This document provides an overview of Narrative Therapy theory and practices. It discusses the origins and key concepts of the theory, which was developed by Michael White and David Epston. Some of the core beliefs of Narrative Therapy are that the client is the expert of their own life, problems are separate from the client's identity, and therapeutic change occurs when the client takes control of their own story. The document outlines the therapeutic process and techniques used in Narrative Therapy, including externalization, searching for unique outcomes, and reauthoring alternative stories. It also discusses the strengths and limitations of the theory.

1. CPE3206
AFFECTIVE COUNSELING THEORY AND PRACTICES
TOPIC 4 : NARRATIVES THEORY
Lecturer : DR NOOR SYAMILAH ZAKARIA
GROUP MEMBER :
1. AHMAD SYAZWAN MOHD BASRI (189532)
2. NORIZAL BAKARI (187741)
3. NUR ZATUL AYUNI JAMAL (188318)
4. NUR ADIBAH ASMAA MOHAMED ZEMUDIN (191181)
5. BALKISNOOR BANUAR (189085)
6. MUHAMMAD AIMAN ANUAR (189532)
7. ANIS SHAKIRAH ABDUL RAZAK (190131)

2. MICHAEL WHITE
“A flower doesn’t love
you or hate you. It just
exist”
Work at Dulwich Centre at Adelaide,
South Africa
He is an electrical and
mechanical draftsman
Then he become a social worker to help people
He is interested in understanding
the human perception of their
world which in turn led him to
approach in understanding the
client's story and externalizing
problems.

4. DAVID EPSTON
Co-director of the Family
Therapy Center in Auckland,
New Zealand.
One of his contributions in this field is the
concept of leagues or groups
Leagues are a group of clients
who are experiencing the same
problems and communicate with
each other through writing.

6. BASIC ASSUMPTION
THERAPY
TOWARD HUMAN BEING

7. •Individuals construct the meaning of life in
interpretative story.
•Issues such as personality and action means an
individual's life is dominated by stories full of problems.
•The client’s story that is full of problems dominated
client’s life that overcome the alternative and the story of
success.

8. •Narrative therapy involves a new story, probably
involving a simple story and a story taken out to give
people a new perspective.
•This therapy showed that many people through success,
eventhough they do not care about their success.

9. •Client shape and change the meaning of a more
meaningful stories by collaboration with the counsellor
through the process of a good question
•The counsellor act as - the investigative reporter -
Effect - a negative story will lost from the client

10. Client is not defined as
a problem
Client is the expert of
their lives
Client have many skills,
competencies and internal
sources
The therapeutic change
occurs when the client
receives a role as director /
writer's of life
NARRATIVE
THERAPY BASED
ON 4 BELIEF

11. i.Client is not defined as a problem
•Clients are identified by their problems.
•With a judgement, the client began to feel the problem
is a part of themselves, rather than a feature fixed in
them.

12. •eg : The clients who are experiencing symptoms of
depression is temporary, rather than personality traits.
•Differentiate between personality characteristics and
problems experienced are important if a client wants to
rearrange the narrative life.

13. ii. Client is the expert of their lives
•Counselor used client’s expertise to
overcome their problem.
•Believe that clients have an answer to
the problem.
•Clients have experienced entire life and
knows about themselves.
•Any intervention by the client must
consider the client itself & the problem
their faced.

14. iii.Client have many skills, competencies and
internal sources
•All clients, including children have some
skills learned during their lives.
•Client’s competencies should be used as a
therapeutic resource in counseling
sessions.
•The counselor explore the strengths
found in the client's life narrative.

15. iv.The therapeutic change occurs when the client
receives a role as director / writer's of life
•Client began to form the
narrative of life congruent
with the hopes and
aspirations of life.
•Clients have many choices
of how they experience
and perceive life's journey.

16. •Empowers the client to accept
the responsibility to authoring
life is the role of counselor.
•Once client see patterns and
characteristics of life narrative,
they can see the structure of life
in a more positive story.

17. THERAPEUTIC
PROCESS

18. 1. Collaborate with the client to come up with a mutually
acceptable name for the problem
2. personify the problem and attribute oppressive intentions
and tactic to it
3. Investigate how the
problem has been
disrupting, dominating,
or discouraging to the
clients’ life.

19. 4. Invite the client to
see his or her story
from a different
perspective by
offering alternative
meanings for events.
5. Discover moments when the client wasn’t dominated
or discouraged by the problem by searching for
exceptions to the problem

20. 6. Find historical evidence to bolster a new view of the client as
competent enough to have stood up to, defeated, or escaped from the
dominance or oppression of the problem. ( At this phase the person’s
identity and life story begin to rewritten.)

21. 7. Ask the client to speculate about what kind of future could
be expected from the strong, competent person who is
emerging.
As the client becomes free of
problem-saturated stories of
the past, he or she can
envision and plan for a less
problematic future

22. 8. Find or create an audience for perceiving and
supporting the new story. It is not enough to
recite a new story. The clients need to live the
new story outside of the therapy.
Because the person’s problem
initially developed in a social context,
it is essential to involve the social
environment in supporting the new
life story that has emerged in the
conversations with the counselor.

23. The therapeutic
relationship
• Optimism and respect, curiosity and persistence valuing the client’s
knowledge.
• Collaboration
-uses authority by treating clients as expects in their own lives.
-counselor interested in facilitating the articulation of the value and ethical
commitments of the client.
-client-as expert
• Compassion
-elicit other strength-related stories to
modify the client perseption.
• Reflection
-using the past history to provide the foundation for understanding.
• Discovery
-new differences or unique outcomes that will make a different.
-constructed in conversation and become the foundation for a different
future.

24. Continue..
• Caunselor supplies optimism and
sometimes a possess.
• Client generated what is possible and
contributes the movement that actualizes
it.

25. Function and role
Counselor
• As a facilitator
• Help clients construct a preferred story line.
• Explore both impact of the problem
• Ask question based on the answer to
generate further question.
• Exploration of the client in relation to
presenting problem.
• Avoid using language that assessment,
treatment, and intervention.

26. APPLICATION :
Therapeutic Techniques &
Procedures

27. 1. Question … and more
question
• Exploration
• Often circular and relational
• Provide client with an opportunity to explore
various dimensions of their situation.
• How the problem first become evident , how they
affected clients’ view of themselves.

28. 2. Externalization and
deconstruction
• Opens alternative possibilities for living (Winslede &
Monk,2007)
• Separate the person from identification with the
problem.
• stand again specific story line, such as self blame
• Opens up space for new stories to emerge.

29. 3. Search for unique
outcomes
• Question by searching unique outcome
• Can be found in the past or the present
• Direct and indirect
• Circulation questions

30. 4. Alternative stories
and Reauthoring
• Constructing new stories
• Use the unique possibility question.
• Elicit new possibility and embed them
• Build the competence already present in
the person

31. 5. Documenting the
evidence
• An appreciative audience to new development
• Writing letters
• Can be reinspired
• Changes client have achieves tend to
strengthen the significance of the changes, both
for the client and for others in the client’s life.

32. 6. Application to
group
counseling
• Creating an appreciative audience for new
development individual’s life.
• Opens possibility for new ways of living.
• New identities can be rehearsed and tried
out into wider world.

33. The STRENGTH
of the
theory
1. This therapy assume the individual is competent and
trusted to use their source
2. This therapy is more flexible by using therapeutic
approach
3. This therapy is allow the clients look at their problem from
more objective perspective
4. It focuses on the client’s strengths, skills, and knowledge
rather than on his or her weakness and past failures

34. 5. The narrative approach has been a successful modality
for family therapy and couples counseling

35. LIMITATION of the
theory
1. There is not a substantial amount of
scientific research that supports this as
an effective therapeutic approach
2. The attitudes of the counselor
and his or her ability to use
questions that are relative of
genuine respectful interest are
crucial to the therapeutic process.

36. 4. Some inexperienced or untrained counselor maybe
like to apply variety of technique.
3. They caution that risk in describing a map
of a narrative orientation lies in the fact
that some beginners will pay more
attention to following than they will to
following the lead of the client.

37. 5. Narrative therapy also not appropriate for
all types of clients, for obvious reasons in
many case

38. REFERENCES
• Gerald Corey. 2008. Theory and Practice of Counseling
and Psychotherapy. 8th ed. Ed Brooks and Cole.
•
• Sapora Sipon, Ruhaya Hussin. 2008. Teori Kaunseling
dan Psikoterapi. Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia.
• Melati Sumari, 2014. Teori Kaunseling dan Psikoterapi.
Universiti Malaysia.