Stealth technology allows aircraft to be partially invisible to radar. It uses shapes that scatter radar waves away from receivers, radar absorbing materials (RAM) to absorb radar energy, and active cancellation systems to radiate counter signals that nullify incoming radar signals. India is developing stealth technology with the HAL AMCA stealth fighter jet. Advantages include more effective strikes due to stealth, but disadvantages include higher costs and reduced payloads compared to conventional aircraft.

1. STEALTH
TECHNOLOGY
Rohan Bhavsar
B120087505

2. Content
• Introduction
• History
• Radar
• Method used in stealth technology
• India’s development in Stealth technology
• Advantages
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion

3. What is Stealth Technology?
• Scientifically know as LOW OBSERVABILITY TECHNOLOGY.
• In simple terms, it allows an aircraft to be partially invisible to
radar or any other means of detection.
• This gives a clear and safe striking distance for the aircraft.

4. History
The idea of stealth comes from the concept of camouflage tactis used
by soldiers in jungles for hiding purpose.
• One of the earliest aircraft was the horten ho 229 made by germans
late in world war ii.
• It was come under consideration when cia requested funding for
stealth aircrafts
• The theory comes into existence from the aircraft like f-117 night
walker and b-2 spirit.

5. RADAR
• Radio Detection And
Ranging.
• Radar is an object-detection
system that uses radio
waves to determine the
range, altitude, direction,
or speed of objects.

6. Method Used in Stealth Technology
• Camouflage Tactics
• Shape of aircraft
• Plasma stealth technology
• Radar absorbing material (RAM)
• Active cancellation system

7. CAMOUFLAGE TACTIS
• It came by British in word war I.
• It is a military science, the art and practice of concealment and
visual deception in war.
• It means defeating enemy observations by concealing or mislead.

9. Shape Of Stealth Aircraft
• The most effective way to counteract the ability of radar was to
scatter the radar waves from the transmitter to direction where
receives would be unlikely to be located.
• The ideal shapes to return radar would be dihedral or trihedral
corners.
• The first aircraft which fully utilize this research is f-117

10. Conventional Aircraft
• Most conventional aircraft have a rounded shape. This shape
makes them aerodynamic, but it also creates a very efficient radar
reflector. The round shape means that no matter where the radar
signal hits the plane, some of the signal gets reflected back:

11. Stealth Aircraft
• A stealth aircraft, on the other hand, is made up of completely flat
surfaces and very sharp edges. When a radar signal hits a stealth
plane, the signal reflects away at an angle, like this:

12. F-117
NIGHT WALKER
USA

13. In this Plasma stealth the aircraft
injects a stream of ionized gas
which envelopes the aircraft due to
which most of the radar wave are
absorbed, this make the aircraft
completely invisible.
Plasma Stealth
First develop by Russia

14. Radar absorbing material(ram)
• Radiation-absorbent material, usually known as RAM, is a
material which has been specially designed and shaped
to absorb incident RF radiation (also known as non-ionising
radiation), as effectively as possible, from as many incident
directions as possible. The more effective the RAM, the lower the
resulting level of reflected RF radiation.

15. Radar absorbing material(ram)
• They are used to absorb the energy of the radar wave, so to
prevent the reception of a reflected signal by the antenna.
• RAM is usually a dielectric material such as carbon or magnetic
ferrite.

16. Types of radar-absorbent material (RAM)
• Iron ball paint absorber
• One of the most commonly known types of RAM is iron ball paint.
• It contains tiny spheres coated with carbonyl iron or ferrite.
• Radar waves induce molecular oscillations from the alternating
magnetic field in this paint, which leads to conversion of the radar
energy into heat
• The heat is then transferred to the aircraft and dissipated.
• The iron particles in the paint are obtained by decomposition
of iron Penta carbonyl and may contain traces of carbon, oxygen,
and nitrogen.

17. • Jaumann absorber
• A Jaumann absorber or Jaumann layer is a radar-absorbent
substance
• Carbon nanotube
• Radars work in the microwave frequency range, which can be
absorbed by MWNTs. Applying the MWNTs to the aircraft would
cause the radar to be absorbed and therefore seem to have a
smaller radar cross-section. One such application could be to paint
the nanotubes onto the plane.

18. Active cancellation system
• The main purpose is reducing the RCS while cancelling the
reflected radar signal by a process of modifying and retransmitting
the incident radar waves, rather than having the radar jammed.
• The method is also called “active loading”.
• The active cancellation platform radiates counter signals, which
have the same amplitude but reversed phase from the radar.
• Such that the reverse phase nullifies the incoming signal and thus
makes the aircraft invisible to radar.

19. Active cancellation system

20. • The HAL Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft (AMCA) is
an Indian programme of a fifth-generation fighter aircraft. It is
being developed by an aerospace industry team which consists of
the Aeronautical Development Agency as the design firm with
manufacturing carried out by Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
as the primary contractor and main assembly firm. It is a single-
seat,twin-engine, stealth supermaneuverable all weather multirole
fighter aircraft.
India’s step towards Stealth Aircraft

22. Advantages
1. A smaller number of stealth vehicles may replace fleet of conventional
attacks vehicles with the same or increased combat efficiency. Possibly
resulting in longer term savings in the military budget.
2. A Stealth vehicles strike capability may deter potential enemies from
taking action and keep them in constant fear of strikes, since they can never
know if the attack vehicles are already underway.
3. The production of a stealth combat vehicles design may force an
opponent to pursue the same aim, possibly resulting in significant weakening
of the economically inferior party.
4. Stationing stealth vehicles in a friendly country is a powerful diplomatic
gesture as stealth vehicles incorporate high technology and military secrets.
5. Decreasing causality rates of the pilots and crew members.

23. Disadvantages
1. Stealth aircraft cannot fly as fast or is not maneuverable like
conventional aircraft. The F-22 and the aircraft of its category
proved this wrong up to an extent.
2. The stealth aircraft can carry only reduced amount of payload. As
most of the payload is carried internally in a stealth aircraft to
reduce the radar signature, weapons can only occupy a less amount
of space internally.
3. The biggest of all disadvantages that it faces is its sheer cost.
Stealth aircraft literally costs its weight in gold. Fighters in service
and in development for the USAF like the B-2 ($2 billion), F-117 ($70
million) and the F-22 ($100 million) are the costliest planes in the
world.

24. Conclusion
Stealth technology is clearly the future of air combat. In the future,
as air defense systems grow more accurate and deadly, stealth
technology can be a factor for a decisive by a country over the other.
In the future, stealth technology will not only be incorporated in
fighters and bombers but also in ships, helicopters, tanks and
transport planes. Ever since the Wright brothers flew the first
powered flight, the advancements in this particular field of
technology have seen staggering heights. Stealth technology is just
one of the advancements that we have seen. In due course of time
we can see many improvements in the field of military aviation
which would one-day even make stealth technology obsolete.