More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER (NCD)
Similar to NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER (NCD) (20)
More from zatul ayuni
More from zatul ayuni (14)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER (NCD)
- 1. TINGKAH LAKU BILAZIM (CPE3100) NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER (NCD) (DSM5: PAGE 591-643) PENSYARAH: DR. YUSNI MOHAMAD YUSOP NAMA: NUR ZATUL AYUNI BINTI JAMAL (188318)
- 2. 2 DSM IV: Dementia, Delirium, Amnestic, & Other Cognitive Disorder DSM 5: Major NCD, Mild NCD & Etiological Subtypes
- 3. 3 NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER (NCD) • NCD category encompasses the group of disorder in which the primary clinical deficit is in cognitive function & that are acquired rather than developmental. • Only disorders whose core features are cognitive are included in the NCD category. • NCDs are those in which impaired cognition has not been present since birth or very early life & thus represents a decline from a previously attained level of functioning.
- 5. 5 NCD DISEBABKAN: Faktor umur Strok Kecederaan kepada kepala Penyakit daripada jangkita HIV Pengambilan barangan bahan terlarang berlebihan Terdedah kepada bahan- bahan beracun Penyakit Parkinson
- 6. 6 Kecederaan kepada kepala •Atlet terdedah kepada risiko NCD melalui kecederaan pada kepala •Gegaran yang berlaku pada otak disebabkan berlaga, terjatuh seperti sukan mempertahankan diri, ragbi, bola sepak dan sukan yang bercirikan pertembungan & boleh menyebabkan hilang ingatan
- 7. 7 NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER (PAGE 596-643)
- 8. 8 MAJOR OR MILD NCD DUE TO ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE (PAGE 611) A general term for memory loss & other intellectual abilities (learn, reason, make judgements & communicate) serious enough to interfere with daily life
- 9. 9
- 10. 10
- 11. 11 Diagnostic Criteria (page 611) A. The criteria are met for major or mild NCD B. There is insidious onset & gradual progression of impairment in one or more cognitive domains (for major NCD at least 2 domains must be impaired) C. Criteria are met for either probable or possible Alzheimer’s disease as follows: Major NCD: Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed if either of the following is present; otherwise possible Alzheimer’s disease should be diagnosed.
- 12. 12 Diagnostic Criteria (page 611) Minor NCD: •Probable Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed if there is evidence of a causative Alzheimer’s disease genetic mutation from either genetic testing or family history. •Possible Alzheimer’s disease is diagnosed if there is no evidence of a causative Alzheimer’s disease genetic mutation from either genetic testing or family history & all 3 of the following are present: 1. Clear evidence of decline in memory & learning 2. Steadily progressive, gradual decline in cognition without extended plateaus
- 13. 13 Diagnostic Criteria (page 611) 3. No evidence of mixed etiology (i.e absence of other NCD or cerebrovascular disease, or another neuroligical or systemic disease or condition likely contributing to cognitive decline) D. The disturbance is not better explained by cerebrovascular disease, another neurodegenerative disease, the effects of a substance, another mental, neurological or systematic disorder
- 14. 14 Diagnostic Features (page 612) 1. Beyond the NCD syndrome (A) 2. Insidious onset & gradual progression of cognitive & behavioral symptoms (B) 3. A level of diagnostic certainty must be specified denoting Alzheimer’s disease as the ‘probable’ or ‘possible’ etiology. (C) 4. If the etiology appears mixed, mild NCD due to multiple etiologies should be diagnosed. In any case for both, the clinical features must not suggest another primary etiology for the NCD (D)
- 15. 15 Associated Features Supporting Diagnosis (page 612) 1. Approximately 80% of individuals with major NCD due to Alzheimer’s disease have behavioral & psychological manifestations. 2. Distressing than cognitive manifestations & are frequently the reasons that health care is sought. 3. Mild NCD- depression or apathy are often seen 4. Major NCD- psychotic features, irritability, agitation, combativeness & wandering are common.
- 16. 16 (PAGE 612) 7% 40%53% Ages 65-74 Ages 75-84 Ages 85 above
- 17. 17
- 18. 18 Genetic & Physiological -Age -Genetic susceptibility polymorphism apoliprotein E4 Environmental -Traumatic brain injuries RISK & PROGNOSTIC FACTORS (page 613)
- 19. 19 How is Alzheimer’s Treated?
- 20. 20
- 21. 21
- 22. 22
- 24. 24 Dr Rahimah berkata, walaupun penyakit itu dikesan sejak lebih 100 tahun lalu, tetapi kebanyakan penyelidikan masih belum menemui penawar mujarab melawan penyakit itu. Biarpun penyakit itu dikaitkan dengan penuaan, tetapi saintis percaya ia 'bukan sebahagian daripada proses penuaan normal' kerana bukan semua warga emas menghidapinya.https://www.bharian.com.my/node/83365
- 25. • Ia membabitkan kehilangan 'kemerosotan neuron di dalam otak', iaitu di lingkungan terbabit dalam daya ingatan, bahasa, kognitif iaitu hipotalamus, frontal dan temporal lobes di korteks cerebal. Fungsi saraf otak kompleks dan progresif semakin menurun memberi kesan pelupa. • Beliau berkata, di Malaysia, istilah warga emas digunakan dalam kalangan penduduk berumur 60 tahun ke atas 25
- 26. • Katanya, banci tahun 2010 menunjukkan Malaysia mempunyai hampir 2.2 juta atau tujuh peratus warga emas. • Kumpulan umur ini dijangka akan terus meningkat setiap tahun, malah negara ini diunjur akan menjadi sebagai 'negara tua' menjelang tahun 2030, iaitu apabila peratusan warga emasnya mencecah 15 peratus. 26
- 27. TINGKAH LAKU BILAZIM (CPE3100) NEUROCOGNITIVE DISORDER (NCD) PENSYARAH: DR. YUSNI MOHAMAD YUSOP NAMA: MUHAMAD AL HAFIZ BIN MD HARUN (187457)
- 29. 29 Parkinson`s Disease A neurocognitive disorder that involves degeneration of neurons in the subcortical structures that control motor movements. At rest, hands, ankles, or head may shake involuntarily loss or impairment of the power of voluntary movement (Akinesia) : Muscular rigidity, difficulty initiating movement.
- 30. 30
- 31. 31 diagnostic features The essential feature of major or mild neurocognitive disorder (NCD) due to Parkinson`s disease is cognitive decline following the onset of Parkinson`s disease. The disturbance must occur in the setting of established Parkinson`s disease ( Criterion B) Deficits must have developed gradually ( Criteria) The NCD is considered possibly due to Parkinson`s disease either when there is no evidence of another disorder that might be contributing to the cognitive decline
- 32. 32 Associated feature supporting diagnosis anxious mood personality change excessive daytime sleep depressed mood delusions hallucintion
- 33. 33 Bradykinesia: General slowing of motor activity ~ Loss of fine motor coordination ~ Slowed, shuffling gait ~ Difficulty starting or stopping movement like walking ~ Signs of cognitive deterioration ~ Expressionless and speech becomes stilted Many cognitive functions, such as attention, concentration, and immediate memory, remain intact.
- 34. 34
- 35. 35 PREVAIENCE 0.5 % ( 65-69 age) Male > female 3% (85 years and older) 75 % ( Develop a major NCD)
- 36. DEVELOPMENT AND COURSE Parkinson`s disease typically between the 6 and 9 decade of life. Most expression in the early 60s. Mild NCD often develops relatively early in the course of Parkinson`s disease, whereas major impairment typically does not occur until late. 36
- 37. TREATMENT PARKINSON`S 37 No known treatment can stop or reverse the breakdown of nerve cells that causes Parkinson's disease. But there are many treatments that can help your symptoms and improve your quality of life : Medicine (such as levodopa and dopamine agonists) Physical therapy (improve your walking and reduce your risk of falling) Home treatment (regular exercise and eating a healthy diet.) Treatment for mental problems Speech therapy
- 38. 38