This document provides an overview of stealth technology presented in an airport engineering course. It discusses the history of stealth technology beginning in World War II. Types of detection like radar cross section are explained. Methods to reduce radar cross section through vehicle shape, coatings, composites, and absorbing materials are outlined. Both pros and cons of stealth aircraft are discussed, noting their high costs but also military advantages over conventional aircraft. In conclusion, while stealth technology provides benefits for military combat, its high expenses make it impractical for developing countries.
Stealth refers to the act of trying to hide or evade detection. Stealth technology is
ever increasingly becoming a paramount tool in battle especially “high technology wars”
if one may occur in the future where invisibility will mean invincibility. Able to strike with
impunity, stealth aircraft, missiles and warships are virtually invisible to most types of
military sensors. The experience gained at the warfront emphasizes the need to
incorporate stealth features at the design stage itself. According to conventional military
wisdom, surprise is the best form of attack. With evermore sophisticated methods of
detection, however, catching the enemy unawares has becoming increasingly difficult.
Thus paving way to the development of increasingly sophisticated technologies that help
in evading the enemy's ever vigilant “eyes”.
“The future is bright, the future is stealth”
Stealth refers to the act of trying to hide or evade detection. Stealth technology is
ever increasingly becoming a paramount tool in battle especially “high technology wars”
if one may occur in the future where invisibility will mean invincibility. Able to strike with
impunity, stealth aircraft, missiles and warships are virtually invisible to most types of
military sensors. The experience gained at the warfront emphasizes the need to
incorporate stealth features at the design stage itself. According to conventional military
wisdom, surprise is the best form of attack. With evermore sophisticated methods of
detection, however, catching the enemy unawares has becoming increasingly difficult.
Thus paving way to the development of increasingly sophisticated technologies that help
in evading the enemy's ever vigilant “eyes”.
“The future is bright, the future is stealth”
Stealth technology also known as LOT (Low Observability Technology) is a sub-discipline of military electronic countermeasures which covers a range of techniques used with aircraft, ships and missiles, in order to make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared and other detection methods.
Stealth refers to the act of trying to hide or evade detection.
Stealth technology is ever increasingly becoming a paramount
tool in battle especially “high technology wars” if one may
occur in the future where invincibility means invincibility.
Able to strike with impunity, stealth aircraft, missiles and
warships are virtually invisible to most types of military
sensors. The experience gained at the warfront emphasizes the
need to incorporate stealth features at the design stage itself.
The other purpose is to share the recent achievements related to
the advanced composite materials used on various aerostructures
across the globe. Also discussed are the possibilities
of achieving stealth capability on our existing fleet of fighter
and bomber aircrafts of our Indian Armed forces using
composite and smart materials.
Stealth technology also known as LOT (Low Observability
Technology) is a technology which covers a range of
techniques used with aircraft, ships and missiles, in order to
make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared and
other detection methods.
Stealth Technology essentially deals with designs and materials
engineered for the military purpose of avoiding detection by
radar or any other electronic system.
Stealth aircraft are aircraft that use stealth technology to make
it harder to be detected by radar and other means than
conventional aircraft by employing a combination of features
to reduce visibility in the visual, audio, infrared and radio
frequency (RF) spectrum. Well known examples include the
United States' F-117 Nighthawk (1980s-2008), the B-2 Spirit
"Stealth Bomber," and the F-22 Raptor.
The main objective of this topic is to know and study how stealth technology plays a major role In the modern and future combat warfare.
This report also deals with the study of various factors that include to make any aircraft/ship/drones etc. to be stealthy.
This report also distinguishes between the conventional and non-conventional {stealth} platforms against the miscellaneous stealth categories.
Aircraft Stealth Technology is the tech part of an airplane most students get curious about. Stealth is the technology with help of which we can hide an airplane from enemy's eye and radar both. The scientific name for stealth technology is low observatory, which incorporates several concepts into one technology. Stealth is nothing new, it has been used since caveman years with covering up in leaves, but it is now used in military aviation. Stealth does not always refer to just radar there are other forms of detections such as heat signatures. check other aspect by <a>read more</a>
Stealth technology also known as LOT (Low Observability Technology) is a sub-discipline of military electronic countermeasures which covers a range of techniques used with aircraft, ships and missiles, in order to make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared and other detection methods.
Stealth refers to the act of trying to hide or evade detection.
Stealth technology is ever increasingly becoming a paramount
tool in battle especially “high technology wars” if one may
occur in the future where invincibility means invincibility.
Able to strike with impunity, stealth aircraft, missiles and
warships are virtually invisible to most types of military
sensors. The experience gained at the warfront emphasizes the
need to incorporate stealth features at the design stage itself.
The other purpose is to share the recent achievements related to
the advanced composite materials used on various aerostructures
across the globe. Also discussed are the possibilities
of achieving stealth capability on our existing fleet of fighter
and bomber aircrafts of our Indian Armed forces using
composite and smart materials.
Stealth technology also known as LOT (Low Observability
Technology) is a technology which covers a range of
techniques used with aircraft, ships and missiles, in order to
make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared and
other detection methods.
Stealth Technology essentially deals with designs and materials
engineered for the military purpose of avoiding detection by
radar or any other electronic system.
Stealth aircraft are aircraft that use stealth technology to make
it harder to be detected by radar and other means than
conventional aircraft by employing a combination of features
to reduce visibility in the visual, audio, infrared and radio
frequency (RF) spectrum. Well known examples include the
United States' F-117 Nighthawk (1980s-2008), the B-2 Spirit
"Stealth Bomber," and the F-22 Raptor.
The main objective of this topic is to know and study how stealth technology plays a major role In the modern and future combat warfare.
This report also deals with the study of various factors that include to make any aircraft/ship/drones etc. to be stealthy.
This report also distinguishes between the conventional and non-conventional {stealth} platforms against the miscellaneous stealth categories.
Aircraft Stealth Technology is the tech part of an airplane most students get curious about. Stealth is the technology with help of which we can hide an airplane from enemy's eye and radar both. The scientific name for stealth technology is low observatory, which incorporates several concepts into one technology. Stealth is nothing new, it has been used since caveman years with covering up in leaves, but it is now used in military aviation. Stealth does not always refer to just radar there are other forms of detections such as heat signatures. check other aspect by <a>read more</a>
In this presentation, properties of conducting polymer Polypyrrole (PPy) which may help in radar absorption are discussed. First, some related radar absorbers are studied, then Polypyrrole preparation, source of its conducting nature and changes of this property with different physical properties like crystallinity, thermal stability, ageing and weathering are reviewed
Since debut of F-117A in Iraq and Yugoslavia, stealth craze has taken the world. Stealth aircraft are appearing - complete with flashy advertising and statements about nigh-invulnerability of these aircraft by defense industry officials - all over the world. But what is the truth?
Race in armaments lasts since dawn of human kind. Many new weapons performed admirably. Many failed miserably. Probably most famous example of latter are German Wunderwaffe from World War II, with whom stealth fighters share their basic belief: that quality can beat the quantity. Is that correct? Find out in this presentation.
From many past years, Stealth Technology has became very effective approach for aircraft to hide it from radar system. Especially for military operations, "Low Observable" technology is best these days. These days all countries are using "Low Observable" principles and techniques for making their aircraft, also the many countries are upgrading their old generation aircraft by making modification to hide from radar system. However, Low observable means not completely invisible but complete disappearance from radar system. Stealth technology have many advantages but besides advantages it has also some disadvantages like its development cost, flyaway cost and maintenance cost are much higher than normal aircraft. Due to capabilities of Stealth technology many countries have been developing anti stealth technology 2 These days United States of America taking advantage of stealth technology. This paper will begin by a brief history of development of stealth aircraft and short introduction of most popular stealth fighter aircrafts 2 . Vimal Kumar Yadav | Pikesh Bansal | Shivam Sharma "A Review of Stealth Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31142.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/31142/a-review-of-stealth-technology/vimal-kumar-yadav
There are many reasons why firms need to model the exterior contour of existing aircraft OMLs (Outer Mold Lines). Most aircraft flying today were not designed in a modern 3D CAD program. Even with a current 3D digital design, the actual as-built contour deviates from the intended shape, at least at some level.
Direct Dimensions has used a wide variety of 3D measurement equipment and software for nearly 15 years to accurately capture and model these shapes for many different applications and purposes. This presentation will focus on the evolution of 3D scanning equipment and software through many examples with emphasis on practical application, costs, schedules, deliverables, etc.
Having real world customers that demand higher quality and lower price over time for this application, Direct Dimensions has continually searched for the best tools and methods for performing these projects. This experience and perspective will be freely shared with the audience in order to develop an appreciation for the selection of such tools for these projects.
There are many reasons why firms need to model the exterior contour of existing aircraft OMLs (Outer Mold Lines). Most aircraft flying today were not designed in a modern 3D CAD program. Even with a current 3D digital design, the actual as-built contour deviates from the intended shape, at least at some level.
Direct Dimensions has used a wide variety of 3D measurement equipment and software for nearly 15 years to accurately capture and model these shapes for many different applications and purposes. This presentation will focus on the evolution of 3D scanning equipment and software through many examples with emphasis on practical application, costs, schedules, deliverables, etc.
Having real world customers that demand higher quality and lower price over time for this application, Direct Dimensions has continually searched for the best tools and methods for performing these projects. This experience and perspective will be freely shared with the audience in order to develop an appreciation for the selection of such tools for these projects.
Robocraft design of prototype of aircraftTank Chirag
ROBOCRAFT - it is a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) design and manufactured for the final year mechanical gradution project
Robocraft is related to remote control aircraft with single propeller.
Stealth Technology essentially deals with designs and materials engineered for the military purpose of avoiding detection by radar or any other electronic system. The concept of stealth is not new. Being able to operate without the knowledge of the enemy has always been a goal of military technology and tactics. From the late years of World War II to today, stealth has been a major factor in the improvement of reconnaissance and attack aircraft. To achieve perfect stealth for an aircraft it should be stealthy in different ways, visual, acoustics, radar, infrared, etc.
Continental’s 3rd-generation short-range radar sensor: a simplified design improves cost-effectiveness.
The Continental SRR3-B is designed for automotive applications like blind-spot detection, lane-change assist, rear cross-traffic alert, rear pre-crash, safe exit, collision mitigation, distance warning /monitoring, and more. The SRR3-B is based on 24 GHz technology and contains a planar antenna. The sensor has a field of view of ±75° in azimuth and a maximum range of more than 90m.
More information on that report at http://www.systemplus.fr/reverse-costing-reports/continental-srr3-b-24ghz-blind-spot-radar/
1. BIHE University
Department of Civil Engineering
Airport Engineering– CIV4117-S12
Aug-2012
Overview
Stealth Technology
Course: Airport Engineering
Course ID: CIV4117-S12
Instructor: Mr. Houtan Pourkhorsand
Date: Friday, August 24, 2012
Presenter: Naeem Rezghi
Spring 2012
2. Outline
• Introduction
• History
• Types of Detection
• Radar Cross Section (RCS)
• Reduction in RCS
• Methods of Stealth
• Pros and Cons
• Conclusion
3. Introduction
• What’s stealth technology?
– A technique of making objects invisible
– An important technology used in military operations.
– Also known as LOT (Low Observable Technology)
5. Introduction [Cont’d]
• Task of Stealth Technology
– Partially invisible objects to radar
– Aircrafts cannot be fully invisible
– An example of this technology in other military field:
A camouflaged soldier
6. History
• World War II played in important role in stealth
technology development.
• Germans were the 1st developers
• Germans developed the stealth Nano-paint
during the WWII! (In recent years the MIT scientists
became successful of making such a similar thing)
Figure 4 – Hitler’s first stealth aircraft
Figure 4 – Hitler’s first stealth aircraft
7. Types of Detection
• Different radar signatures of vehicles can be
categorized as following:
– Radar Cross Section (RCS)
– Infrared signature
– Acoustic signature
– Visible signature
– Laser Cross Section
– Magnetic signature
9. Radar Cross Section (RCS)
[Cont’d]
• A sample of RCS evaluating:
– B-26 aircraft
– 3 GHz frequency signal
– Signal direction is variable
Figure 6 - RCS graph for B-26
14. Methods of Stealth
• Vehicle shape
• Coating and Absorbers
– Composite materials
– Stealth Nano-carbon paint
• Infrared stealth
– Black Hole Ocarina (BHO) system
– Film Cooled Tailpipe (FCT) system
• Visual stealth
• Plasma stealth
15. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Vehicle shape
– It should be coated with the Radar Absorbing
Materials.
Figure 9 – Radar absorbing materials
16. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Vehicle shape
– It should be coated with the Radar Absorbing
Materials.
– It’s tail should kept an ACUTE angle.
– Planes wings has to kept at Angle.
– Design of Nose.
Figure 10 – F117-A geometric design
17. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Vehicle shape
– It should be coated with the Radar Absorbing
Materials.
– It’s tail should kept an ACUTE angle.
– Planes wings has to kept at Angle.
– Design of Nose.
– Stealth aircraft must embed the Engines within the
wing or fuselage.
19. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Coating and Absorbers
– Generally four types of composite materials are
existed:
– PMCs [Polymer Matrix Composite materials]
Figure 12 – PMC materials
20. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Coating and Absorbers
– Generally four types of composite materials are
existed:
– PMCs [Polymer Matrix Composite materials]
– MMCs [Metal Matrix Composite materials]
Figure 13 – MMC materials
21. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Coating and Absorbers
– Generally four types of composite materials are
existed:
– PMCs [Polymer Matrix Composite materials]
– MMCs [Metal Matrix Composite materials]
– CMCs [Ceramic Metal Composite materials]
Figure 14 – CMC materials
22. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Coating and Absorbers
– Generally four types of composite materials are
existed:
– PMCs [Polymer Matrix Composite materials]
– MMCs [Metal Matrix Composite materials]
– CMCs [Ceramic Metal Composite materials]
– Carbon Composites
Figure 15 – Carbon Composite
23. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Coating and Absorbers
– Stealth Nano-carbon paint
– “BLACKEST” know material of the world
– Absorb 99% of the received signal
– Excellent electrical conductivity and high Strength
Figure 16 – Stealth Nano-carbon paint
24. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Coating and Absorbers
– Visual stealth
– Having a harmony with environment
– Cannot be visually detected
25. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Coating and Absorbers
– Visual stealth
– New developments:
– Electro-magnetically conductive polyaniline-based
radar absorbent material.
– It is connected into an internal computer of aircraft.
– The system will analyze the whole environment and
compute the best pattern for each side of aircraft.
Figure 18 – Scheme of invisible aircraft
27. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Coating and Absorbers
– Plasma Stealth:
– Application in stealth technology:
– Plasma will cover the whole body of aircraft
– Plasma cloud will absorb the radar waves and
prevent aircraft’s detection.
28. Methods of Stealth [Cont’d]
• Coating and Absorbers
– Plasma Stealth:
– Application in stealth technology:
– Plasma will cover the whole body of aircraft
– Plasma cloud will absorb the radar waves and
prevent aircraft’s detection.
29. Pros and Cons
• Pros of stealth aircrafts:
– Few number of stealth aircrafts = Huge number of
conventional aircrafts [Economical in long term]
Figure 21 – Stealth aircraft VS. conventional ones
30. Pros and Cons [Cont’d]
• Pros of stealth aircrafts:
– Few number of stealth aircrafts = Huge number of
conventional aircrafts [Economical in long term]
– Keeping enemy in fear of stealth aircrafts’ existence. So
they will remain in defense mood.
Figure 22 – Scheme of confused soldiers by stealth aircrafts
31. Pros and Cons [Cont’d]
• Pros of stealth aircrafts:
– Few number of stealth aircrafts = Huge number of
conventional aircrafts [Economical in long term]
– Keeping enemy in fear of stealth aircrafts’ existence. So
they will remain in defense mood.
– The natural competition of war will result in economically
weakening of the enemy.
– Diplomatic result: Stealth aircrafts have high military
technology and military secrets.
32. Pros and Cons [Cont’d]
• Cons of stealth aircrafts:
– Low speed and maneuverability
33. Pros and Cons [Cont’d]
• Cons of stealth aircrafts:
– Low speed and maneuverability
– Low amount of carried payload
Figure 23 – B-2 sprint and F-117A while falling bombs
34. Pros and Cons [Cont’d]
• Cons of stealth aircrafts:
– Low speed and maneuverability
– Low amount of carried payload
– High RCS while using of weapons
Figure 23 – B-2 sprint and F-117A while falling bombs
35. Pros and Cons [Cont’d]
• Cons of stealth aircrafts:
– Low speed and maneuverability
– Low amount of carried payload
– High cost:
– B-2 bomber: $2 billion
– F-117A: $70 million
– F-22: $100 million
(x kg) (x kg)
Figure 24 – Scheme of cost analysis of stealth aircrafts
37. Conclusion
– Stealth technology is the future of military combat
technology.
– In near future stealth technology can be used in other
facilities like ships, helicopters, vehicles, etc.
– The main problem of this technology is its high cost.
– The pros of stealth technology is in most of cases weighted
to its cons.
– Stealth technology, due to its high cost, cannot be a proper
choice for developing countries such as Iran.
– New developments in other fields of technology such as
Nanotechnology can be used instead of stealth
technology due to their low cost.