This document discusses stealth technology, including how it aims to make planes, ships, and soldiers invisible to radar. It describes how radar works and how stealth aircraft are designed with radar-absorbent materials and special shaping to minimize radar reflection. The document outlines some disadvantages of stealth aircraft and discusses efforts to develop anti-stealth technologies like low-frequency radar and multi-transmitter systems. It also briefly touches on stealth applications beyond planes, such as stealth ships and vehicles.

2. TOPICS GOING TO BE DEALED
>>WHAT IS STEALTH TECHNOLOGY.
>>HOW RADAR WORKS.
>>MAIN FEATURES OF STEALTH PLANES
>>DISADVANTAGES.
>>STEALTH SHIPS.
>>ANTI STEALTH TECHNOLOGY.
>>STELATH VEHICLES.

3. WHAT IS STEALTH
TECHNOLOGY?
Stealth means secrecy.
This deals with making things Incapable of being
overcome or defeated; unconquerable.

4. Used mainly in the military.
This was developed to fight
against RADARS.
The aim of this technology is to make the planes or
ships or soldiers invisible as much as possible.
Earlier camouflage concept was used to them
invisible.

5. This was developed in the late 1930’s & during WWII.
 This was mainly developed to make the planes undetec-
table by radars.
This was later extended to ships & submarines also.
Horten Ho 229

6. HOW A RADAR DETECTS
ENEMY?
The radar stations leaves radar waves from the antenna.
When these are reflected by the enemy are absorbed
by the antennas.

7. • Airframe shaped for Low Radar Cross Section(RCS)
•Use of Radar Absorbent Material (RAM)
•Minimized engine noise
•Reduced infrared signature
•Reduced visual signature
•Non-metallic frame

8. Low Radar Cross Section
The planes are so built that they reflect the maximum
of the radar waves that fall on it in some other direction.
This would just work as a mirror placed at some angle to
rays incident on it.
For this reason the planes are made to bend at some angle.
The missiles are placed inside the plane.

9. Most conventional aircraft have a rounded shape. This shape makes them
aerodynamic, but it also creates a very efficient radar reflector. The round
shape means that no matter where the radar signal hits the plane, some of
the signal gets reflected back:

10. A stealth aircraft, on the other hand, is made up of completely
flat surfaces and very sharp edges. When a radar signal hits a
stealth plane, the signal reflects away at an angle, like this:

11. Radar Absorbent Material
The material that is used to coat the planes can be made of
some special materials like carbon powder in the glue or
silicon based inorganic compound that could absorb the
radar waves that fall on the plane.
Actually the material that was used is kept as a secret by
the military forces.
F-117 Nighthawk B-2 Spirit

12. The material used in the construction of planes is
Non-Metallic.
 Dielectric materials are used as they are transparent to
the radar waves .
Composites of ferrite are used to optimize dielectric
& magnetic properties.
F-22 Raptor

13. Minimized Engine Noise
The engines of the planes are so made that the noise
are made by them should be less as much as possible.
Even the engines are placed deep inside the planes .
Earlier slow turning propellers were used.
F-117

14. Reduced Infrared Signature
This deals about the plane detection by the heat
generated by them.
For this purpose mostly engines are placed
deep inside the plane.
The IR scanning is done mainly on the bottom
of the planes so the heat generated by them
is let out from the top surface of the plane.

15. The hot regions are cooled by coolants.
The gases exhausted are absorbed by the atmospheric.
Some planes(F-117) uses this IR to confuse enemy.

16. Reduced Visual Signature
The shape of the planes is made to have the
appearance of insects to RADARS.
They use YEHUDI lights or gray color in the
day time.
The colors used at the night are like matte
paint or dark colors.
Avro-vulcon

17. DISADVANTAGES
Carries less number of bombs.
Less speed.
Losses stealth property
when bay doors open.
Very high cost.
Has to be repainted regularly.
Cant make sharp curves. F-35 Lighitining
Electromagnatic emmisions.
The shape does not support Aero-dynamics.
Cost of maintainance.

18. STEALTH PASSENGER PLANES
Mainly developed, to be undetectable by terrorists.
Boeing 797
Air force 1

19. STEALTH SHIPS
This is the stealth technology concept
of aircrafts.
Because of their more bending edge they have
lesser radar detection.

20. FOR REDUCING RADAR
DETECTION
The sea water is used to make the ships less detected as they are good reflectors.
DDG-67

21. ANTI-STEALTH TECHNOLOGY
Low frequency radar.
Multi-transmitters.
Airborne method.
Surface based method.
Satellite based method.

22. Low Frequency Radar
Low frequency radars are used.
They are well reflected back.
Lack of sources.
Very low frequencies fails.

23. MULTI TRANSMITERS
This is based on the RCS.
A large no of antennas are placed at
distant places.
Single or multi transmitters
are used.

24. AIRBORNE METHOD
Planes are made to fly high up in the air .
They are furnished with SLAR & FLIR.
Very useful to detect the enemy in 3-D.
They use LIDAR.

25. SATELLITE BASED
METHOD
The satellites use radar sensors.
They cover a wide area.
They are more reliable and safe.

26. SURFACE BASED METHOD
Radars of high sensitivity are used, like Radio Telescopes.
They work good at all weather conditions.
They use the concept of Radio-Astronomy.
Requires heavy installations.
The speed & trajectory of the enemy can be easily detected.
Can detect he difference between hostile & Stealth crafts.
Destroy the enemy with out their notice.
Do not release radio signals.
They are well comouflaged.

27. STEALTH VEHICLES

28. CONCLUSION
This the present worlds one of thebest advanced
technology to make things invisible as far as
possible and it is developing to be applied to
the real life appliances as to a common man .
Let us hope that it will develop to the more better
Way in the future.