Christina, a 44-year-old woman, was arrested for harassing a local television newscaster, asserting he had fathered and taken her child. However, there was no evidence of a relationship and the newscaster denied it. Christina maintained her delusional belief with extraordinary conviction despite no signs of hallucinations, mood disorder, or organic illness. Her delusional beliefs had existed for years and involved fantasizing about a relationship with the newscaster that did not exist in reality. This case demonstrates a primary delusion arising de novo that is held with unusual conviction and not amenable to logic despite the absurdity being apparent to others.
DISORDER CONTENTOF THOUGHT -DELUSION
BY DR.WASIM
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
DR.SANJAY.JAIN
Definition of delusion:
Delusions are categorized into four different groups
THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF DISORDERS OF THOUGHT CONTENT
1.DELUSION
2.OVERVALUED IDEAS
DISTINGUISED
DELUSION
OTHER MEMBERS OF THE CULTURE DONOT SHARE THE BELIEF.
NEED NOT BE ASSOCIATED WITH AFFECT.
FIRMLY SUSTAINED BELIEF.
CONVINCED THAT DELUSION IS REAL.
RECOGNIZED AS ABSURED.
CANNOT BE ACCEPTED.
OCCUR IN MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS.
OVERVALUED IDEAS
OTHER MEMBERS OF THE CULTURE SHARE THE BELIEF.
ASSOCIATED WITH VERY STRONG AFFECT.
NOT HELD FIRMLY.
ATLEAST SOME LEVEL OF DOUBT AS TO ITS TRUTHFULNESS.
NOT RECOGNIZED AS ABSURED.
ACCEPTABLE.
CAN OCCUR IN BOTH HEALTHY AND MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS.
KENDLER’S VECTORS FOR DELUSION:
five stages in the development of delusion(FISH & CONRAD)
FACTORS CONCERNED WITH GENERATION OF DELUSIONS
PATHPOPHYSIOLOGY OF DELUSIONS
PRIMARY DELUSIONS
SECONDARY DELUSIONS
SYSTEMATIZATION
DELUSIONS ON THE BASIS OF CONTENT OF DELUSIONS
THANK YOU
DISORDER CONTENTOF THOUGHT -DELUSION
BY DR.WASIM
UNDER GUIDANCE OF
DR.SANJAY.JAIN
Definition of delusion:
Delusions are categorized into four different groups
THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF DISORDERS OF THOUGHT CONTENT
1.DELUSION
2.OVERVALUED IDEAS
DISTINGUISED
DELUSION
OTHER MEMBERS OF THE CULTURE DONOT SHARE THE BELIEF.
NEED NOT BE ASSOCIATED WITH AFFECT.
FIRMLY SUSTAINED BELIEF.
CONVINCED THAT DELUSION IS REAL.
RECOGNIZED AS ABSURED.
CANNOT BE ACCEPTED.
OCCUR IN MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS.
OVERVALUED IDEAS
OTHER MEMBERS OF THE CULTURE SHARE THE BELIEF.
ASSOCIATED WITH VERY STRONG AFFECT.
NOT HELD FIRMLY.
ATLEAST SOME LEVEL OF DOUBT AS TO ITS TRUTHFULNESS.
NOT RECOGNIZED AS ABSURED.
ACCEPTABLE.
CAN OCCUR IN BOTH HEALTHY AND MENTALLY ILL PATIENTS.
KENDLER’S VECTORS FOR DELUSION:
five stages in the development of delusion(FISH & CONRAD)
FACTORS CONCERNED WITH GENERATION OF DELUSIONS
PATHPOPHYSIOLOGY OF DELUSIONS
PRIMARY DELUSIONS
SECONDARY DELUSIONS
SYSTEMATIZATION
DELUSIONS ON THE BASIS OF CONTENT OF DELUSIONS
THANK YOU
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These are the person who are unable to cope with the ordinary social circumstance
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
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Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
3. Delusion
• A delusion is a false unshakeable idea or belief
which is out keeping with the patient’s
educational , cultural and social background. It
is held with extraordinary conviction and
subjective certainty.
• Subjectively or phenomenologically it is
indistinguishable from true belief
4. Case Vignette
• Christina , a 44 year old woman, was arrested after harassing a local
television newscaster with telephone calls and letters asserting that
he had fathered, then absconded with her child. She denied any
wish to harm him but steadfastly pursued him with demands that
he give her “visitation rights” to “their” child. She said she
understood that he would be unable to marry her, or even to
outwardly acknowledge his love for her, because of his delicate
public position.
• There was no indication that the newscaster had ever had a
relationship with Chris, although evidence from her files and from
her apartment indicated that her fantasized relationship with him
had existed for several years. There was no indication of
hallucinations, disturbance of affect, significant Mood Disorder, or
organic illness, and the woman had never been treated for a
psychiatric disorder.
5. • English word “ delude” means - to mock, to
cheat, defrauding etc
• The decision to call a belief as a DELUSION is
not made by the person holding the belief ,
but by an external observer.
6. • The person who is holding the delusion holds
the belief with the same conviction as he
holds his other non delusional belief about
himself .
7. • Stoddart’s definition of delusion
• A judgement which cannot be accepted by
people of the same class, education, race,
period of life as the person who experiences
it.
• Hamilton defined delusion as a ‘ a false
unshakeable belief which arises from internal
morbid processes
8. • Jaspers regarded delusion as a perverted view
of reality, incorrigibly held so giving delusion 3
components
C.They are held with unusual conviction
D.They are not amenable to logic
E. The absurdity or erroneousness of their
content is manifest to other people.
10. • Conviction – degree of conviction
• Extension- degree to which delusional belief
involve areas of patients life
• Bizarreness- departure from reality
• Disorganization- degree to which delusional
beliefs are internally consistent, logical and
systemized
11. • Pressure- patients preoccupation with
delusion
• Affective response – the degree to which
patient’s emotions are involved with such
beliefs
• Deviant behavior- acting upon delusions
13. • Trema – delusional mood
• Apophany – search for and finding a new
meaning for psychological events
• Anastrophy- heightening of psychosis
• Consolidation- forming a new world or
psychological set based on new meanings
• Residuum – eventual autistic state
14. Primary delusions
• Delusion is not occurring in response to
another psychopathology
• “ apophany”
• New meaning arises in connection with some
other psychological event
• Arises ‘ de novo
15. • Core feature of a primary or autochthonous
delusion is that it is ultimately “
Ununderstandable” - Jaspers
• Eg: a female patient with schizophrenia
believes that men enter her flat anesthetize
her and gang rape her every night.
17. • Delusional mood- patient has a knowledge
that something is going around him that
concerns him, but he does not know what it is.
• Sudden delusional idea – the delusion occurs
fully formed ( autochthonous delusions)
18. • Delusional perception-
• Attribution of new meaning in the sense of
self reference to a normally perceived object
• The new meaning cannot be understood as
arising from the patient’s affective state or
previous attitudes
• ‘two memberedness’ ( Schneider)-
19. ‘two memberedness’
• there is a link from the perceived object to the
subjects perception of this object and a
second link to the new significance of this
perception
• Schneider divided delusional memory into
delusional perception and sudden delusional
ideas
20. Secondary delusions
• Arising from some other morbid experience
• Are Understandable
• Systematization ?...
• Completely systematized delusion- there is
one basic delusion and the remainder of the
system is logically built on this error
22. Delusional misidentification
• The capgras syndrome– familiar person is
been replaced by stranger
• Syndrome of Fregoli- stranger is familiar
23. • Syndrome of intermetamorphosis- familiar
person who is the persecuter shares physical
and psychologicalsimilarities with stranger
• Syndrome of subjective doubles- another
person is physically transformed to his own
self
24. • Ekbom syndrome- patient believes that he is
infested with small but macroscopic
organisms.
• Cotard’s syndrome- typically seen in psychotic
depression usually in elderly
• Shared delusion – communicated insanity,
Folie a deux, Folie a Communique
25. Overvalued ideas
• Thought that ,because of the associated
feeling tone ,takes precedence over other
ideas and maintains this precedence
permanently for a long period of time.
• Can occur in normal individuals also
26. • Overvalued idea is an acceptable,
comprehensible idea pursued by the patient
beyond the bounds of reason.
• It becomes so dominant that all other ideas
are secondary and relate to it.
• This term was introduced by Wernicke ( 1906)
28. obsessions
• A thought that persists and dominates an
individuals thinking despite that individual’s
awareness that the thought is either entirely
without a purpose or else has persisted and
dominated their thinking beyond the point of
relevance.
29. • It is a thought, idea, imagery or impulse
which is repetitive , intrusive, irrational,
recognised as ones own thought and ego
dystonic.
• Compulsions- are repetitive ritualistic motor
or cognitive acts which are used to control
anxiety secondary to obsessions