3. The human body is made up of different
systems that coordinate with one another to
perform their functions well.
If any of these organ
systems malfunctions, the
body will become
unbalanced. The instability
caused by the
malfunctioning of one
system cannot be made
stable by other systems
because each system has its
own function in the body.
5. Directions: Study each set of
diagrams showing different organs of
the human body. Then, determine
which organ does not belong to the
group by naming it.
18. Did you know that your brain works round
the clock for as long as you
live? Your brain does not only control your
thoughts, emotions, and movements
but also numerous things that you are less
aware of such as your breathing,
your heartbeat, and even the stress that you
feel.
20. THE CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
“Active and light speed”
The CNS serves as the main processing center
for the entire nervous system. It consists of two
main components; brain and spinal cord.
25. The part that connects the brain
to the spinal cord.
Controls automatic functions
such as breathing, digestion,
heart rate, and blood pressure.
Brain Stem
27. This serves as a channel for
signals between the brain and the rest
of the body, and controls simple
musculoskeletal reflexes without input
from the brain.
SPINAL CORD
28. THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM
“A bond that connects different world”
The PNS connects the central nervous
system to the organs and limbs. It has two
main divisions: somatic and autonomic
nervous system.
32. A.1. Spinal Nerves
The nerves that carry motor
and sensory signals between
the spinal cord and the body.
A.2. Cranial Nerves
The nerve fibers that carry
information into and out of
the brain stem.
34. This system is associated with
the involuntary control of body
movements and has two
subdivisions.
B. AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEM
35. SYMPATHETIC
when the body is
in a dynamic role
or stress.
(e.g., increased
heart rate and
breathing, dilation
of pupil,
sweating, etc.)
PARASYMPATHETIC
maintains body
functions and
restores the
body to normal or
relaxed mode.
AUTONOMI
C
40. Axon is a long narrow connecting line
that snakes away from the cell body to
send electrical impulses to other
neurons
Axon
41. Dendrites are the tree-root shaped part of the
neuron which are usually shorter and more
numerous than axons. Their purpose is to receive
information from the neurons and to transmit
electrical signal to the cell body
Dendrites
42. It is a layer of fatty material that covers the axons
of neurons. Its purpose is to insulate one nerve
cell from another and to prevent the impulse from
one neuron from interfering with the impulse from
another
Myelin Sheath
44. The Nerve Impulse
Neurons are cells with the special ability to
carry signals or impulses. Thoughts, emotions,
learning, and many body functions are carried by
nerve impulses in the neurons.
A nerve impulse is not a flow of electricity,
but an electrochemical signal moving along a
neuron.
CONTROL OF BODY
PROCESSES THROUGH THE
NERVOUS SYSTEM
45. Sensory Neurons
are nerve cells that carry nerve
impulses from sensory receptors
toward the central nervous system and
brain
Types of Neurons
46. Motor Neurons
are nerve cells that are responsible
for carrying signals away from the
central nervous system towards muscle
to cause movement
Types of Neurons
52. Trials Centimeters where the ruler fell
Eyes open Eyes closed
Left hand Right hand Left hand Right hand
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
Average
Construct a table like the one given below, to record your data.
53. 2. Have your partner hold
a metric ruler at its end
with the highest number
in cm.
3. Place the thumb and
forefinger of your left
hand close to, but not
touching, the end with
the lowest number.
4. When your partner
drops the ruler, try to
catch it between your
thumb and finger.
54. 5. Record where the top of your
thumb is, when you catch the ruler.
This
number gives how many
centimeters the ruler fell.
6. Repeat steps 2 to 5 five more
times and record the
measurements on the
data table that you have
constructed earlier.
7. Repeat steps 2 to 5 five more
times using your right hand to
catch the
ruler.
55. Guide Questions:
(Answers will depend on whether the person is left-handed or
right-handed)
Q1. With which hand did you catch the ruler faster when your
eyes were open?
Q2. With which hand did you catch the ruler faster when your
eyes were closed?
Q3. Did you catch the ruler faster with your eyes open or
closed?
Q4. Explain why a message moving along nerve pathways takes
time.
Q5. Describe the nerve pathway that the message followed
when you saw the
ruler fall.
Editor's Notes
Neurons are the information processing units of brain responsible for sending , receiving , and transmitting electrochemical signals throughout trhe body
Neurons do not touch each other . One neuron comes to close with other neurons through synapse (synaptic transmission)
Extend the axon and dendrites
Conducts electrical impulses along the neuron cell.
