Aerospace Nanotechnology

A Technical Seminar on “Aerospace Nanotechnology” in partial fulfillment
for the award of degree Masters in Technology - Aerospace Engineering

Thursday, August 11, 2016 Aerospace Nanotechnology 2
Dedicated to “Missile Man of India ’’
- Dr. A.P.J ABDUL KALAM
Look at the sky. We are not
alone. The whole universe is
friendly to us and conspires
only to give the best to those
who dream and work.

Overview
Thursday, August 11, 2016 3Aerospace Nanotechnology
 Introduction
 Literature
Future scope

Thursday, August 11, 2016 4Aerospace Nanotechnology
Introduction
Literature Involved in Nanotechnology for A.E?
Nano materials for aerospace applications.
Specifically focuses on carbon nanotube-reinforced
polymers and materials produced by severe plastic
deformation (SPD).
Future Scope ?
 Weight
Functionality / Performance
Durability

Nanotechnology for Aerospace
 Materials that are:
Lighter
Stronger
More Durable(fatigue and corrosion)
Resistant to Extreme Conditions
 Also interested in materials that have unique
properties.
 Advanced Composites Materials
 Space Elevator
 Aerospace Paint
 Deicing Materials
 Jet engine applications.

Nanotechnology
• A nano meter is one-billionth or 10-9 of a meter
• Nanotechnology is the Design, Fabrication and Utilization of
Materials, Structures and Devices which are less than 100nm. For
comparison, 10 nanometers is 1000 times smaller than the
diameter of a human hair.
• Why nanotechnology?
Ultra small(miniaturized) sensors, communication and navigation
systems with very low mass, volume and power consumptions
are needed.

Nanotechnology already making today’s products
o Lighter
o Stronger
o Faster
o Smaller
o More Durable

WHAT IS NANOSCALE?
Thursday, August 11, 2016 Aerospace Technology 8
0.22 m
Fullerenes
C60
22
cm
0.7 nm
10 millions times
smaller
1 billion times
smaller
12,756 km
1.27 × 107 m 0.7 × 10-9 m

Thursday, August 11, 2016 SPACE ROBOTICS 9
1 2 3

How small is Nano - ?
Units in nanometers (µm)

Nanotechnology spans many Areas

Compared to Human Hair
A Human Hair is about 100,000µm wide
This is an electron microscope image of
multiwall carbon nanotubes.

Applications of Nanotechnology

Nano Materials
1.CARBON BASED
These nonmaterial's are composed mostly of carbon, most
commonly taking the form of a hollow spheres, ellipsoids, or tubes.
Spherical and ellipsoidal carbon nonmaterial's are referred to as
fullerenes, while cylindrical ones are called nanotubes.
2.METAL BASED
These nonmaterial's include quantum dots (closely packed
semiconductor crystal comprised of hundreds or thousands of atoms, and
whose size is on the order of a few manometers to a few hundred
manometers), nanogold, nanosilver and metal oxides, such as titanium
dioxide. Changing the size of quantum dots changes their optical
properties.

Nanotechnology for Aerospace Applications
:
• Diamonded material
• Price of diamonded
vehicles compared to that
of titanium vehicles
• Carbon nanotubes have a
Young’s modulus
comparable to diamond

There are four distinct forms of carbon
Fullerene
GraphiteDiamond
Nanotube

• Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are
carbon structures with special
properties that make them useful
in a wide range of scientific and
everyday applications.
• CNTs are extremely strong. A one-
inch thick rope made of CNTs is
100 times stronger than steel and
is 1/6 the weight of steel. Can you
imagine a building built with ropes
instead of steel or an elephant on
a platform supported by CNT
ropes?
Whats on earth are carbon nanotubes?

Each form of carbon has its own unique properties determined by the arrangement of
atoms within it. CNTs exist in three different forms. Even though the differences are
very small, they cause each one to have its own unique properties.
Zigzag
Armchair
Chiral

Advanced Composites Materials
Schematic section of a helicopter rotor blade
 Composites materials are
combinations of two or more organic
or inorganic components
 Consist of high strength nano fibers
embedded in a matrix
 Materials are:
o Matrix material: material that holds everything
together.
e g . epoxy, bismaleimide, or polyimide.
o Fibers: serve as a reinforcement, embedded in the
matrix.
e g. glass fiber, boron fiber, carbon fiber

Composite Layers
• Nano Fibers are laid out in tape or fabric
form
• put in a mold under heat and pressure.
• The resin matrix flows over nano fibers
• Heat is remover and it solidifies.
• It can be formed into various shapes. In
some cases,
• the fibers are wound tightly to increase
strength.

• Traditionally used: Aluminum metal
• Aluminum made planes heavier, consume
more fuel
• Fiberglass was first used in the Boeing 707
passenger jet in the 1950s, only 2% of the
structure.
• Now , about one-third of the structure of
the commercial planes uses composites
• Composites are stronger
• Composites makes aircrafts lighter :~ 20%
lighter
• Fuel efficient

Its body is made from carbon composites instead of aluminum.
Nanotubes are stronger and lighter.

During the testing phase of the aircraft, the wings were stressed as
much as they would be in the worst conditions of flight
Thursday, August 11, 2016 Aerospace Nanoteechnology 23

The wings were tested to 150% of the stress that was expected during flight.
Planes are going to be lighter and stronger because of the tiny nanotubes.

Space Elevator
• A space elevator is a proposed
type of space transportation
system .
• Its main component is a ribbon-
like cable anchored to the surface
and extending into space.
• It is designed to permit vehicle
transport along the cable from a
planetary surface, such as the
Earth's, directly into space or
orbit, without the use of large
rockets.

Aerospace Paint and Sealant
• Sealants to seal the structures
like fuel tanks, aerodynamic
sealing, and windshield
installation
• PPG Aerospace chromate-free
de-paint/repaint process
includes a epoxy primer
• Based on nanotechnology
– Environment friendly
– Better adhesion
– Corrosion resistant

•When a plane is in the air, icing can occur
•plane’s performance suffers and disasters can occur.
•Currently used techniques:
•use bleed air: heating the surface with engine bleed
air
•mechanical boot: breaking the bond between
surface and ice
• Issues:
•Too complex,
•too heavy
•draws too much power to be effective
Deicing

• Nanotechnology may make it possible to manufacture lighter, stronger,
and programmable materials that
– require less energy to produce than conventional material
– and that promise greater fuel efficiency in land transportation, ships, aircraft,
and space vehicles.
• The future of nanotechnology could very well include the use of
nanorobotics in Aerospace.
• These nanorobots have the potential to take on human tasks as well as
tasks that humans could never complete. The rebuilding of the depleted
ozone layer could potentially be able to be performed.
Possibilities for the future

Concept of Information
• The applications of nanotechnology in aerospace were very
interesting. Some of the applications appear to be so far in the
future that they are not worth mentioning, such as the space
elevator.
• Would have liked to see an analysis for the time estimate to
implement the carbon nano-tubes in the replacing copper wires.
• Since there are other advancing aerospace programs, we would
have liked to know about any other applications that these
programs are exploring. We would like to know if these programs
are progressing in this research more rapidly then NASA.

Pro’s
“Miniaturisation has obvious advantages in terms of
reducing the weight of cables and thus the overall
weight of the aircraft, helping to lower fuel costs. The
huge number of cables installed in a modern military
aircraft can have a significant impact on an its weight.”

Con’s
– Nano-particles can get into the body
through the skin, lungs and digestive
system, thus creating free radicals that
can cause cell damage.
– Once nano-particles are in the
bloodstream, they will be able to cross
the blood-brain barrier.
– The most dangerous Nano-application
use for military purposes is the Nano-
bomb that contain engineered self
multiplying deadly viruses that can
continue to wipe out a community,
country or even a civilization.

• Even though nanotechnology is a fairly new area, it has incredible potential and is a really
exciting area to be involved in.
• Many of the applications discussed here are speculative to say the least. However, they do not
appear to violate the laws of physics.
• The time-to-nanotechnology will be measured in decades, not years. While a few applications
will become feasible in the next few years.
• The time-to-nanotechnology is very sensitive to the level of effort expended. Resources allocated
to developing nanotechnology are likely to be richly rewarded, particularly in the long term.
• In recent years every country is showing a lot of interest regarding the space exploration
programs . And, hence let's expect a faster growth of nanotechnology in aerospace-applications.
Future Scope :

Future Needs and Opportunities in Nanotechnology
for Aerospace Applications
Thursday, August 11, 2016 Aeropace Nanotechnology 33

Future Needs and Opportunities in Nanotechnology for
Aerospace Applications

AIM
Finally,
My intention towards “Nanotechnology in Aerospace “ is to become a
Research scientist to develop , Innovate a new Nano-coated composite
material consisting of very lighter, stronger , more durable and cost effective
and that composite material can be used by Different Aerospace Industries,
Military & Defense aircrafts as well Worldwide….!!!
If I get a chance am eagerly wanted to work in the Research &
Development department in NASA or Indian Defense sector, For my further
Research Programme.
“ Aim for the moon. If you miss, you may hit a star. “

Conclusion
• We can conclude after all the research that
the field of Nanotechnology has made serious
and positive inroads in the field of space
exploration. The various technologies used in
robots have made space research cost
effective and efficient also.

• This module is one of a series designed to introduce faculty and
high school students to the basic concepts of nanotechnology.
Each module includes a PowerPoint presentation, discussion
questions, and hands-on activities, when applicable.
• Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations
expressed in the material are those of the author and do not
necessarily reflect the views of the IARE Education Initiative.
Disclaimer

References
• http://science.howstuffworks.com/nanotechnology3.htm
• Research Gate web page.
• http://crnano.org/whatis.htm
• http://www.wifinotes.com/nanotechnology/introduction-to-
nanotechnology.htm
• http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100531082857.htm
• http://www.technobuzz.com/applications of nano-technology in aerospace
• http://http://education.mrsec.wisc.edu/104.htm
• http://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/summary.do?method=init&
solId=%7B3351C810-DEAF-4F2F-ED2E-C150772DDA2F%7D&path=open By
NASA.
Thursday, August 11, 2016 Aerospace nanotechnology 38

For your cherished time…
39Thursday, August 11, 2016 Aerospace nanotechmology

40Thursday, August 11, 2016 Aerospace Nanotechnology

Aerospace Nanotechnology

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