 2019 43

44. Snake eyes appearance
44

45. HOT-CROSS-BUN SIGN
45

46. SWALLOW TAIL SIGN
46

47. THE ELEPHANT SIGN
47

48. A vertebral artery halo sign indicates giant cell arteritis
affecting the posterior circulation of the brain
Lancet 2021; 397: e6 48

49. Trigeminal neuralgia plus hemifacial spasm caused by a
dilated artery: a case of painful tic convulsif syndrome
Lancet 2019; 394: e36 49

50. Cervical osteophyte causing cerebellar infarction
Lancet 2014; 383: 1748 50

51. • If you place a human skull on the ground and begin piling weight on
top of it, how much weight can be added before it cracks?
• 3 tons=2721Kg
51

52. Thank you
52

53. References
• Budrys V: Neurological Eponyms Derived from Literature and Visual Art. Eur
Neurol 2005;53:171-178.
• van Dongen RM and Haan J. Symptoms related to the visual system in migraine
F1000Research 2019, 8(F1000 Faculty Rev):1219
• Michael J. Aminoff et al. Handbook of clinical neurology. Volume 95.
• Peter J.Koehler et al. Neurological eponyms. Oxford university press 2000.
• Maranhão-Filho and Vincent. Neuropareidolia. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2009;67(4)
53