Near Field Communication (NFC) is a short-range wireless technology that allows data exchange between devices within 10 cm of each other. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz and works in both active and passive modes. It has standards defined by ISO, ECMA, and NFC Forum. NFC is used for applications like contactless payments, social networking, identity tokens, and automating tasks with NFC tags. While convenient, it has limitations like low data rates and security risks from mobile hacking.

1. NEAR FIELD
COMMUNICATION
SEMINAR PRESENTED BY
VASANTHRAJ KIRUBHAKARAN
108116102

2. INTRODUCTION
• NFC or Near Field Communication is a short range high
frequency wireless communication technology.
• NFC is mainly aimed for mobile or handheld devices.
• A radio communication is established by touching the two
devices or keeping them in a proximity of a few centimetres.
• NFC is an extension of Radio frequency identification or RFID
technology.
• RFID is mainly used for tracking and identification by sending
radio waves.

3. RFID VS NFC
RFID is the process by which items are uniquely
identified using radio waves, and NFC is a
specialized subset within the family of RFID
technology. Specifically, NFC is a branch of High-
Frequency (HF) RFID, and both operate at the
13.56 MHz frequency. NFC is designed to be a
secure form of data exchange, and an NFC device
is capable of being both an NFC reader and an
NFC tag. This unique feature allows NFC devices
to communicate peer-to-peer.

4. EVOLUTION OF NFC
In 2004, NFC Forum
was formed by
Nokia, Philips and
Sony to set
standards for NFC
In 2006, first mobile
phone (NOKIA 6131)
with NFC released by
NOKIA.
In 2010, first android
phone SAMSUNG
NEXUS S with NFC
support released.

5. STANDARDS
• NFC was approved as an ISO/IEC standard on December 8, 2003 and
later as an ECMA standard.
• ISO/IEC 18092 / ECMA-340 - Near Field Communication Interface and
Protocol-1 (NFCIP).
 Specifies the interface and protocol for simple wireless communication between
close coupled devices. These Near Field Communication (NFC) devices
communicate with bit rates of 106, 212, and 424 kbit/s.
• ISO/IEC 21481 / ECMA-352 - Near Field Communication Interface and
Protocol-2 (NFCIP-2).
 Specifies the mechanism to detect and select one of three possible
communication modes: NFC (ISO/IEC 18092), PCD (ISO/IEC 14443), VCD
(ISO/IEC 15693)
 Support for the PICC mode from ISO/IEC 14443
• NFC Forum has defined a common data format called NFC Data
Exchange Format (NDEF).

6. SPECIFICATIONS
• Range of 10 cm or less.
• Operates at 13.56 MHz on ISO/IEC 18000-3 air interface and at rates ranging
from 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s.
• Operates within the globally available and unlicensed radio frequency ISM
band of 13.56 MHz.
• Bandwidth of 14 kHz to map data on the RF carrier. Sidebands of NFC RF
modulated spectrum may extend upto +/- 1.8MHz.
• Theoretical working distance with compact standard antennas: up to 20 cm
(practical working distance of about 4 cm).
• Supported data rates: 106, 212 or 424 kbit/s (the bit rate 848 kbit/s is not
compliant with the standard ISO/IEC 18092).
• NFC devices are able to receive and transmit data at the same time.

7. WORKING
• Near-field communication uses inductive coupling between two
nearby loop antennas effectively forming an air-core
transformer.
• Since the distances involved are tiny compared to the
wavelength of electromagnetic radiation (radio waves) of that
frequency (about 22 meters), the interaction is described as near
field.
• Only an alternating magnetic field is involved so that almost no
power is actually radiated in the form of radio waves; that
essentially prevents interference between such devices and any
radio communications at the same frequency or with other NFC
devices much beyond its intended range.

8. Communication Modes
Passive Active
• The initiator device provides a
carrier field and the target device
answers by modulating the existing
field.
• In this mode, the target device may
draw its operating power from the
initiator-provided electromagnetic
field, thus making the target device
a transponder.
• Both initiator and target device
communicate by alternately
generating their own fields.
• A device deactivates its RF field
while it is waiting for data.
• In this mode, both devices typically
have power supplies.

10. Modes of operation
Reader/Writer mode Peer-to-peer mode Card emulation mode
In this mode, NFC device can
read a tag. The tag here
usually is integrated in a
smart poster or sticker.
In this mode, devices are self
powered. Here both the
devices communicate with
each other and share the
information.
In this mode, NFC compliant
device communicates with
the reader just like a smart
card.

12. APPLICATIONS
• Commerce- contactless payment systems
• Social networking - NFC can be used in social networking
situations, such as sharing contacts, photos, videos or files, and
entering multiplayer mobile games.
• Identity and access tokens - act as electronic identity
documents and keycards
• Smartphone automation and NFC tags - Smartphones
equipped with NFC can be paired with NFC Tags or stickers
which can be programmed by NFC apps to automate tasks.

13. TOUCH AND GO TOUCH AND CONFIRM TOUCH AND CONNECT

14. ADVANTAGES
• NFC is used for multiple applications in various domains such as banking,
reservations, booking tickets, redeeming, entry/exit passes etc.
• It helps both customers and enterprises.
• It provides secured identification method.
• It provides more security compared to magnetic strip based debit and credit
cards. It also uses PIN.
• It does not require search and pair procedure like Bluetooth and other
methods to establish connectivity.
• No special software is needed. Moreover it does not require manual
configurations and settings.
• It is compatible with existing RFID networks.
• It is very convenient to perform payments and other transactions with
smartphones using NFC.

15. DISADVANTAGES
• It offers very low data transfer rates which is about 106 or 212 or
424 kbps.
• It is very expensive for the companies to adopt the NFC enabled
devices.
• Though it is more secure compare to credit/debit card based
system, it is not completely risk free. This is due to the fact that
mobile based hacking is common now-a-days due to availability
of advanced tools and techniques which provide complete
access to smart devices.