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![Near Field
Communica-
tion
NFC
Jeevan George
Antony
References I 19
1 Naveed Ashraf Chattha. ”NFC - Vulnerabilities and De-
fense” - Short Paper, published in Information Assurance
and Cyber Security (CIACS), 2014 Conference on 12-13
June 2014, pp. 35-38 , publisher- IEEE.
2 ”Near Field Communication (NFC)Technology and Mea-
surements”-White Paper Roland Minihold-06-2011(1MA1825e)
3 ISO/IEC 18092. ”Near Field Communication - Interface
and Protocol,”-2004.
4 Near Field Communication’ - White Paper, Ecma/TC32-
TG19/2005/012, Internet: www.ecma international.org, 2005
[May. 24, 2014].
5 NFC-Near Field Communication, Reader/Writer Operating
Mode [May. 28, 2014].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/nfcfinal-150811164912-lva1-app6892/85/NEAR-FIELD-COMMUNICATION-NFC-19-320.jpg)
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NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION (NFC)
Near field communication (NFC) is a short-range wireless technology that allows data exchange between devices when touched together or brought within close proximity. NFC operates at 13.56 MHz and can communicate at speeds up to 424 kilobits per second within a 10 centimeter range. The document discusses NFC architecture, communication modes, operating modes, threats including eavesdropping and data modification, and defenses such as using encryption to establish a secure channel. It also provides applications of NFC like contactless payments and digital content sharing.
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NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION (NFC)
- 1. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NEARFIELD COMMUNICATION (NFC) Jeevan George Antony Uni.Roll No: 12018124 Guided by: Mr. Arun Madhu Assistant Professor St. Joseph’s College of Engineering and Technology August 7, 2015
- 2. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony Overview2 INTRODUCTION Literature Survey - Applications Of NFC NFC ARCHITECTURE NFC - INITIATOR AND TARGET NFC - COMMUNICATION MODES NFC - OPERATING MODES NFC - THREATS & DEFENSE CONCLUSION REFERENCES
- 3. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony Introduction3 Short range wireless communication technology which validates two-way interaction between electronic devices allowing contactless transactions and provides an ease to connect devices with a single touch. Based on the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), it uses magnetic field induction to enable communication between electronic devices. Designed for integration with mobile phones, which can communicate with other phones (peer-to-peer) or read information on tags and cards (reader). It operates on 13.56 MHz frequency with data rate of up to 424 kilobits per second at a distance of 10 centimeters. Vulnerable to numerous kinds of attacks.
- 4. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony LiteratureSurvey 4 Title Near Field Communication (NFC)Technology and Measurements White Paper Roland Minihold -06-2011 (1MA1825e) Applications Of NFC: Mobile payment. Authentication, access control - store electronic keys, legit- imations on NFC phones. Data transfer between different NFC-units (peer-to-peer data exchange) like NFC-smart phones, digital cameras, note- books, etc. Access to digital information, like Download maps from smart poster to NFC phone.
- 5. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFCARCHITECTURE 5 Figure 1: NFC ARCHITECTURE
- 6. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- INITIATOR AND TARGET 6 Initiator NFC model involves two devices for the communication, an initiator and a target. Initiator starts communication and is typically an active NFC device.it is responsible for energizing the target in case the target device is a passive device Target Target device can either be an RFID tag based card or an RFID based NFC device.They respond to the requests generated by initiator in the form of responses. Communication between devices takes place over a single RF band which is shared by devices in half-duplex mode.
- 7. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- COMMUNICATION MODES 7 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE NFC interface operate in two different modes An active device generates its own radio frequency (RF) field, whereas a device in passive mode has to use inductive coupling to transmit data. For battery-powered devices,it is better to act in passive mode.No internal power source is required in active mode. In passive mode, a device can be powered by the RF field of an active NFC device and transfers data using load modulation. Communication between two active devices is called Active communication mode. Communication between an active and a passive device is called Passive communication mode.
- 8. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- OPERATING MODES 8 Figure 2: Peer-To-Peer
- 9. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- OPERATING MODES ....Continuing.... 9 Figure 3: Reader/Writer Mode
- 10. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- OPERATING MODES ....Continuing.... 10 Figure 4: Tag Emulation Mode
- 11. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- Threats & Defense 11 Eavesdropping The attacker can use bigger and powerful antennas than the mobile devices to receive the communication.This enables the attacker to eavesdrop an NFC communication over greater distances. Passive mode data transmission is comparatively difficult to be attacked upon than Active mode communication. Solution to this type of vulnerability is to use a secure channel. Communication over NFC channel should be authentication based using the authentication and encryption schemes.
- 12. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- Threats & Defense 12 Data Modification Here attacker changes the actual data with valid but incorrect data. The receiver in this case receives data manipulated by the attacker during its transmission. The best solution to defend against data modification attacks is to use a secure channel for transmission and reception of data.
- 13. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- Threats & Defense 13 Data Corruption The data transmitted over NFC interface can be modified by an attacker if he/she can intercept it. It can be considered as denial of service if the attacker changes the data in an unrecognized format. If the devices can detect the strength of an RF field and the difference when there is some additional RF in the same field then it can effectively counter this type of threat. A higher amount of power than the typical power of the RF field is required to corrupt data being transmitted. The increased power should be easily detected by the NFC devices.
- 14. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- Threats & Defense 14 Data Insertion Unwanted data can be inserted in the form of messages by an attacker into the data while being exchanged between two devices. The success of attacker in this manipulation depends upon the duration of communication and the response time of the receiving device. A possible countermeasure is possible if the answering device responds to the first device without a delay. The best way to counter data insertion attack is by using a secure channel for the communication.
- 15. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- Threats 15 Man-in-Middle Attack A third party tricks the two legitimate parties to be the other legitimate party and thus routing the communication between the two parties to go through the third party. A Man-in-Middle attack is practically impossible to be carried out at short distance,i.e ¡10cm. The active device should monitor the RF field for any possible disturbance or attack scenario.
- 16. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- Threats & Defense 16 Secure Channel for NFC The best approach to guard against maximum attacks is to use a secure channel between the communicating devices. Diffie-Hellmann key agreement protocol can be used in conjunction with RSA or Elliptic Curves to protect and authenticate the channel between two communicating devices. The arrangement can be augmented with use of symmetric key scheme like 3DES or AES. The arrangement can provide confidentiality, integrity and authentication.
- 17. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony NFC- Threats & Defense 17 Diffie-Hellmann key agreement protocol - method of securely exchanging cryptographic keys over a public channel- was one of the first public-key protocols RSA- practical public-key cryptosystems - widely used for secure data transmission Elliptic curve cryptography - an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields Triple DES (3DES) - common name for the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm symmetric-key block cipher AES - also known as Rijndael - based on a combination of both substitution and permutation, and is fast in both software and hardware.
- 18. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony Conclusion18 Secure channel implementations in NFC can protect against maximum attacks. Communication over NFC channel is protected against Man-in-Middle attack due to the small distance of communication involved.
- 19. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony ReferencesI 19 1 Naveed Ashraf Chattha. ”NFC - Vulnerabilities and De- fense” - Short Paper, published in Information Assurance and Cyber Security (CIACS), 2014 Conference on 12-13 June 2014, pp. 35-38 , publisher- IEEE. 2 ”Near Field Communication (NFC)Technology and Mea- surements”-White Paper Roland Minihold-06-2011(1MA1825e) 3 ISO/IEC 18092. ”Near Field Communication - Interface and Protocol,”-2004. 4 Near Field Communication’ - White Paper, Ecma/TC32- TG19/2005/012, Internet: www.ecma international.org, 2005 [May. 24, 2014]. 5 NFC-Near Field Communication, Reader/Writer Operating Mode [May. 28, 2014].
- 20. Near Field Communica- tion NFC Jeevan George Antony ReferencesII 20 6 G. Avoine. Rfid: Adversary model and attacks on existing protocols, EPFL, Station 14- Building INF, CH-1015 Lau- sanne, Switzerland, Tech. Rep. LASEC-REPORT-2005- 001, Sep. 2005. 7 G. Hancke. Practical Attacks on Proximity Identification System, in Proc. Symposium on Security and Privacy, pp. 328-333, May. 2006. 8 T. S. Heydt-Benjamin, D. V. Bailey, K. Fu, A. Juels, and T. OHare, Vulnerabilities in first-generation RFID enabled credit cards, in Proc. Conf. on Financial Cryptography and data Security, pp. 1-22, Feb. 2007. 9 www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NearF ieldC ommunication.
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