The OSI model defines 7 layers of network communication: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer has a specific function, with data being encapsulated as it moves down the stack and de-encapsulated as it moves up. The model was developed by ISO to provide a standard for connecting diverse computer systems across networks.
In computer networking, topology refers to the layout of connected devices.
In communication networks, a topology is a usually schematic description of the arrangement of a network,
including its nodes and connecting lines. There are two ways of defining network geometry: the physical topology
and the logical (or signal) topology.
In computer networking, topology refers to the layout of connected devices.
In communication networks, a topology is a usually schematic description of the arrangement of a network,
including its nodes and connecting lines. There are two ways of defining network geometry: the physical topology
and the logical (or signal) topology.
This presentation contains and will let you know about the various types of network and devices which are being used in the daily life. These devices are used as per the requirements in Office, Educational Institution, etc. This will help you in learning easily.
Understanding Networking Devices – A Brief Introduction | TechLinu.comTechLinu.com
All but the most basic of networks require devices to provide connectivity and functionality. Understanding how these networking devices operate and identifying the tasks they perform are important skills for any network administrator and requirements for a Network+ candidate.
This brief guide introduces usually used networking devices that you may encounter in your career as Network Administrator. This guide is also useful for BCS students and for passionate network learners.
Networking devices may include gateways, routers, network bridges, modems, wireless access points, networking cables, line drivers, switches, hubs, and repeaters; and may also include hybrid network devices such as multilayer switches, protocol converters, bridge routers, proxy servers, firewalls, network address.this ppt is important for student project
Here you will learn:
How to Connect two or more devices to share data and information.
What is OSI Model?
Introduction to OSI Model
What is Physical Layer?
Devices used Physical Layer
What is Signal?
Types of Signals?
Analog Signals
Digital SIgnals
What is Transmission Medium?
What Is Switch in Networking?
Networking 7 Layers.
.
Please like and comments your Question and suggestion?
This presentation contains and will let you know about the various types of network and devices which are being used in the daily life. These devices are used as per the requirements in Office, Educational Institution, etc. This will help you in learning easily.
Understanding Networking Devices – A Brief Introduction | TechLinu.comTechLinu.com
All but the most basic of networks require devices to provide connectivity and functionality. Understanding how these networking devices operate and identifying the tasks they perform are important skills for any network administrator and requirements for a Network+ candidate.
This brief guide introduces usually used networking devices that you may encounter in your career as Network Administrator. This guide is also useful for BCS students and for passionate network learners.
Networking devices may include gateways, routers, network bridges, modems, wireless access points, networking cables, line drivers, switches, hubs, and repeaters; and may also include hybrid network devices such as multilayer switches, protocol converters, bridge routers, proxy servers, firewalls, network address.this ppt is important for student project
Here you will learn:
How to Connect two or more devices to share data and information.
What is OSI Model?
Introduction to OSI Model
What is Physical Layer?
Devices used Physical Layer
What is Signal?
Types of Signals?
Analog Signals
Digital SIgnals
What is Transmission Medium?
What Is Switch in Networking?
Networking 7 Layers.
.
Please like and comments your Question and suggestion?
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
2. Overview
• Open Systems Interconnection
• Encapsulation
• Physical
• Data-link
• Network
• Transport
• Session
• Presentation
• Application
3. Open Systems Interconnection
• Proposed by the International Organization for
Standardization (IOS) and released in 1984
• Decidedly structured set of seven protocol layers
interconnecting as a stack
• Developed to maintain the ability to connect diverse
types of computers
• Valuable as a teaching and development tool
5. Encapsulation
The sending
station converts
data into
increasingly
smaller
capsules until
they are mere
bits
Puts those bits
back together
into increasingly
larger capsules
at the receiving
station
6.
7. Physical Layer
• Transmission of raw data in the form of a stream of bits
across physical media
• Physical Layer conveys the bit stream data through
electrical impulses, light, or radio signals
• The connections that are supported at the physical layer
are either multipoint or point-to-point
9. Data Link Layer
• It is the only layer with two sublayers: Media Access
Control (MAC) and Logical Link Control (LLC).
• The data-link layer supplies hardware addresses,
identifies errors, and manages flow control.
• Bit stream received from the physical layer is assembled
into larger pieces, called frames
• Able to insert control information into a frame header
• Source and destination of the frame on that network
segment
10. Data Link Layer
• Media Access Control (MAC)
– This sublayer defines how devices are able to gain
access to the media
– maintains the hardware address for the device
• The three types of MACs are:
– Contention
– Polling
– Token passing
11. Data Link Layer
• MAC Address
– also called the hardware address
– MAC address is unique to each interface
12. Data Link Layer
• Logical Link Control
– second data-link sublayer
– Responsible for logical link functions of single or
multiple connections
– LLC provides services to the higher-level network
layer
– The LLC primarily provides flow control and frame
sequencing services
13. Network Layer
• Providing an address for each network segment
• Providing a logical address for each device that is
separate from the MAC address
• Routing and forwarding data
• Selecting a route if there are multiple routes to the same
network segment
• Discovering the routes to other network segments
• Error handling, congestion control, and packet
sequencing
15. Network Layer
• RIP
– Distance Vector routing protocols periodically
broadcast the entire routing table to neighboring
routers
• OSPF
– These advanced protocols use a hello process to
announce a new router on the network
– the time it takes for the new routes to be added to the
network is greatly reduced
16. Transport Layer
• Provides for a transparent transfer of data
between the sender and receiver nodes
• Control information provides end-to-end
recovery and flow control
• Ensures that the data is completely
transferred
17. Transport Layer
• Connection Orientation
– Connection-oriented
• TCP
• Reliable Transfer
• use of acknowledgments (ACK)
– Connectionless
• UDP
• Does not use ACK
• Smaller headers and less time needed
18. Session Layer
• Establishes a connection between applications and
manages that connection until it terminates.
• Also terminate a session in an orderly manner
• Remote procedure calls (RPCs) function at the session
layer
• Example : Telnet and Citrix MetaFrame ICA sessions
• Data is transmitted in a session in three ways
– Simplex.
– Half-duplex..
– Full-duplex.
19. Presentation Layer
• Provides the way for data to be presented to the
application
• Encryption/decryption and data compression/expansion
are handled at this layer
• provide formatting data
• Bit order
• Byte order
• Character code
• File syntax.
20. Application Layer
• Supports end-user processes
• Specific to the application being used.
• Application-layer protocols connect across the
internetwork in three ways
– Collaborative computing
– Operating system call interception
– Remote operation