This document discusses different scales of fermentation including small, large, and pilot scales. Small scale fermenters are bench or lab scale systems that are smaller but highly automated and used as precursors for large plants. Pilot scale fermenters are small industrial systems used to generate information to design larger facilities. Large scale fermenters can have variable capacities and commonly use continuous stirred tank reactor designs. The document also covers the components, objectives, materials, and designs of fermentation systems at different scales.

1. Presented by:
Neha Agrawal
m.sc. 3rd sem

2. CONTENT
• Introduction
• Component of fermenter
• Scale of Fermentation
–Small scale fermentation
• Objectives
• Material and method
• Fermentation design
–Large scale fermentation
–Pilot scale fermentation
• Advantages & disadvantages of fermenter

4. To produce microbial cells or biomass
To produce microbial enzymes.
To produce microbial metabolites.
To produce recombinant products.
To modify a compound which is added to the fermentation
( transformation)

5. FERMENTER
• A fermenter is basically a device in which the organism
are cultivated to form the desired product.
• It is containment system design to give right environment
for optimal growth and metabolic activity of the organism

9. SCALE UP OF FERMENTER
Small scale
fermentor
Large scale
fermentor
Pilot scale
fermentor

10. SMALL SCALE FERMENTER
• Small scale fermenter are same as large fermenter (bioreactor).
• They are two type : bench scale or lab scale system.
• They are small but highly automated and customized for the application.
• Precursor of large plant.
• They can lab as CSTR or autoclave fixed, fixed on fluidized bed reactor application.

11. OBJECTIVE
• Minimize manual handling.
• Releasing economic on scale.
• Production if biopharmaceutical.
• Large scale experimentation are time consuming and expensive.
• They are use to exphase key variable before a move to large scale bioreactor is
made.

12. MATERIAL AND METHOD
• Tank- bioreactor
• Media- media for animal (serum, serum free)
for plant (MS, B5)
for microbes (urea enrichment)
• Power requirement-
• Inoculums- Inoculation of small scale fermenter of 250-
1000 liter capacity.
Fermenter inoculating using submerged inoculums for seed
fermenters.

13. • Maintains and optimum condition-
pH
Temperature
Agitation
Aeration
oxygen demand
• Harvesting – Product are two type-
Intracellular (Biomass)
Extracellular (Remove cell)

14. • If the product are extracellular, product is removal
of large solid particle and microbes cell usually be
centrifugation.
• The broth is fractionated or extracted in to major
fraction using ultracentrifugation, reverse osmosis,
gel filtration/ ion exchange/ adsorption.

15. FERMENTER DESIGN
• This largely determines the ranges of temperature and
pH that can considered, the degree of aerobiocity
required and the probable effect of contamination.
• The selection of fermenter configuration, i.e. a form of
batch stirred, continuous stirred tank or tubular
fermenter.

16. • The determination of fermenter dimension, e.g. volume
and diameter, and the values of the operating variables,
temp., and pH .
• The extent of the heat transfer surface and the mixing
devise required.
• Power and aeration requirements.
• The mechanical design, including selection of materials of
construction and maintenance of aseptic conditions.

17. SMALL SCALE FERMENTATION
DESIGN
• Two type of fermenter-
Bench fermenter
Lab scale fermenter.
Capacity-(1 – 100 liter).
Height Ratio 2:1.
Portable and fixed.

18. LARGE SCALE FERMENTER
• They are large capacity is variable.
• Many size variable.
• 2:1 ratio is common.
• Common type CSTR.
• E.g.:- bioreactor.

20. PILOT SCALE FERMENTER
A pilot scale fermenter is a small
industrial system, which is operated to
generate information about the
behavior of the system for use
in design of larger facilities.
Pilot plant is a relative term in the
sense that plants are typically smaller
than full-scale production plants, but
are built in a range of sizes.