This document discusses the nature vs nurture debate regarding the development of traits in humans. It explains that heredity, through the transmission of genes from parents to offspring, plays a key role in determining traits like height and eye color. However, the impact of one's environment through factors like education and living conditions is also influential. Twin studies are often used to help understand the relative impact of nature vs nurture, by comparing identical twins who share all genes to fraternal twins who only share some. Questions remain about the influence of heredity and environment on traits like intelligence, personality and psychological disorders.

1. Nature vs. nurture

2. HeredityTransmission of characteristics from parents to offspringPlays a key role in the development of traitsHeight, eye color, etc.Could be involved in many psychological disorders:Depression SchizophreniaBipolar disorderAlcoholism

3. Genes and ChromosomesGenes- basic building blocks of heredityDetermined by pairs- one gene from each parentChromosomes Made up of genesMost normal human cells contain 46 chromosomesWhen this does occur- a disability may occurDown syndrome occurs when there is an extra chromosome on the 21st pair 22 of the 23 pairs for male and female are the sameThe 23rd pair will determine whether we are male or female

4. Nature-nurture debate Nature- refers to what people inherit from their parents Nurture- refers to a variety of factors such as education, culture, living conditions Debate over which (nature or nurture) has a greater impact on the kind of person that you become

5. Kinship studies Twin Studies- used to determine how much genetics determine who we areIdentical twins share the same genetic makeup, so differences must be caused by the environment (nurture)Fraternal twins only share some of their genes so differences could be caused by genetics or the environmentIdentical twins are more likely to share disorders such as autism, substance abuse, and schizophreniaThe problem with twin studies is that they grow up together and therefore, have the same genes but also the same environment

6. Identical twins Share the same genes and environment

7. Fraternal twins A million to one odds: one black baby and one white

8. Nature Vs. nurture debateQuestions to think about:How are differences in intelligence, personality, and psychological disorders influenced by heredity and environment?Is sexual orientation biologically predisposed or learned?Should we treat depression as a disorder of the brain or a disorder of thought or both?