This document discusses Bluetooth-based smart sensor devices. It begins with an abstract and introduction to Bluetooth technology, defining it as a short-range wireless standard. It then covers Bluetooth operations, topologies of piconets and scatternets, and how Bluetooth works. The document discusses using sensors with Bluetooth, including examples like pressure sensors. It describes building Bluetooth-based wireless sensor networks and addressing Bluetooth security. It outlines characteristics and applications of Bluetooth technology, as well as advantages and disadvantages. The conclusion envisions future expansion of Bluetooth applications.

1. BLUETOOTH BASED
SMART SENSOR DEVICE

2. CONTENT
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 BLUETOOTH DEFINITION
 BLUETOOTH OPERATION
 BLUETOOTH TOPOLOGY
 SENSOR
 BLUETOOTH BASED SENSOR
 BLUETOOTH BASED SENSOR NETWORK
 WIRELESS BASED SENSOR NETWORK
 BLUETOOTH SECURITY
 CHARACTERISTICS
 APPLICATION
 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
 REFERENCE

3. BLUETOOTH BASED SMART SENSOR
DEVICE
Abstract— Bluetooth is a radio frequency
specification for short range, point to point
and point to multi point voice and data
transfer. Bluetooth technology provides a low
cost, low power and low complexity solution
for ad-hoc wireless connectivity. The
technology is capable of connecting a wide
variety of devices like Personal Digital
Assistants (PDA), mobile and cordless phones,
headsets, desktops and notebook PCs, digital
cameras, home appliances etc. Bluetooth
technology represents an opportunity for the
industry to deliver wireless solutions that are
ubiquitous across a broad range of devices.
Keywords—
SIG = Special Interest Group
ISM = Industrial, Scientific, Medical Radio bands
L2CAP = Logical link control and adaptation
protocol
LMP = Link Manager Protocol
SDP = Service discovery protocol
OBEX = Object exchange protocol
DSSS = Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum.
FHSS = Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
I. INTRODUCTION
Bluetooth was named for the 10th Century
Viking king,HaraldBlatand A.K.A., Bluetooth)
who peacefully united all the tiny island
kingdoms ofDenmark, southern Sweden, and
southern Norway into one country. In keeping
with its namesake, Bluetooth, the new low-cost
radio technology, is designed to unite or connect
all different types of devices to effectively works
one.
Bluetooth Support point-to-point connections
it operates in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and is based
on a low-cost, short-range radio link that
facilitated-hoc connections for stationary and
mobile communication environments. There has
been much interest in the Bluetooth technology
since it could enable users to connect to a wide
range of computing and telecommunications

4. devices without the need to buy, carry, or
connect cables.
II. BLUETOOTH DEFINITIONS
BLUETOOTH IS A WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY STANDARD
FOR EXCHANGING DATA OVER SHORT DISTANCES (USING
SHORT-WAVELENGTH RADIO TRANSMISSIONS IN THE ISM
BAND FROM 2400–2480 MHZ) FROM FIXED AND
MOBILE DEVICES, CREATING PERSONAL AREA NETWORKS
(PANS) WITH HIGH LEVELS OF SECURITY
1) Piconet: Devices connected in an ad hoc
fashion, that is, not requiring predefinition
and planning, as with a standard network it
is a peer network, that is, once connected,
each device has equal access to the others.
2) Scatternet:Several piconets may form a
larger scatternet, with each piconet
maintaining independence.
3) Master unit: The master in a piconet whose
clock and hopping sequence synchronizes
the other devices.
4) Slave unit: Devices in a piconet that are not
the master.
5) MAC address: Three bit address that
distinguishes each unit in a piconet.
6) Parked units: Piconet devices that are
synchronized but don't have MAC
addresses
7) Sniff and hold mode: Power-saving mode of
a piconet device.
Such Definitions being available in Bluetooth
technology will provide highly efficient
performance standards.
III. BLUETOOTH TOPOLOGY
Depending on the type of connections
established between various Bluetooth device, 2
main topologies such as :
1. PICONET TOPOLOGY
2. SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY
To any techno, there are two prime
components:
1. MASTER device
2. SLAVE device
PICONET TOPOLOGY
 A piconet consists of upto 8BWT-
enabled device.
 When piconet is established , one
device sets up frequency hopping
pattern and other devices synchronize
there signal to same pattern ,

5.  Primary devices: Those device which
set the frequency hopping pattern.
 Secondary devices: Those device
which gets synchronised.
 Each piconet has a different
frequency-hopping pattern.
PICONET TOPOLGY (contd)
 When more than 7 device need to
communicate, then one or more
devices are put in park state.
 3 Bluetooth low power mode
are:SNIFF,HOLD AND PARK
 Park Mode : A device disassociate
from piconet when in a park mode.
 The master consistendly sends
warnings to invite a slave to rejoin the
piconet.
 The slaves can rejoin only if there a
less than 7 slaves
 If not so,the master has to ‘park’ one
of active slaves.
SCATTERNET TOPOLOGY
 Scatternet consist of several
piconets connected by devices
participating in multiple piconet.
 Here,device can be slaves in all
piconets or master in one
piconet and slave in other
piconets.
 There is a ‘BRIDGE’
connecting 2 piconets which is
also a slave in individual
piconet.
ADVANTAGES OF SCATTERNET;
 Higher throughput
 Multi-hop connections between
device in different piconets.

6. HOW BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY WORKS
The technology of Bluetooth centres around
9mm x 9mm microchip, which functions as a
low cost and short range radio link. Bluetooth
Technology provides a 10 meter personal bubble
that support simultaneous transmission of both
voice and data for multiple devices. Up to 7
devices can be connected in a piconet, and up to
10 piconets can exist within the 10 meter bubble.
In Bluetooth the transceiver transmits and
receives in a previously unused frequency band
of 2.45 GHz that is available globally. Each
device has a unique 48-bit address from the
IEEE 802 standard. Connections can be point-to-
point or multipoint. The maximum range is 10-
100 meters. Data can be exchanged at a rate of 1
megabit per second.
BLUETOOTH NETWORK ARRANGEMENT
Bluetooth network arrangements (topology)
can be either point-to-point or point-to-
multipoint. Any unit in a piconet can establish a
connection to another piconet to form a scatter
net.
See the figure, In whichscatternetis shown
having piconet A, (consists of four units), and
connected to piconet B, (consisting of two units).
Note that the master unit of A is 1,whereas 2,3,4
will acts as slaves. But, In unit B master/slave
can be either 1 / 2.
IV. SENSOR
A sensor is a device that measures a physical
quantity and converts it into a signal which can
be read by an observer or by an instrument.
For example, a mercury thermometer converts
the measured temperature into the expansion
and contraction of a liquid which can be read
on a calibrated glass tube.

7. SENSOR DEVICES
There are lots of sensensing device such as
 PRESSURE SENSOR
 TEMPERATURE SENSOR
 SOUND SENSOR
 WIND SENSOR
 MOTION SENSOR
 LIGHT SENSOR etc.
V. BLUETOOTH BASED SENSOR
In the current days the
Technology become well developing in
the world. One of recent technology is
Bluetooth based sensor. which is very
useful and get great benefit for
universe, mankind etc.
VI. BLUETOOTH BASED SENSOR
NETWORKS
 Challenge; it is to ensure
interoperability among various
Bluetooth manufacture device and to
provide numerous application.
 One such application is; WIRELESS
SENSOR NETWORK(WSN).
 Important features of WSN;
Collaboration of network nodes during
and Data Centric nature.
 Many smart sensor nodes scattered in
the field collect data and send it to
users via ‘gateway’ using multi-hop
routes.
VII. WIRELESS SENSOR
NETWORKS(WSN)
WSN consists of number of small
devices equipped with a sensing unit,
microprocessor, wireless
communication interface and power
source.
Two main operation performed by
WSN are;
 QUERING- Queries are used
when user requires only the
current value of the
observation
 TASKING- More complex
operation
Used when a phenomenon
has to be observed over a
large period of time.
EXAMPLE;
PRESSURE SENSOR;
The Bluetooth based Pressure
Sensor is use sense the pressure through
Bluetooth.

8. For implementation of Pressure Sensor as
Bluetooth Node, following components are
important;
 Bluetooth Device
 Sensors
 Microcontroller
 TEDS-Transducer Electronic Data
Sheet
FIGURE REPRESENT WIRELESS SENSOR NODE
VIII. Bluetooth Security
By default, most Bluetooth devices operate in
unprotected "non-secure" mode. Security is
provided in three ways: through pseudo-random
frequency band hops, authentication, and
encryption.
When link security is enabled, Bluetooth
devices must complete an initial "bonding"
exchange to derive pair wise link authentication
and encryption keys. The user must give both
devices the same PIN code, which is then mixed
with a factory-defined unit key. But this pairing
process can be compromised by use of weak or
predictable PIN codes. To reduce risk, devices
should be paired in a private location, using a
long, random PIN code. Avoid default PIN
codes, easily guessed PIN codes ("0000") and
devices that do not support configurable PIN
codes. After bonding, paired Bluetooth devices
associate to each other whenever they want to
exchange data.
IX. BLUETOOTH RANGE IN WORLD
From the chart we can understand the
one of main technology provided in
technological field is ‘BLUETOOTH’.
BLUETOOTH CHARACTERISTICS
SENSOR
MICRO
CONTROL
BLUETOOTH
DEVICE
SENSOR

9.  It separates the frequency band into
hops. This spread spectrum is used to
hop from one channel to another,
which adds a strong layer of security.
 Seven to eight devices can be
networked in a piconet.
Signals can be transmitted even through walls
and briefcases, thus eliminating the need for
line-of-sight.
 Devices do not need to be pointed at
each other, as signals are Omni-
directional.
 Both synchronous and asynchronous
applications are supported, making it
easy to implement on a variety of
devices and for a variety of services,
such as voice and Internet.
 Governments worldwide regulate it, so
it is possible to utilize the same
standard wherever one travels.
X. APPLICATIONS
1) Hands free devices, music players, car-
driving system to ensure safety.
2) In Gaming consoles. i.e. PSPs.
3) Wireless connection of input/output
devices like key-board, Monitor, mouse,
Printer etc with PC.
4) Wireless internet access using
Bluetooth Dongle.
5) Smart sensor devices, In medical, sports
field.
6) Latest version used In Apple iPad,
iPhone 4S.
XI. Advantages of Bluetooth Technology
1) No line of site restrictions for signal
tranmitting.
2) Interoperability.
3) Mass Production at Low Cost
4) Ease of Use
5) End User Experience
6) Less power consumption makes its
usage in battery powered devices very
practical.
7) 2.4 GHz radio frequency ensures
worldwide operability.
XII. DISADVANTAGES OF
BLUETOOTH TECHNOLOGY
 Average speed
 Less range

10. XIII. Bluetooth in Future
Bluetooth is a continually expanding technology. There
are plans to add many new application profiles. With over
15000 companies working on Bluetooth, the future is very
bright. With a strong special interest group behind
Bluetooth, the standardization of the application profiles
is almost assured. But, to sustain Bluetooth should keep
on adding consumer needed applications. Because in the
era of Android, people prefer applications rather than
technology.
XIV. Acknowledgment
I wish to express sincere thanks to my Eee
department for arranging such a nice event. So
that I researched all this about Bluetooth.I also
extend my heartfelt thanks to my colleagues,
family members and well-wishers.
REFERENCE
1) The official Bluetooth site:
http://www.bluetooth.com
2) http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluet
ooth
3) http://www.intel.com/mobile/bluetoo
th
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9) Specification of the Bluetooth System 1.1
(2001). [Online]. Available:
www.bluetooth.com
10) IEEE Standard for Information technology,
Telecommunications and Information
Exchange Between Systems, Local and
Metropolitan Area Networks. Part 11:
Wireless LAN Medium Access Control

11. (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications, IEEE Standard IEEE802.11,
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